固体进样-直接测汞仪法测定银精矿汞量

建立了固体进样-直接测汞仪法测定银精矿中汞的分析方法。试样无需进行样品前处理,将银精矿试样直接称量于样品舟中,在氧气气氛中,试样在分解炉中经历干燥和高温热分解,汞被还原成汞原子,再被氧气流带进汞齐化管中进行汞齐化反应,其中的汞被选择性吸附,于900℃加热释放出汞蒸汽,,汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池进行原子吸收测量,方法检出限为0.007μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.77%~3.07%(n=11),加标回收率为98.08%～102.43%。方法操作简单、快速稳定、重现性良好,适合于银精矿中微量汞的测定。     

固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞

建立了固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞含量的方法。铜精矿样品在测汞仪的分解炉中经300℃干燥和750℃高温热分解后,汞被催化分解为汞原子,于850℃齐化成金汞齐。汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池,在波长253.7 nm处测量汞的吸光度,采用标准曲线法计算汞量。方法的线性范围分别为0~1.00,0~100μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限分别为0.10,0.04 ng/g。5个汞含量不同的铜精矿样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.14%~4.35%(n=11),样品加标回收率为92.00%~104.02%。采用该方法分别对2个铜精矿样品和铜精矿国际标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准分析方法测定值和标准物质标示值基本一致。该方法简便、快速、准确,可以作为标准方法推广使用。     

测汞仪固体直接进样测定土壤中总汞

建立测汞仪固体直接进样测定土壤中总汞的检测方法。样品经风干后除去石子和动植物残体等异物,研压过125μm尼龙筛后,采用直接进样测汞技术,在优化的仪器条件下测定。优化的仪器工作条件:载气(氧气)压力为100 kPa,流量为350 mL/min;输入压力为150 kPa;出口压力为7 kPa;输出压力为8 kPa;干燥温度为300℃,干燥时间为30 s;催化温度为600℃,催化时间为60 s;分解温度为800℃,分解时间为150 s;汞齐温度为600℃,汞齐时间为30 s。方法的线性范围为0～3 000 ng/g,线性相关系数为0.999 7,检出限为0.06 ng/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%(n=6),采用该方法测定土壤标准物质,测定值与标准值一致。该方法稳定可靠、操作简单高效、准确、重复性好,可用于土壤中汞的分析。     

电热蒸发-直接进样-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤以及沉积物中汞

采用传统分析仪器测定汞元素,需要对样品进行化学消解,存在操作繁杂、效率低以及易交叉污染等问题。故建立了电热蒸发-直接进样-HGA-100测汞仪测定土壤以及沉积物中汞的方法,无需对样品进行化学前处理,降低环境污染。通过优化HGA-100测汞仪参数条件,汞质量浓度在0~20ng以及20~200ng,相关系数优于0.998,准确称量样品0.05g(精确至0.000 1g),方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,相对标准偏差1.6%~4.6%,加标回收率在90.1%~100%。方法用于对土壤和沉积物标准物质测定,结果与标准值相符。方法高效、准确,可用于测定土壤以及沉积物中的汞。     

电热蒸发-直接进样-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤以及沉积物中汞

采用传统分析仪器测定汞元素,需要对样品进行化学消解,存在操作繁杂、效率低以及易交叉污染等问题。故建立了电热蒸发-直接进样-HGA-100测汞仪测定土壤以及沉积物中汞的方法,无需对样品进行化学前处理,降低环境污染。通过优化HGA-100测汞仪参数条件,汞质量浓度在0~20ng以及20~200ng,相关系数优于0.998,准确称量样品0.05g(精确至0.000 1g),方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,相对标准偏差1.6%~4.6%,加标回收率在90.1%~100%。方法用于对土壤和沉积物标准物质测定,结果与标准值相符。方法高效、准确,可用于测定土壤以及沉积物中的汞。     

直接测汞仪与原子荧光法测定海洋底栖生物中痕量汞的对比研究

使用直接测汞仪和原子荧光光谱仪对海洋底栖生物脉红螺中痕量汞的测定进行了方法对比研究,实验结果表明:直接测汞仪在0~20.0ng和20.0~1 400.0ng范围内均呈良好的二次非线性拟合(R2=1.0000),原子荧光光谱仪在0.025~0.800μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9993)。在取样量相同的情况下,直接测汞仪的方法检出限为9.0×10-4μg/g,优于原子荧光光谱仪的3.9×10-3μg/g。采用国际标准物质贻贝组织(NIST SRM 2976)对比了方法的准确度和精密度,结果表明:直接测汞仪的回收率为97.95%,RSD为1.77%,原子荧光光谱仪的回收率为96.68%,RSD为3.99%。直接测汞仪简便快速,重现性好,准确度高,可用于海洋底栖生物中痕量汞的检测。     

DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞

利用DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞,采用升温加热直接进行热分解、金汞齐反应,采用长、短双检测池,可直接测定固体、液体样品,汞含量在0.n~600.0ng/g范围内的样品都能准确地测定,每个样品测定时间约为5min。测定结果证明方法具有可靠性。     

催化裂解-金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱仪测定土壤样品中总汞含量

为建立采用催化裂解-金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱仪即直接测汞仪测定土壤样品中汞含量的方法,本研究配制汞总量为0~2 ng、0~15 ng和25~1023 ng的三种不同汞浓度系列的标准工作曲线,选取9个土壤样品,3种国家土壤有证标准物质,同一样品分别进行6组平行测定,并抽取3个土壤样品进行3种不同浓度加标回收试验,以对其方法精密度和准确度进行论证。 结果显示：仪器信号值与Hg总量之间均呈良好的线性关系。根据仪器多次测定空白数据结果,按照称样量0.1 g计算,方法最小检出量为0.09 ng/g;平行测定结果相对标准偏差均小于10%,土壤标准物质测定值与标准物质标准参考值均相符,不同浓度的加标回收率范围为78.4%～92.7%。结果表明催化裂解-金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱仪,可用于批量土壤样品中汞含量的快速测定分析,方法的精密度和准确度可满足测定分析要求,且实验过程中无需前处理消煮,操作方便、快速高效。     

DMA-80直接测汞仪测定肥料样品中总汞含量

选择6个化学肥料样品和6个有机肥料样品,利用DMA-80直接测汞仪对肥料中的总汞进行了测定。对同一样品添加3种不同汞浓度汞标准溶液,每组3次重复,测定加标回收率在96.6%~104%;DMA-80直接测汞仪与原子荧光光谱法测定结果之间无显著差异;在实验过程中每个肥料样品利用测汞仪直接进样测定6组平行样,相对标准偏差小于5.0%;根据多次测定空白数据结果计算方法检出限为0.0137 ng。利用DMA-80测汞仪测定肥料中汞含量的方法具有操作简单、快速高效、检出限低等优点,可用于批量肥料样品中汞含量的快速测定分析。     

催化热解-冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中的汞含量

建立冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中汞含量的方法。采用DMA–80直接测汞仪,大米样品经干燥、分解灰化、还原等过程,直接进入冷原子吸收光谱仪进行测量。干燥温度为200℃,热解温度为650℃。该方法的检出限为0.001 ng/g,加标回收率为85.0%～99.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%～3.70%(n=6)。利用标准物质和原子荧光法进行比对试验,测定结果均在误差范围内。该方法测定结果准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于大米中汞含量的测定。     

Determination of mercury and organic mercury contents in Malaysian seafood

The contents of mercury and organic mercury in various types of seafood from various location in Malaysia were determined by neutron activation analysis. Total mercury was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) whilst organic mercury was determined by INAA after chemical separation. Samples were digested in acid media and into the solution was added copper ion and KBr to release organic mercury compound from sulphur component of the tissue. The organic mercury was then extracted into toluene and then treated with cysteine paper to convert the compound into sub-organo-mercury from. The paper was then transferred into polyethylene vials and irradiated in the MINT TRIGA Reactor. Analytical results of organic mercury in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomurus commersoni), shrimp (Peneaus sp.), squid (Loligo sp.) and cockle (Anadara granosa) is in the range of 45%–94% of the total mercury.     

Two-photon excitation of mercury atoms by photodissociation of mercury halides

Photodissociation of HgCl₂, HgBr₂, and Hgl₂ with an ArF laser at 193 nm produces strong fluorescence from highly excited Hg atoms. The experiments indicate that single photon dissociation of the mercuric halide, HgX₂, is followed by the two-photon dissociation of HgX (X² Σ) molecules to produce electronically excited Hg atoms.     

