绿色银纳米粒子的共振散射光谱研究

以柠檬酸钠作光还原剂,采用紫外光-可见光二步光化学法制备了绿色银纳米离子,在399.4nm和691.5nm处有二个紫外-可见吸收峰;在340nm,470nm和520nm处有三个共振散射峰,从超分子和纳米粒子这一整体出发,探讨了共振散射光谱产生的原因及银超分子光反应机理。     

(PtI6-2RDG)n缔合纳米微粒体系的共振散射、荧光猝灭和减色效应研究

在0.02mol/L HCl介质中，罗丹明6G（RDG）分别在530nm和550nm处有一个吸收峰和荧光峰，PtI6^2-与RDG^ 主要通过静电引力形成疏水性的PtI6-2RDG缔合物分子。PtI6-2RDG分子间存在较强的分子和和疏水作用力而生成（PtI6-2RDG)n缔合纳米微粒，其粒径为40nm，在400nm、470nm和590nm产生3个共振散射，其中400nm和590nm处的2个峰为其特征共振散射峰，550nm荧光峰和530nm吸收峰的降低是由于纳米微粒形成后，只有裹露在（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒界面的RDG荧光分子才能吸收激发光子跃迁到激发态，进而返回基态产生荧光，而体体相的RDG荧光分子无法与激发光作用产生荧光，即与激发光作用的RDG分子数大为降低。当该纳米微粒体系加入乙醇后，由于乙醇致使（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒分解为PtI6-2RDG分子，体系的红紫色和共振散射峰消失，吸收峰和荧光峰恢复，研究结果表明，红紫色（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒的形成是其共振散射增强、荧光猝灭、减色效应和产生特征共振散射峰的根本原因。     

四苯硼钠-甲苯胺蓝缔合物纳米微粒体系减色效应研究

在PH4.0醋酸-醋酸钠介质中，甲苯胺蓝在600nm处有一个吸收峰，随着四苯硼钠浓度的增大甲苯胺蓝在600nm处吸收峰降低，颜色减弱，这是由于甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠缔合物分子间存在较强的疏水作用及分子间作用力，聚集形成纳米微粒所致，甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠纳米微粒体系亦在600mm处有1个吸收峰，在400mm、470mm和580mm处产生3共振散射峰，其中400mm和580mm为甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠复合纳米微粒产生的特征共振散射峰，这也表明有纳米微粒存在，丙酮浓度的影响实验结果等表明，纳米微粒的形成是产生其减色效应的原因。     

染料分子对硫纳米微粒共振散射光谱的影响

在聚丙烯酰胺存在下液相硫纳米微粒在 470nm处产生 1个强共振散射峰 ;在可见光范围内无吸收峰且吸收值较小。硫微粒质量浓度在 0 0 5～ 1 0mg/L范围内与I4 70nm间有良好线性关系。研究了乙醇、丙酮 ,以及溴酚蓝、溴甲基紫、结晶紫、亮绿等有机染料对硫纳米微粒共振散射的影响。结果发现 ,染料分子吸收是产生共振散射峰的一个重要原因 ;随着染料分子非辐射吸收值的增大 ,硫纳米微粒共振散射光强度降低。实验证明 ,溴酚蓝浓度在 0～ 1 0× 10 -5mol/L范围内 ,在溴酚蓝最大吸收波长 5 90nm处的ΔI590nm与溴酚蓝浓度呈线性关系。     

