SiO2-AEO凝胶体系的织构特性

采用溶胶－凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）为前驱体,用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（ＡＥＯ）为改性剂制备结构可控的多孔ＳｉＯ２干凝胶。结果表明：通过调节添加量和聚合度以及溶胶老化时间可以对ＳｉＯ２干凝胶织构性质进行有效的调控;采用不同的环境气候对ＳｉＯ２－ＡＥＯ干凝胶进行热处理,则ＡＥＯ表现出不同的热稳定性;经热处理后,ＡＥＯ等有机残留物被脱除的同时,ＳｉＯ２－ＡＥＯ干凝胶柔性骨架得到加强,孔分布更趋集中,干     

用聚合溶胶-凝胶法制备适用于纳米陶瓷膜的SiO2聚合溶胶

用聚合溶胶－凝胶法制备适用于纳米陶瓷膜的ＳｉＯ２聚合溶胶鲍筠赵宏宾盛世善谷景华陈恒荣熊国兴ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳｉＯ２ＰＯＬＹＭＥＲＩＣＳＯＬＳＦＯＲＮＡＮＯＰＯＲＯＵＳＣＥＲＡＭＩＣＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＳＢＹＰＯＬＹＭＥＲＩＣＳＯＬ┐ＧＥＬＭＥＴ...     

γ射线辐照超细铂催化剂的载体效应

用γ射线辐射法制备了铂溶胶和粒径为５ｎｍ的超细铂粉,采用机械混合法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了一系列不同载体的超细铂催化剂,不同载体对提高ＣＯ氧化活性的顺序为：ＭｇＯ〉γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３≥ＺｒＯ２〉ＴｉＯ２〉ＳｉＯ２,其中,由溶胶－凝胶法制备的０．１％Ｐｔ／ＳｉＯ２和０．１％Ｐｔ／ＴｉＯ２的经表面积大,Ｐｔ分散度高,但活性最差,ＸＰＳ结果表明部分表面Ｐｔ＾０和ＴｉＯ２作用生成了ＰｔＯ和Ｔｉ２Ｏ３,并且Ｐｔ的分     

溶胶—凝胶合成（Mg,Ca）O—SiO2：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋发光体及其发光行为

以Ｍｇ（ＮＯ３）２，Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２，Ｅｕ（ＮＯ３）３，Ｂｉ（ＮＯ３）３和Ｓｉ（ＯＣ２Ｈ５）４为反应物，采用溶胶－凝胶法，在比较低的温度，首次合成０．７０１ｍｏｌＭｇＯ－０．１７５ｍｏｌＣａＯ－１．２５ｍｏｌＳｉＯ２：０．０６ｍｏｌＥｕ＾３＋，０．００２ｍｏｌＢｉ＾３＋（加入Ｌｉ＾＋作为电荷补偿剂）发光体，得到了最佳合成条件，研究了由溶胶向凝胶转变和凝胶向发光晶体的转变过程，探讨了发光体在不同激光     

溶胶－凝胶法合成（Mg，Ca）O－SiO_2∶Eu~（3＋），Bi~（3＋）发

以Ｍｇ（ＮＯ３）２、Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２、Ｅｕ（ＮＯ３）３、Ｂｉ（ＮＯ３）３、ＬｉＮＯ３和Ｓｉ（ＯＣ２Ｈ５）４为反应物，采用溶胶－凝胶法，在比较低的温度下，首次合成０．７０１ｍｏＩＭｇＯ－０．１７５ｍｏｌＣａＯ－１．２５ｍｏＩＳｉＯ２∶０．０６ｍｏｌＥｕ（３＋），０．００２ｍｏＩＢｉ（３＋）（加入Ｌｉ＋作为电荷补偿剂）发光体。得到了最佳合成条件。研究了由溶胶向凝胶转变和凝胶向发光晶体的转变过程。探讨了发光体在不同激发波长激发下的发光特性以及在激活剂、敏化剂不同掺杂量下的发光行为。讨论了在（Ｍｇ（ａ）Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２基质中Ｂｉ（３＋）对Ｅｕ（３＋）的能量传递和敏化作用。     

TS—1分子筛晶化过程的研究

采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ,ＴＥＭ,ＸＲＤ,ＦＴ－ＩＲ和ＦＹＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ等技术研究了ＴＳ－１分子筛的晶化过程。结果表明,ＴＳ－１分子筛的晶化过程从无定形ＳｉＯ２颗粒开始生长,以ＳｉＯ２颗粒的外表面为晶核不断发展,晶化过程的第一小时内主要以无定形的ＳｉＯ２－ＴｉＯ２共凝胶颗粒存在,１ｈ后开始迅速形成ＴＳ－１的晶粒,ＴＳ－１晶粒的生成与无定形ＳｉＯ２的消失同时发生,８ｈ后基本上完成ＴＳ－１分子筛的成长,结晶     