Chalcogenophilicity of mercury

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to investigate the chalcogenophilicity of mercury (Hg) reported recently [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 647-655]. Molecules of different sizes have been studied including ME, [M(EH)(4)](n), M(SH)(3)EH (M = Cd, Hg; E = S, Se, Te; n = 0, 2+) and [Tm(Y)]MEZ complexes (Tm = tris(2-mercapto-1-R-imidzolyl)hydroborato; Y = H, Me, Bu(t); M = Zn, Cd, Hg; E = S, Se, Te; Z = H, Ph). The bonding of Cd and Hg in their complexes depends on the oxidation state of the metal and nature of the ligands. More electronegative ligands form bonds of ionic type with Cd and Hg while less electronegative ligands form bonds that are more covalent. The Cd-ligand bond distances are shorter for the ionic type of bonding and longer for the covalent type of bonding than those of the corresponding Hg-ligand bonds. The variation of this Cd/Hg bonding is in accordance with the ionic and covalent radii of Cd and Hg. The experimentally observed (shorter) Hg-Se and Hg-Te bond distances in [Tm(Bu(t))]HgEPh (E = S, Se, Te) are due to the lower electronegativity of Se and Te, crystal packing, and the presence of a very bulky group. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) for Hg is the highest for Hg-S followed by Hg-Se and Hg-Te regardless of complex type.     

Determination of mercury and mercury compounds in air and other non-corrosive gases

Summary Mercury is adsorbed on cellulose powder and activated charcoal. The contents of the adsorber are burnt in the oxy-hydrogen flame, and the mercury determined by the flameless atomic absorption procedure. The method is applicable to mercury present as metallic vapour, organo mercurical compounds and particulate matter containing adsorbed mercury compounds. The combustion step eliminates all possible non-atomic absorption interferences in the measuring procedure and ensures quantitative recovery of the mercury from the adsorption material.Quantitative adsorption recovery over a wide range of flow rate from 2–200 l/h allows the use of small battery operated pumps for personal monitoring, or vacuum pumps for high speed and large volume sampling. The range of flow rate makes isokinetic sampling conditions possible.

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Bestimmung von Quecksilber und Quecksilberverbindungen in Luft und anderen nicht korrodierenden Gasen

Zusammenfassung Quecksilber wird an Cellulosepulver und Aktivkohle adsorbiert. Der Inhalt des Adsorbers wird in der Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Flamme verbrannt und das Quecksilber durch flammenlose Atomabsorption bestimmt. Die Methode erfa\t Quecksilber als Metalldampf, in Form von Organo-Quecksilberverbindungen sowie Quecksilberverbindungen, die an Staubpartikel adsorbiert sind. Die Verbrennung in der Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Flamme eliminiert Störungen durch nicht-atomare Absorption bei der AAS-Messung und garantiert die quantitative Erfassung des adsorbierten Quecksilbers.Die quantitative Adsorption über einen gro\en Bereich der Durchflu\geschwindigkeit von 2–200 l/h erlaubt batteriebetriebene Pumpen für die Quecksilbermessung am Mann, oder den Einsatz von Vakuumpumpen für die Probenahme bei hoher Durchflu\rate und gro\em Probenvolumen. Der gro\e Bereich der Durchflu\rate gestattet isokinetische Bedingungen für die Probenahme.

     

Simultaneous determination of oxygen and mercury in inorganic and organic mercury compounds

Oxygen and mercury in inorganic and organic mercury compounds are determined simultaneously by a modification of the Schütze-Unterzaucher method. The determination of mercury is not influenced by the presence of sulphur and nitrogen in the samples. In 13 inorganic and organic mercury compounds, oxygen has been determined with an error of less than 0.4% and mercury with an error of less than 0.5%.     

Titrimetric analysis of total mercury ions including mercury(I) ions

A systematic analytical method is proposed and applied to directly determine the total concentration of Hg(II) and Hg(I) ions in water. Experimental results demonstrate that this method provides a low detection limit of 0.05 mM and small relative error within 1.5% in an ion concentration range of 0.2–50 mM. The technique is especially applicable for sample solutions that the traditional titration method like Volhard and EDTA complexation titrimetry could not analyze directly. This method could be employed to analyze solutions in any ratio of Hg(II) and Hg(I) ions including pure Hg(II) or pure Hg(I) ions, exhibiting several advantages, such as simple operation, good reproducibility, and low cost. Correspondence: Xin-Gui Li, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Institute of Materials Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.     

Catalytic microdetermination of mercury

An automatic spectrophotometric reaction-rate method is described for the microdetermination of mercury. The method is based on the catalytic effect of mercury on the reaction of ferrocyanide with nitrosobenzene. The time required for production of a small fixed amount of the violet product as given by a preselected change in the output voltage of a photoconductive circuit, is measured automatically and related directly to the mercury concentration. The possibility of masking interfering ions with EDTA was examined. Amounts of mercury in the range 0.25–2.5 /smg, were determined with relative errors of 1–2% in measurement times of only 15–120 sec. Results obtained with mercurial compounds, treated with bromine water, were within 1–2% of the theoretical values and results obtained with pharmaceutical preparations were within the range assigned to those preparations.