氯金酸-罗丹明S缔合纳米微粒体系的共振散射增强与荧光猝灭研究

在0．2mol/L HCl介质中，罗丹明S(RDS)分别在520nm和550nm处有一个吸收峰和荧光峰。当有Au(Ⅲ）存在时，Au（Ⅲ）与Cl^-形成AuCl4^-，AuCl^-与RDS^ 借助于静电引力形成疏水性的AuCl4-RDS缔合物分子。AuCl4-RDS分子间存在较强的分子间作用力和疏水作用力而生成(AuCl4-RDS)。缔合纳米微粒，粒径为45nm。在360nm产生瑞利散射峰，在600nm产生共振散射峰。由于纳米微粒形成后，只有裹露在(AuCl4-RDS)n纳米微粒界面的RDS荧光分子才能吸收激发光子跃迁到激发态，进而返回基态产生荧光。而体相的RDS荧光分子无法与激发光作用产生荧光，即受激RDS分子数大为降低，故550nm荧光峰和520nm吸收峰的降低。当缔合纳米微粒体系加入乙醇后，体系的红紫色和共振散射峰消失，吸收峰和荧光峰恢复，由于乙醇致使(AuCl4-RDS)。纳米微粒分解为AuCl4-RDS分子。结果表明：红紫色(AuCl4-RDS)n纳米粒子的形成是其共振散射增强、荧光猝灭和产生共振散射峰的根本原因。     

液相卤化银纳米微粒的界面荧光和共振散射光谱特性

液相卤化银纳米微粒的共振散射光谱和发射光谱表明，AgCl和AgBr纳米微粒均在330，400，470和680nm处产生4个共振散射峰，在340，400和470nm处产生三个荧光峰．Ad纳米微粒在340，400，437，470和680nm处产生5个共振散射峰；除在340，400和470nm处产生3个荧光峰外，在434nm处有一最强的荧光峰．卤化银纳米微粒体系的浓度对共振散射信号的影响与浓度对荧光强度的影响一致，Aga，AgBr和AgI体系的共振散射光信号强度分别约为荧光信号的110，130和80倍，即荧光与共振散射之间存在相关性．提出了液相AgX纳米微粒荧光产生机理，解释了荧光与共振散射之间存在相关性的原因．     

金纳米颗粒的水相法合成及荧光性能

在水溶液中,以PAMAM树形分子为模板,乙醇为还原剂,制备了树形分子包裹的金纳米颗粒,其水溶性好,可以稳定放置1年以上;通过控制Au3+与PAMAM树形分子的摩尔比,可以得到粒径可控的金纳米颗粒,其粒径范围为1～4nm,分别在385和402nm处出现强的共振瑞利光散射峰和荧光峰.室温下,荧光量子产率达到10%以上,比其它文献报道的金纳米颗粒的荧光量子产率高2个数量级以上,这一特性使其在潜指纹识别、光催化等方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

(AgBr)_核·(Ag)_壳纳米粒子的制备及其共振散射光谱研究

以 (AgBr) m 团簇作晶种 ,在柠檬酸钠存在条件下 ,(AgBr) m 团簇表面结合的Ag+被光化学还原而获得土红色的液相 (AgBr) 核·(Ag) 壳 纳米粒子 .研究了 (AgBr) 核·(Ag) 壳 纳米粒子的光谱特性 ,在 51 2nm处有最强共振散射峰 ,在41 0nm处产生一个吸收峰 .结果表明 ,(AgBr) 核·(Ag) 壳 纳米粒子的形成是导致51 2nm共振光散射的根本原因 .     

免疫金铂纳米合金催化共振散射光谱法测定痕量人绒毛膜促性腺激素

以NaBH₄为还原剂, 制备了金与铂物质的量比为49∶1的金铂纳米合金(GP). 用兔抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体(RhCG)修饰AuPt获得了免疫纳米合金探针(GP-RhCG). 在pH 5.8磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液及KCl存在的条件下, GP-RhCG探针发生非特异性聚集, 在590 nm处有一个较强的共振散射峰. 当有人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)存在时, 聚集的GP-RhCG探针与hCG发生特异性结合, 生成分散性较好的GP-RhCG-hCG免疫复合物, 导致590 nm处共振散射峰强度降低. 其共振散射峰强度降低值ΔI_{590 nm}与hCG浓度在6.67～86.7 ng/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系. 免疫反应液中形成的GP-RhCG-hCG免疫复合物对葡萄糖-铜(II)体系具有较强的催化作用, 其产物在610 nm处有一较强共振散射峰. 随着hCG浓度增大, 形成的GP-RhCG-hCG复合物越多, 其催化作用增强, 610 nm处的共振散射峰增强. 其共振散射峰增大值ΔI_{610 nm}与hCG浓度在3.33～133 ng/mL范围内呈线性关系.     

