普鲁士蓝类似物修饰多孔陶瓷球的制备及其As吸附能力

通过粉末烧结和添加造孔剂法制备了直径为3～5 mm的多孔陶瓷球, 烧结温度为1573 K, 烧结时间1 h. 利用碱处理法对该多孔陶瓷球进行了脱硅处理, 降低了多孔陶瓷表面的Si/Al的物质的量之比, 并且利用扫描电镜对碱处理前后多孔陶瓷球的表面形貌进行了表征. 通过脱硅后陶瓷球与亚铁氰化钾溶液的反应, 对多孔陶瓷球进行了表面修饰, 在其表面生成了蓝色的普鲁士蓝类似物, 并且利用X射线粉末衍射分析、X射线能谱分析和红外光谱分析对该蓝色物质进行了表征. 利用砷酸二氢钠为砷源研究了修饰后陶瓷球的As离子吸附能力.     

多孔石墨烯分离CH4/CO2的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟CH₄/CO₂混合气体在多孔石墨烯分离膜中的分离过程, 分析了3 种纳米孔功能化修饰(N/H 修饰、全H修饰和N/―CH₃修饰)对分离过程的影响规律. 模拟结果表明气体分子会在石墨烯表面形成吸附层, CO₂分子的吸附强度高于CH₄分子. 纳米孔的功能化修饰不仅减小了纳米孔的可渗透面积, 还通过影响纳米孔边缘原子的电荷分布提高了气体分子的吸附强度, 进而影响了混合气体分子在多孔石墨烯分离膜中的渗透性和选择性. CO₂分子在多孔石墨烯中的渗透率能达到10⁶ GPU (1 GPU=3.35×10^-10 mol·s^-1·m^-2·Pa^-1), 远远高于传统的聚合物分离膜. 研究表明多孔石墨烯分离膜在天然气处理、CO₂捕获等工业气体分离过程中具有广泛的应用前景.     

通过Heck偶联反应制备具有pH响应的吡啶基团功能化的多孔材料

四(4-苯乙烯基)硅烷(TVBS)和溴代二苯乙烯基吡啶(Br-DSP)通过Heck偶联反应构筑以共价键连接的具有pH响应的新型多孔材料. 材料具有良好的孔性能和热稳定性能, 其比表面积为467 m²·g^-1, 孔体积为0.41 cm³·g^-1. 所得的多孔材料在273 K/760 mmHg条件下的CO₂吸附量为2.96 wt%. 二苯乙烯基吡啶(DSP)单元的引入, 使多孔材料具有优异的荧光性能, 其中N原子作为质子化中心, 使材料具有pH响应性. 在固体状态下, 材料的荧光最大发射波长在526 nm; 在pH＝1.00～4.50范围内, 材料的荧光最大发射波长和相应的pH值成线性关系, 表明该材料可用于酸性溶液的精确地快速检测.     

磷酸基多孔芳香骨架材料用于提取铀离子

采用联苯为建筑基元，合成了价格低廉、操作简便、易于工业化的多孔芳香骨架材料PAF-45.通过后修饰方法，制备了带有磷酸基团的多孔芳香材料（PAF-45-PG）.通过FTIR（傅里叶变换红外光谱），TGA（热重分析），PXRD（多晶粉末X射线衍射），SEM（扫描电子显微镜），TEM（透射电子显微镜）以及N₂吸附实验，对PAF-45-PG的结构及孔道性质进行了系统的表征.由于骨架中引入了磷酸基团，PAF-45-PG具有优良的铀离子吸附性能，在pH=6的条件下可以达到100 mg·g^-1.另外，该材料成本低廉，具有可观的工业化前景，为多孔材料在能源方面的应用提供了广阔前景.     

