龙口褐煤对氟离子吸附的研究

以龙口褐煤作吸附剂对溶液中Ｆ－的吸附实验,研究吸附剂的吸附量,吸附动力学,吸附模型和溶液ｐＨ值对吸附的影响。结果表明：酸洗褐煤对Ｆ－具有良好的吸附性能,其静态等温吸附符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温方程。     

海藻酸钠-锌自修复水凝胶的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

废水处理中迫切需要制备多重刺激响应和具有自修复性能的吸附剂。基于此,本文选择海藻酸钠（ALG）和锌离子（Zn2+）为原料,通过一步法快速（仅2s）制备了超分子水凝胶。所制备的水凝胶显示出多重刺激（pH,金属盐等）响应性和自修复性能,这对吸附有机污染物至关重要。选择亚甲基蓝（MB）为模型染料研究了水凝胶的吸附性能。水凝胶对MB的最大吸附量为5.3 mg/g,对低浓度污染物具有良好的吸附能力（去除率超过80％）。吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程,Freundlich模型能很好地拟合等温吸附过程,表明ALG-Zn水凝胶对MB的吸附以多层吸附为主。制备出的ALG-Zn水凝胶适合作为吸附剂应用于废水处理。     

球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

以离子液体([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,丙烯酸为单体,对纤维素进行均相接枝共聚,并采用油包水反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素吸附剂。采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附剂对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能,包括各种因素(溶液pH值,溶液初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度)对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,适当提高溶液pH值,增加溶液初始浓度,以及延长吸附时间都有利于改善吸附效果;球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的具有很好的吸附性并具有良好的再生性能,可以循环使用。     

吸附型“人工肝”辅助材料的合成及其性能研究Ⅰ大孔吸附树脂对芳香氨基酸的吸附性能

合成了苯乙烯型大孔吸附剂（MacroreticularAdsorbentMA）测定其孔结构参数，考察吸附剂对芳香氨基酸的吸附性能。实验结果表明，MA－2型吸附剂对芳香氨基酸具有特异性吸附，而对支链氨基酸吸附为非特异性吸附，其血液相容性良好。     

Mg／A1型水滑石吸附硼的实验研究

采用共沉淀法制备了几种不同摩尔比的镁铝水滑石（LDHs）,并对其进行了XRD．FT-IR表征．将其应用于吸附溶液中的硼,比较了它们对硼的吸附容量,最终选择了具有较高吸附容量的Mg4Al-LDH作为硼吸附剂．对Mg4Al-LDH吸附硼的实验条件进行了系统研究,得到了较高吸附容量下的实验条件．试验结果表明该等温吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温模型准确描述．     

生物碳质吸附剂对水中有机污染物的吸附作用及机理

以松针为生物质代表,通过控制不同炭化温度（100～700℃）,制备了一系列生物碳质吸附剂,表征了其结构和表面特征;以4-硝基甲苯为目标,探讨吸附剂在水中对有机污染物的吸附性能、机理及与其结构特征之间的定量关系,为制备经济高效吸附剂和预测其吸附性能与机制提供理论依据．结果表明,生物碳质吸附剂的芳香性随炭化温度的升高而急剧增加、极性指数（（N＋O）/C）则急剧降低,逐渐从“软碳质”过渡到“硬碳质”,同时其比表面积则迅速增大．生物碳质吸附剂对水中4-硝基甲苯具有强的吸附能力,等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich方程,N指数和1gKf与其芳香性呈良好的线性关系．定量描述了分配作用与表面吸附对生物碳质总的吸附作用的贡献．表面吸附的贡献量随炭化温度升高而迅速增大,表面饱和吸附量与吸附剂的比表面积呈良好的线性正关系;硬碳质吸附剂的最大表面吸附量（Qmax,SA）与理论计算值（2．45μmol／m^2）相当,而软碳质吸附剂的Qmax．SA值则高于理论值．生物碳质的分配作用（Kom）取决于分配介质与有机污染物的“匹配性”和“有效性”,Kom值随（N＋O）/C降低呈现先升高后降低的趋势．     

N503萃淋树脂吸萃铟的研究

考察了Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂在盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸－溴化钠体系中对铟的吸萃性能，研究了Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂在氢溴酸体系中吸萃铟的动力学和机理，发现Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂吸萃铟的反应按假一级反应进行，并符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附式。吸附平衡和红外光谱研究发现Ｎ_（５０３）萃淋树脂吸附铟的反应按下式进行：     

