铝/镁混合金属氢氧化物正电胶体粒子体系的触变性

采用恒定低剪切速率方法和动态实验方法研究了铝/镁混合金属氢氧化物(MMH)悬浮体的流变性,着重考察了剪切历史和恢复时间等因素对悬浮体触变性的影响,发现MMH粒子深度的增加使得悬浮体从粘性流体变为“类固体”;恒定低剪切速率方法和动态实验方法研究悬浮体的结构恢复过程给出了不同的结果,唯象地解释了MMH悬浮体触变性产生的原因,认为触变性结构是由于粒子间的静电排斥作用而形成的,与粘土悬浮体相比,两者的流变性具有诸多相似之处,只是所带电荷符号相反。     

二氧化硅悬浮体和水解聚丙烯酰胺体系的流变性

研究了二氧化硅悬浮体的流变性。在固体含量较少的情况下, 体系呈Newton型;固体含量达到一定程度以后, 产生三维结构, 为假塑性体系。三维结构的固体含量与pH值有关。实验证实, 在等电点(i,e, p)附近三维结构最为疏松。还研究了水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)对悬浮体流变性能的影响。HPAM破坏了二氧化硅粒子聚集体结构, 呈絮凝体结构, 并出现触变性。当高聚物在固体表面覆盖一半时, 具有最大触变性和动剪切力。HPAM的水解度达到一定程度, 由于对固体粒子由“强”吸附转变为“弱”吸附, 固体粒子“屏蔽”了高分子间的相互作用, 出现了负触变性现象。在流动时粒子会脱附, 静止以后又产生吸附, 这种吸附与脱附是产生负触变性的主要原因。HPAM水解过度或用量过多, 均会减弱负触变性现象。     

pH值对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土悬浮体触变性的影响

研究了pH值对Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物／钠质蒙脱土（简称MMH／MT）悬浮体触变性的影响。发现pH值能影响其触变性类型：m(MMH)/m(MT)(下文中以R表示）较低时（0，0．013和0．051），随着pH增高，体系有由负触变性－复合触变性－正触谱性转变的趋势；而R较高的体系（R＝0．091），随pH的增高，体系由复合触变性向负触变性转化。探讨了各种触变性产生的原因和pH的影响机理。     

Al-Mg MMH正电胶体粒子体系的流变学

研究了铝／镁混合金属氢氧化物（MMH）粒子含量,PH值,电解质等因素对MMH悬浮液流变学的影响,发现MMH粒子浓度的增加使悬浮体从牛顿型流体变为带有屈服值的假塑性流体;在相对很低的粒子浓度（2％）时,通过改变粒子表面化学状态和粒子周围的介质环境可以改变悬浮体的流动形态;MMH悬浮体触变性结构与高PH值时合成锂皂石悬浮体的结构极为相似,是粒子间的静电排斥作用所致。     

Mg-Fe-HTlc对黄原胶流变性的影响

研究了荷负电高分子物质黄原胶(XG)及类水滑石HTlc/XG复合悬浮体系的流体类型及触变性. 结果发现, 供试体系流变曲线都符合Herschel-Bulkley模型. 在0.05～0.20 wt%范围内, 随XG含量增加, XG溶液表现出由假塑性流体到塑性流体的转变, 没有触变性|1.5 wt%纯HTlc悬浮体系为牛顿流体, 无触变性. 当HTlc/XG质量比为29.0～6.5时(复合悬浮体系固含量保持为1.5%), 体系均表现为假塑性流体|除HTlc/XG质量比为29.0体系无触变性外, 其它复合悬浮体系均表现为正触变性.     