一种制备活性氧化铝的新方法

将结晶氯化铝与柠檬酸及淀粉等造孔剂混合,经直接干燥和焙烧制得了一种无定形活性氧化铝,并通过X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附及氨程序升温脱附等手段对活性氧化铝样品进行了表征,探讨了各组分对活性氧化铝样品性质所起的作用.与常规的活性氧化铝制备方法相比,这种制法省去了中和、老化、过滤和洗涤等步骤,缩短制备周期且过程容易控制.活性氧化铝具有适宜且可调节的比表面积和孔径分布,作为载体负载镍金属组分制成负载型催化剂后,对乙苯加氢饱和与加氢裂化表现出较高的催化活性.     

多级孔NaX分子筛的合成及CO2吸附性能

采用两步晶化和氨基酸辅助的协同合成策略, 制备了具有高产率(89%)和高结晶度(微孔体积为0.30 cm ³/g)的多级孔NaX分子筛. 利用X射线粉末衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜和氮气吸附等技术, 考察了两步晶化和氨基酸加入量对NaX分子筛的形貌、 相对结晶度和产率的影响. 实验结果表明, 两步晶化有利于多级孔结构的产生, 氨基酸的引入有助于提高分子筛相对结晶度和产率. 与传统方法合成的NaX分子筛相比, 该合成策略制备的多级孔NaX分子筛展现出更优异的CO₂吸附性能, 在273 K和100 kPa条件下, 其CO₂吸附量达到154.2 cm ³/g, 而传统NaX分子筛的CO₂吸附量为147.6 cm ³/g. 该合成策略为绿色且高效制备高质量的多级孔分子筛提供了新思路.     

有机-无机骨架杂化酸碱双功能高硅Y型沸石的制备和结构表征

以甲胺水溶液为改性剂, 高硅Y型沸石可在常温下吸附甲胺(MA)制备有机-无机杂化酸碱双功能高硅Y型沸石材料. X 射线粉末衍射(XRD), 固体²⁹Si魔角核磁共振(¹³C及²⁹Si MAS NMR)表征表明甲胺分子与高硅Y型沸石骨架相互作用导致沸石结构发生变化, 骨架上生成新的Si—N键及Si—OH. 以热重分析(TG/DTG), NH₃, CO₂程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD和CO₂-TPD)研究杂化Y型沸石的酸碱性质及其经不同温度焙烧后的变化, 结果表明, 杂化后沸石的酸/碱量, 尤其是后者明显增大, 其原因是骨架上生成了新的Si—OH及Si—N键.     

负载氯的分级多孔炭制备及其脱汞性能的研究

以纳米碳酸钙为模板,水稻秸秆为碳前驱体,采用共热解法制备了负载氯的分级多孔生物质炭。在模拟烟气条件下,利用固定床实验台架研究了生物质碳材料对烟气中的单质汞（Hg⁰）的脱除性能。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、N₂吸附-脱附（BET）、程序升温脱附（Hg-TPD）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对材料进行表征。结果表明,盐酸浸渍不仅可去除模板产物生成多孔结构,并且有效地将氯负载到材料表面。负载氯的分级多孔炭B1C1-Cl2的比表面积和总孔容分别达到398.1 m²/g和0.4923 cm³/g。在120℃,空速（GHSV）为225000 h^-1时,脱汞效率可达95%。多孔结构有利于气体扩散,高比表面积为材料提供了更多的反应位点,微孔-介孔内表面上的C-Cl共价键为脱汞的主要化学吸附活性位点。     

