无配体、在空气下Pd(OAc)_2催化的Heck反应研究

研究了无配体、空气下Pd(OAc)2催化的Heck反应.多种芳基碘化物、芳基溴化物可以与烯丙基醋酸酯、丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯等烯基化合物在Pd(OAc)2催化下发生Heck反应.该反应不需要配体的加入,在空气中就可以进行.讨论了碱、添加剂、溶剂、催化剂等因素对反应产率的影响.该反应的最优化条件是:Pd(OAc)2(5mol%)为催化剂,Ag2CO3(0.6equiv.)为添加剂,以苯或甲苯为溶剂空气中回流12h,芳基碘化物、芳基溴化物可以顺利地与烯丙基醋酸酯、丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯等烯基化合物发生Heck反应,以较高的产率得到目标产物.     

氟喹诺酮作为钯催化Heck反应有效配体的研究

研究了氟喹诺酮作为钯催化Heck反应的有效配体. 碘苯、溴苯和其它芳基卤衍生物与丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯等取代乙烯类化合物在钯和氟喹诺酮的催化下发生Heck反应. 讨论了配体、催化剂用量、碱和溶剂对Heck反应产率的影响. 该反应的最优化条件是: 钯源为Pd(OAc)2 (0.1 mol%), 诺氟沙星作为配体(0.2 mol%), K2CO3作为碱, DMA作为溶剂, 取代碘苯及溴苯和它们的衍生物与丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯等乙烯基化合物的反应均可以得到高收率的目标偶联产物.     

丙酮为溶剂Pd(OAc)2催化的Heck反应研究

研究了无需外加配体、在丙酮溶剂中Pd(OAc)2催化的Heck反应.得到的反应最优结果是:Pd( OAc)2(1 mol%)为催化剂,K2CO3(1.2 equiv.)为添加剂,以廉价易得的丙酮为溶剂,在100℃下各种碘代芳烃(1equiv.)可以顺利地与丙烯酸乙酯、苯乙烯和乙烯环已烷等烯基化合物(2 equiv.)发...     

Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OTf)2在离子液体BMImPF6中催化苯乙烯二聚反应的研究

在离子液体BMImPF₆中, 用不同的钯催化剂和Lewis酸三氟甲磺酸铜Cu(OTf)₂共催化苯乙烯二聚反应, 发现用Pd(OAc)₂/Cu(OTf)₂作催化剂, Pd/Cu物质的量之比为1～4时, 可高产率高选择性地获得苯乙烯二聚产物1,3-二苯基-1-丁烯. BMImPF₆对催化剂有较好的溶解性, 可固定催化剂体系, 使催化剂有效地与产品分离. 同时, α-甲基苯乙烯的二聚反应表明, 室温下不发生反应, 提高温度有利于反应进行.     

无配体参与钯催化烯烃与芳基三烷氧基硅烷的交叉偶联反应

考察了钯催化下一系列烯烃化合物与不同芳基三烷氧基硅烷的反应,发展了一种新型无配体参与的Heck类型反应方法.研究表明:以Pd(OAc)2为催化剂,在K2CO3,n-Bu4NF 3H2O和AgOAc存在下,该Heck类型反应能够得到中等及优良的偶联产率,并且表现出较高的区域选择性和立体选择性.根据实验结果以及相关文献,对该Heck类型偶联反应的可能机理进行了探讨.     

醋酸钯催化甲苯中无配体的 Suzuki 反应

 报道了一种甲苯中醋酸钯催化无配体的 Suzuki 反应体系. 以 K₃PO₄·7H₂O 为碱, 在该体系中可高效进行芳基溴代物和芳基硼酸的 Suzuki 反应, 且具有反应条件温和、无需惰性气体保护等特点. 在 n(ArBr) = 0.5 mmol, n(ArB(OH)₂) = 0.75 mmol, x(Pd(OAc)₂) = 1 mol%, n(K₃PO₄·7H₂O) = 1.0 mmol, v(甲苯) = 2 ml 的优化条件下, 4-溴硝基苯和苯硼酸在 75 °C 反应 5 min, 分离收率即达 99%, TOF 高达 1 188 h?1.     