羧甲基纤维素钠/蒙脱土悬浮体系的流变性能及其影响因素

考察了蒙脱土(MT)质量分数(w)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/MT质量比(R)、电解质(NaCl、MgCl2和AlCl3)、pH值和温度对MT或CMC/MT悬浮体系流变性能和触变性的影响。 结果表明,随w增加,纯MT悬浮体系的流体类型由近牛顿流体向塑型流体变化,触变类型则由无触变、正触变向复合触变性转变;而CMC/MT悬浮体系仍保持MT体系的正触变塑型流体特征,但屈服值τ0和稠度指数K增加,滞后环面积S和电动电势|ζ|先增加后减小,表现出同步变化。 电解质和实验温度均不改变CMC/MT悬浮体系的正触变性塑型流体特征,但电解质使τ0和K增加,而温度增加使τ0和K减小。 随介质pH值的增加,CMC/MT体系由负触变性变为正触变性,|ζ|增大,S先增加后减小,且在pH=8.46时达到最大。     

剪切速率对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土悬浮体触变性的影响

研究了测定条件对Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物（简称MMH）/钠质蒙脱土（简 称MT）混合悬浮体及纯MT体系触变性的影响，主要考察了高速剪切分散后，剪切速 率（D_L）对粘度（η）～时间（t）变化趋势的影响。发现纯的MT体系和MMH/MT质 量比（R）为0.013的Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/MT体系在所研究的D_L下（10，170，511和1 022 s~(-1)）都呈现为正触变性，D_L不影响触变性类型。R = 0.051的体系，低 D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性，高D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现 正触变性；R = 0.091的体系在低D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现负触变性，在高 D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性。D_L增加，各体系η逐渐降低。对 D_L影响触变性的机理进行了深入探讨。     

剪切速率对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土悬浮体触变性的影响

研究了测定条件对Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物（简称MMH）/钠质蒙脱土（简 称MT）混合悬浮体及纯MT体系触变性的影响，主要考察了高速剪切分散后，剪切速 率（D_L）对粘度（η）～时间（t）变化趋势的影响。发现纯的MT体系和MMH/MT质 量比（R）为0.013的Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/MT体系在所研究的D_L下（10，170，511和1 022 s~(-1)）都呈现为正触变性，D_L不影响触变性类型。R = 0.051的体系，低 D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性，高D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现 正触变性；R = 0.091的体系在低D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现负触变性，在高 D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性。D_L增加，各体系η逐渐降低。对 D_L影响触变性的机理进行了深入探讨。     

Mg-Fe-HTIc／高岭土悬浮体流变性研究

研究了Mg—Fe类水滑石(HTIc)／高岭土(kaolinite)悬浮体的质量比（R)对其流变性和触变性的影响，发现控制剪切速率(D)得到的屈服应力(τy)和控制剪切应力(τ)得到的临界剪切应力(τc)皆随R拘增大先降低后升高．小幅振荡剪切实验发现随R的增大，体系由正触变性转化为复合触变性，其中用小幅振荡剪切法在线性粘弹区发现复合触变性体系还是首次．恒剪切速率(DL)实验发现了震荡现象，即粘度随时间发生周期性升高和降低的变化．震荡现象与DL和R有关，较高的DL和尺可使震荡现象消失．测定粘度随时间变化时采用的低剪切速率(DL)影响体系的触变性类型．根据HTIc和kaolinite粒子间的相互作用对实验结果的机理进行了探讨．     

Mg-Fe-HTlc/高岭土悬浮体流变性研究

研究了Mg-Fe类水滑石(HTlc)/高岭土(kaolinite)悬浮体的质量比(R)对其流变性和触变性的影响, 发现控制剪切速率(D)得到的屈服应力(τ_y)和控制剪切应力(τ)得到的临界剪切应力(τ_c)皆随R的增大先降低后升高. 小幅振荡剪切实验发现随R的增大, 体系由正触变性转化为复合触变性, 其中用小幅振荡剪切法在线性粘弹区发现复合触变性体系还是首次. 恒剪切速率(D_L)实验发现了震荡现象, 即粘度随时间发生周期性升高和降低的变化. 震荡现象与D_L和R有关, 较高的D_L和R可使震荡现象消失. 测定粘度随时间变化时采用的低剪切速率(D_L)影响体系的触变性类型. 根据HTlc和kaolinite粒子间的相互作用对实验结果的机理进行了探讨.     

Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土分散体系触变性研究

研究了Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)/钠质蒙脱土(简称MT)分散体系的触变性,发现在不同MMH/MT质量比(R)条件下,分散体系可分别呈现正触变性和负触变性.在所研究的R范围(0～0.091)内,随R增大,体系的触变性发生正触变性-复合触变性-负触变性的转化.考察了高速剪切分散后,测定粘度变化前的静置时间(ts)和测定粘度时的剪切速率(DL)对触变性的影响.探讨了各种触变性产生的原因,提出了“分散粒子-空间连续网络结构-密实聚集体”和“分散粒子-密实聚集体-密实聚集体簇”机理,较合理地解释了观察到的复合触变现象.     

Mg-Fe-MMH-钠质蒙脱土分散体系的触变性研究

触变性是分散体系一种复杂的流变学性质,指流变性质随剪切时间而发生变化的现象。以往研究过程中,先后发现了切稀现象和切稠现象,即正触变性和负触变性。最近,我们又发现了复合触变性,即一个体系可先后呈现正触变性和负触变性特征。研究了Mg-Fe型混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)-钠质蒙脱土(简称MT)分散体系的触变性,发现在不同MMH/MT质量比条件下,可分别呈现正触变性、负触变性,另外双观察到了复合触变性。在所研究的MMH/MT质量比范围(0～0.5)内,随MMH/MT质量比增大,体系的触变性发生负触变性-正触变性-复合触变性-负触变性的转化。考察了电解质NaCl对触变性的影响,发现不改变触变性的类型。探讨了各种触变性产生的原因,提出了“分散粒子-空间连续网络结构-密实聚集体”机理,较合理地解释了观察到的复合触变现象。     

Influence of pH on the thixotropy of magnesium aluminum hydroxide-kaolinite suspension

The influence of pH on the thixotropy of pure kaolinite suspension and magnesium aluminum hydroxide (Mg-AI-MMH)-kaolinite suspension was studied. The results show that the thixotropic type of pure kaolinite suspension was not affected by pH studied in the range of 3.60-12.00. The thixotropic type of Mg-AI-MMH-kaolinite suspension with mass ratio (R) value of MMH to kaolinite 0.029 transformed from complex thixotropy into positive thixotropy with increasing of pH in the range of pH 3.83-12.00, and the type of thixotropy of Mg-AI-MMH-kaolinite suspension with R = 0.129 transformed from positive thixotropy into complex thixotropy with increasing of pH in the range of pH 3.70-11.96.     

钠型蒙脱土悬浮体和水解聚丙烯酰胺体系的负触变现象

由钠型蒙脱土悬 浮体和水解聚丙烯酰胺组成的体系有负触变现象, 对负触变性的形成条件和影响因素作了初步探讨. 并对微观结构作了一些推测.     

Mg-Al-MMH-高岭土分散体系触变性研究

触变性是分散体系流变学研究的重要内容之一,在外切力作用下,若体系的粘度随时间下降,静止后又恢复,即具有时间因素的切稀现象,称为正触变性（positive thixotropy);反之,若体系的粘度或切力上升,静止后又恢复,即具有时间因素的切稠现象,称之为负触变性（Negative thixotropy)^[1],若在外切力作用下,某个特定体系的粘度或切力随时间先后呈现出正触变性和负触变性特征,则称之为复合触变性（Complex thixotropy)^[2,3],目前,对各种触变性机理的认识尚不统一。     

Thixotropy of Aqueous Suspensions Containing Mg‐Al Hydrotalcite‐like Compound and Low‐substituted Cationic Starch: Comparison between Oscillatory Shear and Thixotropic Loop Measurements