二氧化钛基固体超强酸的结构及其光催化氧化性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了多孔性,大比表面积的ＳＯ４＾２－／ＴｉＯ２固体超强催化剂,运用ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ比表面积测定,ＸＰＳ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ反射光谱等技术对该催化剂的结构,表面状态以及半导体特征进行了表征,并通过ＣＨ３Ｂｒ,Ｃ６Ｈ６和Ｃ２Ｈ４等典型有机物的气相光催化氧化反应。     

Ni-P/SiO2催化剂晶化过程及其加氢活性研究

采用化学还原法制备了负载型Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,应用ＩＣＰ、ＢＥＴ、氢氧滴定法、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＸＰＳ研究了上述催化剂在高温晶化过程中的表面结构、表面形貌和表面电子态的变化。测定了Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金晶化前后对其液相苯甲醛加氢反应催化活性和选择性。并讨论了非晶态合金催化剂晶化过程中结构变化对催化性能的影响。     

Ce2O—TiO2／SiO2的制备及除氟性能研究

以ＳｉＯ２为基质，ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２为包覆物质，采用溶胶凝胶法制备ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２表面复合物，并对所制复合物进行除氟测试。用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察表面形貌，讨论实验环境、试剂用量等因素对ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２制备及除氟性能的影响，结果表明：ｎＴｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４／ｎＣｅＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ＝１、ｎＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ／ｎＴｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４＝４５、ｎＣ３Ｈ８Ｏ３／ｎＴｉ（Ｏ４Ｈ９）４＝０３、ＲＨ＝９５％，热处理温度１１０℃时，所制ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２对Ｆ－的吸附容量（ｑ）为２１４ｍｇ／ｇ，去除率（Ｅ）为８５６％。     

超临界干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶的研究

通过溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制得了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶，研究了溶液的ｐＨ值对凝胶时间及气凝胶密度的影响，应用ＸＲＤ、ＳＡＸＳ、ＴＥＭ和等方面对气凝胶样品的结构进行了初步研究，结果表明，ＳｉＯ２气凝胶是连续网络的非晶态纳米多孔固体，其基本粒子的平均直径约１０ｎｍ．     

PEO基锂硫二次聚合物电池

分别对单质硫和PABTH (polyanthra [1 ,9 ,8 -b,c,d,e][4 ,10 ,5 -b ,c ,d ,e ]bis-[1,6,6a(6a-S^Ⅳ)trithia]pentalene)在PEO (polyethylene oxide)基聚合物电解质中的电化学性能进行了研究. 研究发现单质硫和PABTH在PEO基聚合物电解质中都存在放电产物溶解现象, 说明醚基电解液即使以聚合物形式存在(如PEO基聚合物电解质)也不能有效抑制硫电极放电产物的溶解损失. 因此, 必须设计合成具有特定结构的电解质溶剂, 以抑制硫电极放电产物的溶解. 另外, 硫及有机硫化物在PEO基聚合物电解质中的利用率较低, 这主要是由于硫及有机硫化物不是离子导体, Li^＋在硫及有机硫化物中的扩散系数较低, 同时, 传输Li^＋的PEO分子量较大, Li^＋不能被有效传输至材料颗粒的内部. 因此, 全固态聚合物电解质不适合锂硫二次电池, 液态小分子电解质溶剂更有利于锂硫二次电池发挥其高比容量.     

PMMA对聚氧乙烯β转变的影响

对半结晶聚氧乙烯（PEO)/PMMA共混体系的DSC及动态力学行为研究表明：PEO在和PMMA形成半结晶PEO/PMMA共混体系后，其β转变的峰温没有明显移动；β峰只出现在淬炎的半结晶PEO/PMMA共混体系中，而在完全非晶的相容性共混体系以及退火的半结晶共混体系不出现；在β转变区，对应的模量反常地增大，对应的DSC曲线有明显阶跃。可见，半结晶PEO的β转变并不象通常所认为的源于PEO非晶区的玻璃化转变。在接受半结晶PEO及半结晶PEO/PMMA共混体系的PEO结晶区存在结晶-非晶中间相观点的基础上，认为β转变源于PEO结晶区结晶-非晶中间相的玻璃化转变过程。     

Effect of Shear Flow on the Polymeric Gels Formed by Macroscopic Phase Separation

Summary: Shear‐induced phase behavior of poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐(DL ‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PLGA‐PEO) triblock copolymers in water is investigated using rheology and small‐angle neutron scattering equipped with an in situ Couette shear cell. For gels formed by the macroscopic phase separation, the steady shear experiment reveals that the flow‐induced anisotropy on a nanometer length scale at a critical shear rate and the phase separation on a larger length scale are successively induced with a further increase in the shear rate. In particular, the hard gels show a memory effect inscribed by a pre‐high shear in contrast to the soft gels.