MCM-41固载胺钯配合物的制备及对Heck反应催化性能的研究

以MCM-41分子筛作为固载材料, 经氨基功能化后与各种钯化合物形成一系列MCM-41载钯配合物, 采用XRD, XPS等技术对其结构及表面性能进行了表征, 研究了催化剂的制备条件等因素对催化Heck芳基化反应性能的影响; 以共轭烯烃和各种芳基碘的Heck芳基化反应考察了MCM～NH₂•Pd(0, II)配合物的催化性能. 结果表明, MCM-41的结构没有被破坏, MCM～NH₂载钯配合物具有较高的催化活性和立体选择性, 在较低的温度(70～90 ℃)下, 可高产率地生成一系列取代的反式产物.     

无水二氯化镍催化下醋酸烯丙酯与亚磷酸二酯的反应

利用Pd(O)催化下R~2R~3P(O)H(R~2,R~3=烷基、芳基、烷氧基)与芳基溴,烯基溴以及丁二烯反应合成芳基、烯基和烯丙基膦酸酯近年来有较多报道,但后者产率仅为10%。Fiaud曾报道了二苯基膦锂和醋酸烯丙酯的反应,但烯丙基膦化合物产率低于15%。我们曾发现醋酸烯丙酯在O,N-二(三甲硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)存在下,用Ni(cod)_3为催化剂与亚磷酸二酯反应,高产率地得到了烯丙基膦酸酯,而Pd(PPh_3)_4不能催化这个反应。我们认为反应的关键是亚磷酸二酯首先与BSA反应生成O,O-二烷基-O-三甲硅基亚磷酸酯     

腐植酸负载Pd/Ni双金属催化剂对Heck反应催化性能的研究

制备了腐植酸负载Pd/Ni双金属催化剂, 该催化剂能够成功催化溴苯与丙烯酸、苯乙烯等乙烯基化合物的Heck反应, 产率均在85%以上; 催化剂能够不同程度地重复使用, 在催化溴苯与丙烯酸反应中, 催化剂重复使用3次后仍可得到42.9%的产率, 而在催化溴苯与苯乙烯反应中, 催化剂重复使用7次后也可得到26.7%的产率; 并且对不同取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的反应也有很好的催化活性.     

无机锌盐催化脂肪醛的Biginelli反应

以无水乙醇为溶剂, 在回流温度下, 考察了四种无机锌盐[Zn(NO₃)₂, ZnSO₄, ZnCl₂及Zn(OAc)₂]催化脂肪醛的Biginelli反应的催化能力, 所用原料为7种脂肪醛、1,3-二羰基化合物和脲. 实验结果表明硝酸锌的催化效果强于其它三种无机锌盐, 产率最高可以达到94%. FTIR和¹H NMR分析结果证实了所合成的目标产物. 该反应操作简单、催化剂廉价易得.     

Recyclable and reusable Pd(OAc)2/PPh3/PEG‐2000 system for homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids under air without base

A stable and efficient Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃/PEG‐2000 catalytic system for homocoupling of arylboronic acids has been developed. In the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ and PPh₃, the homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids was carried out smoothly in PEG‐2000 at 70 °C under air without base to afford a variety of symmetric biaryls in good to excellent yields. The isolation of the products was readily performed by extraction with diethyl ether, and the Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃/PEG‐2000 system could be easily recycled and reused six times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Highly chemoselective hydrogenation method using novel finely dispersed palladium catalyst on silk-fibroin: its preparation and activity

A palladium-fibroin complex (Pd/Fib) was prepared by soaking silk-fibroin in MeOH solution of Pd(OAc)₂ for 2 days (under Ar atmosphere)—4 days (under air). Pd(OAc)₂ was gradually absorbed by fibroin and the rapid reduction of fibroin conjugated Pd(OAc)₂ proceeded with MeOH as a reductant at room temperature to be the Pd(0) complex. Pd/Fib catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of acetylenes, olefins and azides in the presence of aromatic ketones and aldehydes, halides, N-Cbz protective groups and benzyl esters which are readily hydrogenated using Pd/C or Pd/C(en) as a catalyst.     

Pd(OAc)2 promoted bis-N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative transformation of aldehydes

The bis-N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed (bis-NHC-catalyzed) oxidative transformation of aldehydes was successfully studied in water under air. The reaction rate increased through the use of Pd(OAc)₂ as an additive. Notably, the catalytic system exhibited good tolerance toward aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes bearing halide and alkyl functional groups. In addition, gram-scale reaction was also tested in this study. The use of water and operational simplicity make this methodology environmentally benign and cost-effective.     