Cu负载Fe柱撑钠化海泡石: 结构特点及其丙烯选择性催化还原NO性质研究

采用羟基铁离子柱撑钠化海泡石改性后, 以浸渍法制备了铜负载铁柱撑钠化海泡石Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂, 作为比较以浸渍法制备了铁负载钠化海泡石(Fe-NaSep), 铜负载钠化海泡石(Cu-NaSep)和铜铁负载钠化海泡石(Cu/Fe-NaSep)催化剂. 并将它们应用于C₃H₆选择性催化还原NO的反应(C₃H₆-SCR). 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、TGA-DTG分析、N₂-等温吸附/脱附、H₂-程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等技术对样品进行表征. N₂-等温吸附/脱附和TGA-DTG分析结果表明, Fe-NaPILCS的比表面积和孔体积较海泡石原矿具有较大的增加, 热稳定性也明显提高|XRD和XPS结果表明, 在Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂上同时存在Fe^3＋/Fe^2＋和Cu^2＋/Cu^＋不同氧化态的氧化物种, 在Cu和Fe之间存在电子迁移. H₂-TPR结果表明, Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂上存在大量的孤立铜离子物种(isolated Cu^2＋-ions, (Cu^2＋)_i). Fe柱撑钠化海泡石负载的Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂的催化活性明显优于未柱撑海泡石负载的Cu/Fe-NaSep催化剂, 这可能与Cu/Fe-NaPILCS具有较大的比表面积、孔体积和更优的氧化还原性能, 及其具有更多有利于C₃H₆-SCR反应的(Cu^2＋)_i物种有关.     

高温驱动氧化锰刻蚀制备纳米氧化锰-多孔石墨烯及其锂空气电池性能研究

本文通过简单的电荷吸附制备了高分散的氧化石墨烯含锰化合物（Mn-GO）,利用高温驱动下氧化锰的生长以及热运动同时实现了GO的还原、刻蚀和纳米氧化锰的负载,即成功构筑了纳米氧化锰-多孔石墨烯复合材料（MnO-PGNSs）. 对影响GO分散性的Mn²⁺的添加量、影响GO层数的分散液浓度以及影响MnO热运动的烧结条件进行了详细的考察. 研究发现,当Mn-GO同时满足优异的分散性、适合的片层厚度和烧结条件（＞800℃,>2h）,才能在GNSs表面刻蚀成孔制备得到MnO-PGNSs. 本文进一步将MnO-PGNSs作为锂空气电池正极材料,结果表明在50 mA·g^-1的电流密度下深度放电后容量达到5100 mAh·g^-1,相比于GNSs和PGNSs,MnO-PGNSs具有更高的比容量. 锂空气电池性能的提高得益于GNSs表面的多孔结构和MnO优异的催化活性.     

Physical adsorption analysis of intact supported MFI zeolite membranes

We compare the adsorption properties of intact supported silicalite membranes with those of silicalite powder and of alumina supports using nitrogen and argon as adsorbates at 77 K. We disentangle contributions from the membrane and support and find that the support contributes significantly to the total quantity adsorbed due to its relative thickness. The micropore-filling regions of the adsorption isotherms of the powder and the supported membrane are nearly identical for the membranes studied, but the isotherms differ at higher pressures--the supported membranes exhibit a much higher quantity adsorbed than the powders. Despite this difference, no hysteresis is observed in the membrane isotherms, indicating a lack of mesoporosity (pores in the 2-50 nm range) in either membrane or support for this preparation. We estimate argon transport fluxes at steady state by assuming surface diffusion with both a constant and concentration-dependent Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient in the zeolite and the support. Further, we use the respective adsorption isotherms to determine the thermodynamic correction factors--that is, the ratios of the Fick and Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients--required to solve the diffusion equation. The estimated argon flux is virtually the same using adsorption data from powders and membranes. For the relatively thick supports used in our study (approximately 2 mm), we find that the support exerts a much greater influence on the predicted fluxes for a wide range of values of the ratio of the support to zeolite diffusion coefficients. We emphasize that the results are specific to the architecture of the supported membranes studied, and thus, the results should be interpreted accordingly.     

4A沸石从水溶液中吸附氯化十四烷基吡啶

4A沸石可部分或全部代替三聚磷酸钠,以减少合成洗涤剂对水质富营养化的影响,在硬水中使用也不致降低洗涤效力.本文研究了4A沸石在不同pH水溶液中和无机盐存在下对氯化十四烷基吡啶(TPC)的吸附作用,初步探讨了吸附机制.     

Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction analysis of zeolite NaA membranes on porous alumina tubes.