2D SANS patterns clearly show the memory effect of the hard gels at a pre‐high shear.     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２ 甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂，并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷 环氧丙烷 环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ ＰＰＯ ＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响，结果表明，一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性，使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高，而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看，能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构，在此条件下，形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小，而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

Specific interactions in blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin): FTIR and thermal study

Blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) of high molecular weight with poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) (PBE) with high epoxy equivalent were studied spectroscopically, thermally and morphologically. As similar systems of low molecular weight, a single T_g was observed for all blends, indicating miscibility. A progressive decrease in the degree of crystallinity and in the size of the PEO spherulites as the PBE is added is also observed. Quantitative analysis from FTIR spectra provided determination of specific interactions between the constituents and their variation with PEO content. Simulations were performed utilising the spectra of the pure polymers to confirm that the observed changes in the experimental spectra of the blends were due to interaction between the polymers.     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂,并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷环氧丙烷环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯＰＰＯＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响,结果表明,一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性,使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高,而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看,能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构,在此条件下,形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小,而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

Synthesis and characterization of PS-block-PEO associative water-soluble polymers

We report the synthesis and structure determination of PS-block-PEO functionalized by fluorocarbon end-group (C₈F₁₇) via an ester bridge. The synthesis was done by an anionic polymerization of PS and POE terminated by grafting 3-perfluorooctylpropanoyle chloride (C₈F₁₇-C₂H₄-COCl) onto PS-POE alcoholate. The structure has been characterized by a number of techniques: size exclusion chromatography, elementary analysis, UV spectroscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. Those analyses have allowed the determination of the real molar mass of the copolymers and the percentage functionalization. Because of their well-defined structure, these copolymers can be used as model compounds for the determination of structure-property relationships.     

Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Formed by Brij 97/PEO‐PPO‐PEO Mixtures

The phase diagrams of Brij 97/(PEO)_m(PPO)_n(PEO)_m/water/IPM quaternary systems (A L‐64: m=13, n=30; A L‐62: m=7, n=32; A L‐61: m=3.5, n=31) were determined at 25°C. The liquid crystalline phases (lamellar L_αand hexagonal H₁) were investigated by means of small angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) and rheological techniques, with comparison of composition and component effects. The lamellar phases formed in Brij 97/A L‐64 and Brij 97/A L‐62 systems array more orderly than that of Brij 97/A L‐61 system, indicated by the stronger intensity of the second reflection peak in the SAXS patterns and the higher moduli (G′ and G″) in the dynamic rheograms. In Brij 97/A L‐64/water/IPM system, all L_α phases exhibit elastic rheograms, moreover the viscous property get increased with increase in water content. On the other hand, with this change, the H₁ phases show Maxwell and gel‐like rheograms in order, in which the latter shows mechanical and relaxation spectra typical of highly structured materials.     

High‐resolution pluronic‐filled microchip CE‐SSCP analysis system via channel width control

Although the resolution of CE‐SSCP has been significantly improved by using a poly(ethyleneoxide)‐poly(propyleneoxide)‐poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO; Pluronic^®) triblock copolymer as a separation medium, CE‐SSCP on a microchip format is not widely applicable because their resolution is limited by short channel length. Therefore, a strategy to improve the resolution in channels of limited lengths is highly required for enabling microchip‐based CE‐SSCP. In this study, we developed a high‐resolution CE‐SSCP microchip system by controlling the width of the pluronic‐filled channel. We tested four different channel widths of 180, 240, 300, and 400 μm, and found that 300 μm showed the highest resolution in the separation of two pathogen specific markers. Potential applications of our method in various genetic analyses were also shown by using SNP markers for spinal muscular atrophy.     

ABA triblock copolymer containing two crystallizable components

A triblock copolymer of the ABA type in which both components were crystallizable was synthesized. The A block was poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and the B block, poly(dimethyl siloxane), PDMS. Upon cooling from the melt to liquid nitrogen temperature, the PEO block crystallized at around 40°C. When the copolymer was heated from ?170°C after quenching, glass transition, crystallization and melting of the PDMS middle block were identified in the thermogram at ?117°C, ?74°C and ?42°C, respectively. The degree of crystallinity of the PDMS block was estimated from the heat of fusion to be about 27%. The growth rates of the PEO spherulites were reduced by the presence of the middle block.