钯纳米微粒的微波高压液相合成及共振散射光谱研究

以柠檬酸钠作为制备钯纳米微粒晶种的还原剂,聚丙烯酰胺作为晶种生长的还原剂和稳定剂,采用微波高压液相合成法制备液相钯纳米粒子。TEM表明,钯纳米粒子呈球形,通过改变柠檬酸钠浓度可获得粒径为6－76nm的钯纳米粒子。柠檬酸在216nm处有一个吸收峰。聚丙烯酰胺在205nm处有一个吸收峰。钯纳米粒子体系在紫外可见光波长范围内无吸收峰,随着波长的降低其吸收增大。粒径为6－76nm的低浓度钯纳米粒子均在470nm、510nm、400nm、800nm和940nm产生五个共振散射峰。     

绿色和黄色银胶的光化学制备及其共振散射光谱研究

研究了不同光源、光照时间、反应物浓度等对绿色银胶形成的影响,分别制备了绿色银胶和黄色银胶.透射电镜显示,它们的平均粒径分别为100nm和40nm.绿色银胶在393.9nm和713.3nm处有两个吸收峰;黄色银胶在419.3nm处有一较宽的吸收峰.它们的最强共振散射峰位于470nm处;绿色银胶在340nm和80nm还有两个小共振峰.     

Ag-CV的表面增强共振散射光谱研究

采用共振散射光谱和紫外可见光谱研究了银胶与结晶紫的相互作用。在ＰＨ为４．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中,奶胶在３４５ｎｍ和７００ｎｍ有两个共振散射峰;当加入带下辈民的阳离子染料结晶紫后,产生表面增强效应,３４５ｎｍ和７００ｎｍ处的共振散身信号大为增强,从而获得灵敏的表面增强共振散射光谱。     

Resonance light scattering properties of Eu3+ in gold colloid

Gold colloidal containing rare-earth ions Eu3+ were prepared at room temperature. Fluorescence spectra and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra of Eu3+ ions and gold colloid containing Eu3+ were measured. For solution containing Eu3+, RLS features show two peaks at the edges of the visible light wavelength region. The short wavelength peak takes place at about 400 nm and the longer wavelength peak is the corresponding 1/2 fraction frequency RLS peak, which takes place at about 780 nm. When gold colloids were added to the solution containing Eu3+, both these two RLS peaks were enhanced. We believe that the energies, which are absorbed by the surface plasmon resonance in the gold nanoparticles, are efficiently transferred into the Eu3+ ions to cause the increased scattering.     

聚丙烯酰胺存在下微波高压合成银纳米粒子及其光谱特性

以聚丙烯酰胺为还原剂和稳定剂 ,采用微波高压液相合成法制备了黄色银纳米粒子。用吸收光谱和共振散射光谱研究了其制备条件的影响。在 4 2 1.6nm处产生最大吸收峰 ,在 4 70nm处产生一个最强共振散射峰。实验表明 :该法制备的银纳米粒子粒径均匀 ,平均粒径为 6 6nm ,其稳定性和分散性较好 ,合成方法简便、快捷。     

Biosynthesis of iron and silver nanoparticles at room temperature using aqueous sorghum bran extracts

Iron and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a rapid, single step, and completely green biosynthetic method employing aqueous sorghum extracts as both the reducing and capping agent. Silver ions were rapidly reduced by the aqueous sorghum bran extracts, leading to the formation of highly crystalline silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10 nm. The diffraction peaks were indexed to the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase of silver. The absorption spectra of colloidal silver nanoparticles showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak centered at a wavelength of 390 nm. Amorphous iron nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm were formed instantaneously under ambient conditions. The reactivity of iron nanoparticles was tested by the H(2)O(2)-catalyzed degradation of bromothymol blue as a model organic contaminant.     