Zeolite NaA-type membranes hydrothermally synthesized on porous alumina tubes, for dehydration process, were characterized by grazing incidence 2 theta scan X-ray diffraction analysis (GIXRD). The fine structure of the membrane was studied fractionally for surface layer and for materials embedded in the porous alumina tube. The thickness of the surface layer on the porous alumina tube in the membranes used in this study was approximately 2-3 microm as determined from transmission electron microscopy with focused ion beam thin-layer specimen preparation technique (FIB-TEM). To discuss the effects of the membrane surface morphology on the GIXRD measurements, CaA-type membrane prepared by ion exchange from the NaA-type membrane and surface-damaged NaA-type membrane prepared by water leaching were also studied. For the original NaA-type membrane, 2 theta scan GIXRD patterns could be clearly measured at X-ray incidence angles (alpha) ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 deg in increments of 0.1 deg. The surface layers of the 2 - 3 microm on the porous alumina tube correspond to the alpha values up to ca. 0.2 deg. For the CaA-type and the surface-damaged NaA-type membranes, however, diffraction patterns from the surface layer could not be successfully detected and the others were somewhat broad. For all the three samples, diffraction intensities of both zeolite and alumina increased with depth (X-ray incidence angle, alpha) in the porous alumina tube region. The depth profile analysis of the membranes based on the GIXRD first revealed that amount of zeolite crystal embedded in the porous alumina tube is much larger than that in the surface layer. Thus, the 2 theta scan GIXRD is a useful method to study zeolite crystal growth mechanism around (both inside and outside) the porous alumina support during hydrothermal synthesis and to study water permeation behavior in the dehydration process.     

Characterization by 27Al NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory techniques of the species responsible for benzene hydrogenation in Y zeolite-supported carburized molybdenum catalysts

Carburized molybdenum catalysts supported on a dealuminated NaH-Y zeolite were prepared by carburization under a 20% methane in hydrogen flow of two precursors obtained by adsorption of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, one containing 5 wt % and the other 10 wt % Mo, and a third one was prepared by impregnation with aqueous ammonium heptamolybdate, containing 5 wt % Mo. The three catalysts displayed very distinct behaviors in the benzene hydrogenation reaction at atmospheric pressure and 363 K. By using XANES spectroscopy at the molybdenum L edge, EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy at the molybdenum K edge, and 27Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy, it was shown that different carburized molybdenum species exist in each sample. In the catalyst containing 10 wt % Mo, formation of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles was observed, with an estimated diameter of 1.8 nm. In the catalyst containing 5 wt % Mo and prepared by carburization of adsorbed molybdenum hexacarbonyl, formation of molybdenum oxycarbide dimers is proposed. In the latter case, density functional theory calculations have led to a dimer structure which is compatible with EXAFS results. In the catalyst prepared by impregnation with ammonium heptamolybdate solution followed by carburization, the molybdenum seems to interact with extraframework alumina to produce highly disordered mixed molybdenum-aluminum oxycarbides.     

钨基加氢脱氮催化剂载体与活性前身物的作用

为研究载体表面化学性质和钨前物结构对钨基加氢脱氮催化剂活性的影响，以ＩＲ，ＸＲＤ，程序升温硫化方法，研究了十二磷钨酸和偏钨酸铵两种不同结构的前身物在Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性表面的分散状态。     

A novel low temperature synthesis technique of sol–gel derived nanocrystalline alumina abrasive

The effect of ball milling process, co-doped seed and two step sintering technique on the properties of sol–gel derived alumina abrasive sintered at low temperature was investigated. The results showed that ball milling time with 10 h can be effective in enhancing the activity of the precursor and the microstructural uniformity of sintered alumina abrasive. A small amount of Al₂O₃–(NH₄)₃AlF₆ co-doped seed addition had potential synergistic effects for reducing α-Al₂O₃ phase transformation temperature and improving the mechanical property of alumina abrasive. A remarkable suppression of grain growth was achieved by controlling sintering temperature with two-step sintering method. Therefore, by using ball milling process, co-doping α-Al₂O₃–(NH₄)₃AlF₆ seed and two-step sintering technique, the sol–gel derived uniform nanocrystalline alumina abrasive is easily achieved at low temperature. Nanocrystalline alumina abrasive prepared at these conditions exhibited excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance compared to fused corundum abrasive and those sol–gel derived corundum abrasive with conventional sintering methods.     