The rheological properties of aqueous suspensions consisting of positively charged aluminum magnesium hydrotalcite‐like compound (HTlc) and low‐substituted cationic starch (LCS) were investigated. Special emphasis was placed on the thixotropic phenomenon. Thixotropic behavior was investigated by two thixotropic methods: thixotropic loop and oscillatory shear measurements. LCS molecules could be adsorbed onto HTlc particles due to the hydrogen bonding between ether groups or hydroxyl groups of LCS and hydroxyl groups of HTlc. The elastic dynamic response of the HTlc/LCS suspension increased with increasing mass ratio (R) of HTlc and a three‐dimensional network structure could be formed in the suspension with higher R value. The thixotropic type of the HTlc/LCS suspension transformed from negative to positive and then to complex thixotropy when R changed from 0 to 0.5. By comparing between the thixotropic results obtained by thixotropic loop and oscillatory shear measurements, it was validated that the thixotropic loop for the suspension showing complex thixotropy had a crossover point.     

Influence of Mg2+ Contents on the Thixotropy of HTlc/MT Suspensions

In this article, we found that the variation of Mg²⁺ content in the Fe-Al-Mg hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) and the change of R values (R_defined = W_HTlc /W_MT) will influence the thixotropic and viscoelastic properties of HTlc/sodium montmorillonite (MT) suspensions. With increasing the content of Mg²⁺ in the HTlc samples, the storage modulus (G′) and the loss modulus (G″) of the HTlc/MT suspensions will increase gradually, which means the structure strength of the HTlc/MT suspension increases with increasing of Mg²⁺ content in the HTlc samples. In addition, the structure strength of the suspensions will increase with increasing of R values. Special emphasis has been laid on the phenomenon of thixotropy. As the gradual increase of the structure strength in the HTlc/MT suspension, the thixotropic types will change accordingly. The mechanism has been discussed emphatically.     

无机电解质及聚合物对Mg-Al混合金属氢氧化物—高岭土分散体系触变性的影响

类水滑石;流变学;无机电解质及聚合物对Mg-Al混合金属氢氧化物—高岭土分散体系触变性的影响     

Influence of Electrolytes on the Thixotropy of Ferric Aluminum Magnesium Hydroxide‐Montmorillonite Suspensions

Abstract

The thixotropy of suspensions consisting of ferric aluminum magnesium hydroxide (Fe‐Al‐Mg‐MMH) and Na‐montmorillonite (MT) is examined with special emphasis on the influence of electrolytes. When NaCl or MgCl₂ is added into the Fe‐Al‐Mg‐MMH/MT suspension, the thixotropy of the suspension may change (if positive) from positive and complex into negative, but NaCl or MgCl₂ can't alter the thixotropic type of a negatively thixotropic suspension. When AlCl₃ was added to positive thixotropic system can be transformed to a complex one, whereas a complex and negative thixotropic suspension remains unchanged, for additions less than 0.01 mol/L; when the addition level of AlCl₃ increases, all types of thixotropic systems are changed to non‐thixotropic. In addition, NaCl and MgCl₂ make the initial viscosity measured after cessation of intensive shearing increase, but the value of the viscosity decreased rapidly with time. The equilibrium viscosity of the suspension decreased gradually with increasing concentrations of NaCl and MgCl₂ in the suspension. With increasing concentration of AlCl₃, the equilibrium viscosities of the positive thixotropic suspension and the complex thixotropic suspension increase at first, but decrease later, and the equilibrium viscosity of negative thixotropic suspensions decrease gradually.     

Study on the thixotropy of aluminum magnesium hydroxide– Na-montmorillonite suspension

 In this paper, the thixotropy of the aqueous suspension consisting of aluminum magnesium hydroxide (AMH) possessing permanent positive charges and Na-montmorillonite possessing permanent negative charges was studied. Besides positive thixotropy and negative thixotropy, a novel thixotropic phenomenon was found, i.e., a given system studied may display, early and late, positive M28.8nthixotropic character and negative thixotropic character, we describe it as “complex thixotropy”. The content of the suspension and electrolyte may influence the forms of thixotropy of the suspension studied. Received: 4 February 1997 Accepted: 15 October 1997