Preparation of silver nanoparticles with controlled particle size

Silver colloids show different colors due to light absorption and scattering in the visible region based on plasmon resonance. The resonance wavelength depends on particle size and shape. Here we report chemical reduction methods for preparation of silver nanoparticles exhibiting multicolor in aqueous solutions. Depending on chemical conditions the obtained nanoparticles are different regarding size and morphology.In order to investigate the relationship between size, stability and color of silver colloids we obtained silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions using different reducing agents. The effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on stabilization of obtained silver colloids was investigated. We have also studied the effect of silver precursor and its concentration on the formation of stable silver colloids.UV-VIS spectrum for silver colloids contains a strong plasmon band near 410 nm, which confirms silver ions reduction to Ag° in the aqueous phase. The formation of metal silver was also confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The diameter size of silver nanoparticles was in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm     

Alga-mediated facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Photophysical,catalytic and antibacterial activity

A facile, convenient and green method has been employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using dried biomass of a green alga, Chlorella ellipsoidea. The phytochemicals from the alga, as a mild and non-toxic source, are believed to serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the appearance of a surface plasmon resonance band at 436 nm and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy images showed the nanoparticles to be nearly spherical in shape with different sizes. A dynamic light scattering study revealed the average particle size to be 220.8 ± 31.3 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the occurrence of alga-derived phytochemicals attached to the outer surface of biogenically accessed silver nanoparticles. The powder X-ray diffraction study revealed the face-centred cubic crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. The as-synthesized biomatrix-loaded AgNPs exhibited a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the hazardous pollutant dyes methylene blue and methyl orange. The catalytic efficiency was sustained even after three reduction cycles. A kinetic study indicated the degradation rates to be pseudo-first order with the degradation rate being 4.72 × 10⁻² min⁻¹ for methylene blue and 3.24 × 10⁻² min⁻¹ for methyl orange. The AgNPs also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against four selected pathogenic bacterial strains.     

Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bio-directed synthesis of metal nanoparticles is gaining importance due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity and eco-friendly nature. We used culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BS-161R for the simple and cost effective green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The reduction of silver ions occurred when silver nitrate solution was treated with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible, TEM, EDAX, FT-IR and XRD spectroscopy. The nanoparticles exhibited an absorption peak around 430 nm, a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band of silver nanoparticles. They were mono-dispersed and spherical in shape with an average particle size of 13 nm. The EDAX analysis showed the presence of elemental silver signal in the synthesized nanoparticles. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the protein component in the form of enzyme nitrate reductase and the rhamnolipids produced by the isolate in the culture supernatant may be responsible for reduction and as a capping material. The XRD spectrum showed the characteristic Bragg peaks of 111, 200, 220 and 311 facets of the face centered cubic silver nanoparticles and confirms that these nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. The prepared silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative and different Candida species at concentrations ranging between 4 and 32 μg ml(-1).     

Luminescence effect of silver nanoparticle in water phase

Yellow silver nanoparticles in water phase were prepared by microwave synthesis method. Study found that there is a fluorescence peak at 465 nm and a strongest resonance scattering peak at 460 nm for the nanoparticles. The resonance scattering intensity at 465 nm I(460 nm). fluorescence intensity at 465 nm F(465)(nm) and absorbance at 455 nm A(455 nm) were found linear to the concentration c(Ag) in the range from 0 to 3.5x10(-4)mol/L Ag, with linear regression equation for I(460 nm)=48.1x10(4) c(Ag)+3.69 and F(465 nm)=28.7x10(4)c(Ag)+3.50 and A(455 nm)1.23x10(4)c(Ag)+0.01, their regression coefficient for 0.9976, 0.9954 and 0.9957, respectively. When the c(Ag) was over 3.5x10(-4)mol/L, the resonance scattering peak and fluorescence peak of 465 nm take place red-shift and display luminescence quenching, but the absorption peak place does not change and the absorption intensity enhances. The paper reports the spectral properties of silver nanoparticles in water phase, and offers the principle of interface luminescence electron to state the luminescence effect of silver nanoparticles.