以铜离子为模板的褐藻酸凝胶对铜离子的选择性富集研究

以铜离子为模板，制备了褐藻酸凝胶（Cu-alginate)，通过吸附实验及过柱渗滤实验，试验了该吸附剂对铜离子的选择性吸附性能，并且采用该吸附剂富集了自来水中微量的Cu^2 ，结合原子吸收法测定了水样中Cu^2 的含量。结果表明：该吸附剂对Cu^2 有较高的选择性吸附性能，显著优于一些化学合成铜离子模板缩聚物及非铜模板褐藻酸凝胶（如Ca-alginate),非重金属离子（如K^ 、Na^ 、Ca^2 ）及某些重金属离子（如Ni^2 、Cd^2 ）等对Cu^2 的吸附均不产生明显干扰。用该吸附剂富集水中的微量铜离子，回收率可达97.7%。     

改性凹凸棒的制备及对砷离子的吸附研究

针对日益严重的砷离子污染问题，本文采用灵敏简便的原子荧光分析法，探究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附剂对砷离子的吸附性能，测定了pH、吸附时间、砷离子的初始浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土负载铁氧化物对砷离子吸附能力的影响，并通过SEM、EDX、FTIR对所制得的吸附剂进行了表征研究，同时进行了吸附动力学和吸附等温模型的分析。研究结果表明，改性后的凹凸棒对砷离子的吸附性能有了显著提升，在较低浓度时吸附效率可达98%，该吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。     

磁性海藻酸钠三互穿网络水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附

以海藻酸钠为水凝胶骨架材料,以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和质子化壳聚糖（CTS）为强度增强材料,制备磁性水凝胶球吸附剂Fe3O4@SA@CMC@CTS,研究其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附特性,考察吸附时间、MB 初始浓度、离子强度、吸附剂加入量等对凝胶球吸附性能的影响;引入吸附动力学和热力学模型对吸附过程进行分析,并采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、Zeta 电位、磁滞回线和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对凝胶球特征及吸附机理进行综合分析。结果表明：在25 ℃、质量浓度为700 mg/L的MB溶液、凝胶球用量为0.2 g/L的条件下,平衡吸附量为2143.0 mg/g;700 mg/L的MB溶液最佳凝胶球投加量为 0.4 g/L,重复利用5次后,吸附量仍高达1228.4 mg/g。动力学拟合显示该吸附过程更符合准一级动力学模型,等温拟合表明Freundlich 吸附等温方程可以更好地描述该吸附过程。     

Composite adsorbents based on inorganic salts for the rapid preconcentration of low-molecular polar organic compounds from humid air followed by gas chromatographic determination

The regularities of the retention of organic vapors on composite adsorbents based on inorganic salts are determined. It is found out that such adsorbents possess very high adsorption capacity relative to low-molecular polar organic compounds and can be used for their adsorption preconcentration from an air flow, followed by thermal desorption and gas-chromatographic determination. To reduce the detection limits of analytes in humid air, a two-column system of adsorption preconcentration is proposed, involving passage of an air sample through two columns connected in a series, one with a KF-based desiccant and another with a Mg(ClO₄)₂-based adsorbent.     

盐/甲醇体系荧光光谱的分析和指认

研究了CaCl2、LiCl和Ca(NO3)2在甲醇溶液中的荧光光谱,并对溶液中可能的团簇构型采用密度泛函理论和含时(TD)密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法进行结构优化和激发能计算.实验结果表明CaCl2和LiCl与甲醇形成了具有荧光性质的簇合物,且随着CaCl2和LiCl浓度的增加溶液的荧光强度整体呈增强趋势,而Ca(NO3)2与甲醇相互作用使甲醇发生荧光猝灭.理论计算得到盐/甲醇溶液中可能存在多种簇合物,但能使甲醇溶液荧光增强的团簇构型主要为[CaCl(CH3OH)n]+和LiCl(CH3OH)n,而NO3-与甲醇通过氢键作用形成簇合物的振荡强度几乎为零,解释了NO3-使甲醇发生荧光猝灭的现象.     

氯化锂为添加剂制得的疏水聚偏氟乙烯不对称微孔膜的形态结构及其膜蒸馏性能

结合膜的形态结构研究了以 LiCl为添加剂制得的疏水 PVDF膜的膜蒸馏性能。与来用水溶液高分子添加剂制得的PVDF微孔膜相比,膜蒸馏性能有了较大提高,尤其具有更高的截留率。制得的微孔膜的蒸馏通量已接近商品膜的膜蒸馏通量,表明以LiCl为添加剂制得的PVDF疏水微孔膜是一种适用于膜蒸馏的较理想的疏水微孔膜。     

Mechanochemical synthesis and some properties of dispersed lithium niobate

Interactions in the lithium carbonate-niobium pentoxide system upon mechanochemical treatment (MChT) in air and in water are studied. The products are examined using differential thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses; IR, Raman, and electron spectroscopy; nitrogen adsorption; and electron micros-copy. Activation of the reagents and direct mechanochemical synthesis of lithium metaniobate (LMN) were found to occur at 600–850 and 1000 rpm, respectively. Lithium metaniobate prepared by MChT has high dispersion, defect structure, and increased photocatalytic activity.     