A convenient synthesis of dihydrocoumarins from phenols and cinnamic acid derivatives

A facile procedure for synthesis of dihydrocoumarin derivatives was described. Although the yield of the products in the reaction of phenols with acrylates in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ giving coumarins was found to be very low, dihydrocoumarin derivatives were obtained in good to high yields in the absence of Pd(OAc)₂ when ethyl cinnamates bearing electron-donating groups were employed in this reaction.     

Selective and efficient oxidation of ethylene to ethylene glycol acetates with H2O2 catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2-di(2-pyridyl)ketone-di(2-pyridyl)methanesulfonate system

Novel systems for palladium-catalyzed selective oxidation of ethylene to a mixture of ethylene glycol mono- and di-acetates as the major reaction products (90-95% selectivity) with H₂O₂ in acetic acid solution at ambient pressure and 20 °C were developed. The catalytic reaction is very efficient with up to 90% combined yield of glycol acetates with H₂O₂ as a limiting reagent and 1 mol% catalyst loading. The catalytic systems developed are comprised of a mixture of Pd(OAc)₂, and 6-methyl substituted (2-pyridyl)methanesulfonate and/or di(6-pyridyl)ketone ligands. Compositions of the binary, Pd(OAc)₂-dpk, Pd(OAc)₂-Me-dpms, and ternary, Pd(OAc)₂-dpk-Me-dpms, systems have been studied by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. Kinetics studies were performed as well and plausible reaction mechanism was suggested, which features facially chelating ligand-enabled facile oxidation of Pd^IIC₂H₄OAc intermediates with H₂O₂ to form Pd^IVC₂H₄OAc transients.     

Reaction of coordinated phosphines: VI. Divalent palladium promoted cleavage of carbon—phosphorus bonds in tertiary phosphines

The important role of divalent palladium in the cleavage of carbon—phosphorus bond of tertiary phosphines is revealed by the study of the phenylation in the Pd(OAc)₂Ph₃P-styrene system under various conditions; reaction atmosphere, ratio of Ph₃P/Pd(OAc)₂, and addition of ethanol or Cu^II(OAc)₂ · H₂O.     

Pd(OAc)2@SBA‐15/PrEn nanoreactor: a highly active,reusable and selective phosphine‐free catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in aqueous media

A series of ordered mesoporous organic–inorganic hybrid material was designed by using the amine‐functionalized SBA‐15 (PdX₂@SBA‐15/N_Y, Y = 1, 2) as solid support for palladium complexes. Among them, the Pd(OAc)₂/ethylenediamine complex encapsulated into SBA‐15 (Pd(OAc)₂@SBA‐15/PrEn or Pd(OAc)₂@SBA‐15/PrNHEtNH₂) exhibits higher activity and selectivity toward Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction under aerobic conditions and water solvent mixture. The SBA‐15/PrEn supported palladium pre‐catalyst could be separated easily from reaction products and used repetitively several times, showing its superiority over homogeneous catalysts for industrial and chemical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of the Transient Reactive Pd(IV) Intermediate in the Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction System by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Pd‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction was of great importance in the aromatic C? H activation and the formation of new C? O and C? C bonds. Sanford has pioneered practical, directed C? H activation reactions employing Pd(OAc)₂ as catalyst since 2004. However, until now, the speculated reactive Pd(IV) transient intermediates in these reactions have not been isolated or directly detected from reaction solution. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) was used to intercept and characterize the reactive Pd(IV) transient intermediates in the solutions of Pd(OAc)₂‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. In this study, the Pd(IV) transient intermediates were detected from the solution of Pd(OAc)₂‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions by ESI‐MS and the MS/MS of the intercepted Pd(IV) transient intermediate in reaction system was the same with the synthesized authentic Pd(IV) complex. Our ESI‐MS(/MS) studies confirmed the presence of Pd(IV) reaction transient intermediates. Most interestingly, the MS/MS of Pd(IV) transient intermediates showed the reductive elimination reactivity to Pd(II) complexes with new C? O bond formation into product in gas phase, which was consistent with the proposed reactivity of the Pd(IV) transient intermediates in solution.     

A simple phenylation of heteroaromatic compounds using diphenyliodonium triflate

In this study a novel method for direct synthesis of 2-phenyl heteroaromatic arenes was successfully developed. The title compounds were synthesized by reaction of heteroaromatic compounds with diphenylene iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of 5?mol% Pd(OAc)₂ under mild reaction conditions (THF, 60?°C, 24?h). The proposed reaction mechanism was studied by HPLC.