溶胶－凝胶法制备高比表面积的纳米氧化铝及其对过渡金属离子吸附行为的研究

溶胶－凝胶法合成高比表面积纳米氧化铝，以透射电镜（TEM），X射线衍射（ XRD），比表面积测定（BET）等手段对所得的纳米氧化铝进行了表征，表明纳米粒 子的粒径在40－80nm。以ICP－AES为检测手段，考察了纳米氧化铝材料在静态吸附 条件下对于过渡金属离子的富集分离性能。结果表明，在pH8-9范围内，过渡金属 离子Cu,Mn,Cr,Ni可实现定量分离富集。吸附于纳米氧化铝上的金属离子可用1. 0mol/L盐酸溶液完全解脱。将所合成的纳米氧化铝用于实际标准样品黑麦叶和煤烟 灰中Cu,Mn,Cr,Ni的分离富集及ICP－AES测定，结果满意。     

氮化硼纳米管-纳米片分级结构的制备及光学和吸附特性

将五硼酸铵、 氨硼烷络合物和氧化镁混合, 球磨均匀后, 在1200 ℃及0.6 L/min流动氨气保护条件下退火6 h, 即可在氧化铝基片上收集到白色毛状产物. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 拉曼光谱(Raman)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 样品呈一维线状分级结构, 长度大于5 mm, 中间为竹节状空心结构, 内部管径为50~350 nm, 外径范围为200~800 nm. 分级结构表面负载了大量氮化硼(BN)纳米薄片, 单个薄片厚度约为13 nm. 薄片弯曲褶皱, 相互交织, 构成1个氮化硼片层, 其厚度约为50~200 nm. UV-Vis和PL光谱测试结果表明, 氮化硼纳米管(BNNT)分级结构在紫外光材料领域具有一定的应用潜力, 且对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附能力(7 min即可吸附71%, 107 min时可吸附96%). 对比实验结果表明, BNNT的生长机理遵循气-液-固相(VLS)模型, 而表面负载的超薄BN片的生长机理遵循气-固相(VS)模型.     

Synthesis of submicron polycrystalline MFI zeolite films on porous ceramic supports

This paper reports preparation and properties of ultra-thin MFI-type zeolite (silicalite) films on sol–gel derived mesoporous 8 mol% yttria doped zirconia (YZ) supports by the in situ synthesis method. Only non-continuous zeolite films were obtained on the as-synthesized YZ supports (calcined at 450°C). Continuous polycrystalline pure silicalite films, with a thickness of 0.5–0.7 μm, could be grown on the YZ supports pretreated at 700°C. The difference in the oxygen vacancy defect concentrations in these two types of YZ supports is suggested to explain the different results of growing silicalite films. Moreover, defect free 2–3 μm thick silicalite films were also prepared on the α-alumina supports under the same synthesis conditions. The silicalite layer on the YZ support offers a significantly lower mass transfer resistance as compared to that on the alumina support. Single gas permeation data of hydrogen, methane and ethane through these membranes were measured and compared with those of silicalite membranes prepared by other groups. The alumina supported silicalite membranes prepared in this work show better separation factors than the literature values. The zeolite film on the YZ support is less resistant to the stress induced in the step of template removal as compared to the zeolite film on the alumina support.     

多孔管状氧化铝及其负载溴化铝的制备，表征及催化性能

应用棉花为模板,氯化铝为铝源,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了管状γ-氧化铝。通过化学剪裁制备了γ-氧化铝负载的溴化铝催化剂。采用高倍扫描电子显微镜,氮气吸附脱附和X射线衍射分析等技术对其形态,结构以及组成进行表征。实验表明,γ-氧化铝很好地复制棉花的多孔结构,经过化学剪裁,可以得到形态,结构和组分不同的γ-氧化铝负载的溴化铝催化...