固体超强酸Ce~(4+)-SO_4~(2-)/SnO_2微乳法制备与表征

利用OP-10/正丁醇/环己烷微乳体系制备出固体超强酸Ce4+-SO42-/SnO2.以乙酸正丁酯合成为探针反应,得出Ce4+-SO42-/SnO2的优化制备条件:R=65∶100(表面活性剂∶水)、陈化时间12 h、Ce(SO4)2.4H2O占8%、浸渍浓度3 mol/L、焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间3 h.并采用XRD、FTIR、TG-DTA和SEM表征技术对该催化剂的结构进行研究.     

TiO_2/S_2O_8~(2-)固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应

采用TiO2 S2 O82 -固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应 ,考察了催化剂制备方法及处理催化剂所用的 (NH4 ) 2 S2 O8溶液浓度、催化剂的焙烧温度、用量、反应温度及反应时间等对催化性能的影响 ,得出最佳反应条件。TiO2 S2 O82 -固体超强酸对长叶烯异构化反应具有很高的催化活性和选择性 ,主产物为异长叶烯 ,得率高达约 96%。     

固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2的制备、表征及催化合成D, L-丙交酯

采用沉淀法在不同工艺条件下制备了稀土改性的新型固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2催化剂, 考察了其对D, L-乳酸合成D, L-丙交酯的催化活性, 并通过Hammett指示剂法测定了催化剂的酸强度, 用FT-IR和FT-Raman技术考察了焙烧温度、硫酸浸渍液浓度和浸渍时间以及La2O3的负载量对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响. 研究结果表明: SnO2的存在促进了金红石相TiO2的形成, 在600 ℃焙烧3 h、 3.0 mol/L H2SO4溶液浸渍12 h、 n(Ti4+): n(Sn4+): n(La3+)=1:1:0.05条件下制备的SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2的酸强度最大, 达-13.75以上, 催化合成丙交酯的产率最高(78.4%). 并且考察了催化剂用量对D, L-丙交酯粗产率的影响和催化剂重复使用的性能.     

TiO2／S2O8^2—固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应

采用TiO2/S2O8^2-固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应,考察了催化剂制备方法及处理催化剂所用的（NH4）2S2O8溶液浓度、催化剂的焙烧温度、用量、反应温度及反应时间等对催化性能的影响,得出最佳反应条件。TiO2/S2O8^2-固体超强酸对长叶烯异构化反应具有很高的催化活性和选择性,主产物为异长叶烯,得率高达约96％。     

Sol-gel法制备S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2及其微波辐射下催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

以Zr O(NO3)2和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备固体超强酸S2O82-/Zr O2-Si O2催化剂,以微波辐射下冰醋酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯为探针反应,探究了催化剂制备条件对催化活性的影响及反应条件对酯化反应的影响。运用Hammett指示剂法,BET法,XRD,TEM和FT-IR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的最佳制备条件为nZr∶nSi=1∶10,焙烧时间3.0h,焙烧温度550℃,(NH4)2S2O8浸渍液浓度0.6 mol·L-1。微波辐射下酯化反应最优条件为:醇酸摩尔比2.2∶1,催化剂0.8g,反应时间35min,功率600W,此时产率为93.5%。该法制得的催化剂酸强度H0≤-13.16为超强酸,催化剂比表面较大,Si O2为无定形态,Zr O2为四方晶相,Zr O2在Si O2上分布相对均匀,且Si O2分布较为松散,基本呈多孔网状结构。     

固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3.采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响.FT-IR结果表明在该固体超强酸中,锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合,其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡;和SO2-4/ZrO2型超强酸相比,SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移,显示出更强的酸性.锡铝摩尔比为9∶1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时,制得的SO2-4/SnO2-Al2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好.     

纳米复合锆基固体超强酸的制备及其催化酯化反应

采用改性技术和浸渍—沉淀法制备出纳米固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3。通过正交试验获得催化剂制备的最佳条件,即ω(Al2O3)为2.0%,-15℃陈化24h,浸渍液(NH4)2S2O8浓度为0.8mol/L,焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为3h。用XRD、TEM、BET、TG-DTG和化学分析等手段分析了S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3的晶化过程、比表面积、含硫量和热稳定性,分析结果表明这四个方面对催化剂的酸性有较大影响。500~650℃焙烧温度下制备的催化剂属纳米材料(<41nm),有较大比表面积和较好的热稳定性。以优化的催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3用于催化合成丁酸异丁酯的最佳条件为:n(异丁醇):n(丁酸)=1.8:1.0,催化剂用量为1.0g(以0.3mol丁酸为准),脱水剂环己烷用量为10mL,反应时间为3.0h,催化剂重复使用8次后酯化率仍在90%以上,该催化剂具有催化活性高、不污染环境、可重复使用等特点。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-SnO2-Nd2O3的制备及催化合成乙酸松油酯

稀土;固体超强酸;SO2-4/ZrO2-SnO2-Nd2O3;乙酸松油酯;酯化反应     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3 +催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件:钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件:醇酸摩尔比为1:2、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/SnO_2-Al_2O_3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-A l2O3。采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响。FT-IR结果表明在该固体超强酸中,锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合,其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡;和SO42-/ZrO2型超强酸相比,SO42-/SnO2-A l2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移,显示出更强的酸性。锡铝摩尔比为9∶1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时,制得的SO42-/SnO2-A l2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.