Kinetic modeling of novel solid desiccant based on PVA-LiCl electrospun nanofibrous membrane

A new polymer-based composite desiccant, Polyvinyl alcohol-LiCl nanofibrous membrane (PVA-LiCl NFM), has been prepared by the electrospinning technique. The newly-developed desiccant membrane not only has large moisture adsorption capacity, fast moisture adsorption rate and favorable stability, but also is featured by its low regeneration temperature. In this work, adsorption and desorption kinetic models are explored for PVA-LiCl NFMs, which include the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second order model based on the rate law and a diffusion model based on the Fick's law. The results indicate that the moisture adsorption and desorption kinetics of the PVA-LiCl NFMs follow the pseudo-second-order law very well. As the key parameters in the diffusion model, the equilibrium adsorption capacity and the diffusion coefficient are focused on, and they can be well determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model and the radial-basis-functions artificial neural network (RBFANN) model, respectively. Finally, the adsorption and desorption activation energy of the PVA-LiCl NFM with a 0.15 mass ratio of LiCl to PVA are recognized as 24.36 and 26.52 kJ/mol, respectively. The work is of great importance to the better application of the newly-developed desiccant material (PVA-LiCl NFM).     

以除尘灰分离碳粉制备活性炭的新方法研究

利用除尘灰分离碳粉作原料,采用添加适量化学药品KOH的方法制备颗粒活性炭。研究了随着KOH加入量的变化,活性炭性能和对苯的吸附量的变化规律,以及KOH的加入量对活性炭的微晶结构和表面形貌产生的影响。并探讨了添加剂在活性炭制备的炭化和活化阶段的产生的影响。实验结果表明在KOH加入量为1.5%时,碘吸附值、比表面积和对苯的吸附量达到最高值,KOH过量反而对吸附性能有负面影响。     

Effect of Enzyme Modification of Corn Grits on their Properties as an Adsorbent in a Skarstrom Pressure Swing Cycle Dryer

Corn grits have been tested as a desiccant in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to produce dry air. Two sizes of unmodified corn grits were tested in the PSA system: 2.16 and 0.978 mm in diameter, which dried moist air to dew points of –42°C and –69°C, respectively. A modification technology has been developed for the corn grits that gives an increase in the operational adsorptive capacity in a pressure swing adsorption system, so that they remove as much moisture from air as molecular sieves at the same conditions. After modification, 2.16 mm corn grits dry moist air to a –56°C dew point and the 0.978 mm corn grits dry air to a –80°C dew point. The modification process creates surface modifications on the corn grits apparently making more adsorption sites easily available. The modification procedure increases the specific surface area of the grits and possibly decreases the crystallinity, which would make more hydroxyl groups available for adsorption of water. Possible applications of using corn grits in the pressure swing adsorption system include industrial gas dryers, sorptive cooling air conditioners, and recycling equipment for industrial solvents.     

Adsorption behaviour of a quinidine carbamate-based chiral stationary phase: Role of the additive

In this study, we incorporate the additive properties into the theoretical model of a general preparative chromatographic system; this is normally not done and this limits a proper process optimization. As a model phase system, we used the adsorption of 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl-allylglycine (Fmoc-allylglycine) enantiomers on a quinidine carbamate-based chiral stationary phase (anion exchanger) together with a methanol–glacial acetic acid–ammonium acetate eluent. The inverse method was used to measure the competitive adsorption isotherms of both the Fmoc-allylglycine enantiomers as well as the non-detectable additive acetic acid. It was concluded that this enantioselective preparative system is well described by a non-heterogeneous adsorption model and that the loading capacity is very high. The proposed model is valid over a wide range of additive concentrations, which is important for process optimization.     

阴极限制型Li／SOCl2电池过放电产物的热分析

Li/SOCl_2电池体系以其高比能量和优异的放电性能引起了电源界的重视。有关该体系的不安全行为曾有一些研究。本文用DSC、EDAX、XPS等方法分析了电池的反应产物和热敏性,和模拟组分对比,以图找出引起电池热失控爆炸的原因。     

Preparation of nano-dispersed lithium niobate by mechanochemical route

Interaction in the system of lithium carbonate–niobium pentoxide during mechanochemical treatment in air and water has been studied. Prepared samples have been investigated with the help of DTA–TG, XRD, FTIR, Raman, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, adsorption–desorption of nitrogen and TEM. Activation of reagents and direct mechanochemical synthesis are observed at 600–850 and 1,000 rpm, respectively. Lithium metaniobate samples prepared via milling possess high dispersity, defective structure, and improved photocatalytic activity, including under visible illumination.