还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜负载金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极检测双酚A

以水合肼为还原剂,采用均相还原法制备还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合材料(rGO-MWCNTs),通过滴涂法将其修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面.以此复合材料为载体,采用电化学方法制备了金纳米粒子-还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极(AuNPs-rGO-MWCNTs/GCE).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱技术和电化学方法对此电极进行了表征.研究了双酚A在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,此电极对双酚A的电极过程具有良好的电化学活性,在0.10 mol/L PBS溶液(pH 7.0)中,微分脉冲伏安法测定双酚A的线性范围为5.0 × 10-9~1.0 × 10-7 mol/L和1.0 × 10-7~2.0 × 10-5 mol/L,检出限为1.0 ×10-9 mol/L(S/N=3). 将此电极用于模拟水样和超市购物小票样品中双酚A含量的测定,加标回收率分别为97%~110%和98%~104%.     

聚L-谷氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

用循环伏安法制备了聚L-谷氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚L-谷氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定多巴胺的新方法。在pH 7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,用循环伏安法测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-4~4.0×10-8mol.L-1,检出限为5.0×10-9mol.L-1。该法用于药剂中多巴胺的测定,结果满意。     

以接枝酪蛋白与聚吡咯为复合载体的葡萄糖氧化酶电极的研究

通过多步电化学聚合的方法,合成了以接枝酪蛋白与聚吡咯为复合载体的葡萄糖氧化酶电极,研究了工作电位、底物浓度、温度、溶液pH对电极电化学响应特性的影响,以及电极的灵敏性、专一性和重复性实验。实验结果表明:该酶电极的线性响应范围为1.0×10-6～1.43×10-2mol/L,其检出限为1.0×10-7mol/L,响应时间仅为8s,使用寿命超过1个月,并具有优良的重复性和高选择性。     

微型多酚氧化酶电极的研制及其应用

研制了一种微型多酚氧化酶修饰电极,研究了神经递质多巴胺(DA)在电极上的电化学行为。在pH 6.8的磷酸盐中,DA在生物传感器上的线性范围为2.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol.L-1,检出限(3σ)为6.0×10-7mol.L-1。用这种传感器测定了多巴胺注射液中多巴胺的含量,测定结果的RSD值小于3%,回收率在95%~110%之间。     

碳棒涂膜式离子选择电极的研究 Ⅱ.13,14-苯并-1,4,8,11-(15-冠硫醚-4)(TTX)-PVC膜银电极的研制

用合成的13,14-苯并-1,4,8,11-(15-冠硫醚-4)(TTX)为中性载体,溶于加有增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的聚氯乙烯(PVC)四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中制成涂膜溶液,将溶液涂布于石墨碳棒上制成银电极.其对银离子的线性响应范围为5×10~(-6)～1×10~(-1)mol·dm~(-3)检出下限为1×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3),响应斜率为65mV,对Hg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的选择性系数分别为8×10~(-2)、5×10~(-3)、1×10~(-4)、5×10~(-4)、1×10~(-5),pH适用范围为1.0～5.5,内阻小于1MΩ.通过实验比较其主要性能与7601型商品银电极相近,在结构简单、制作方便及成本低廉等方面颇具特色.使用TTX作中性载体制成碳棒涂膜式银电极目前尚未见有报道.     

极谱催化波测定脉络宁口服液中的肉桂酸

应用线性扫描极谱法(LSV)、循环伏安法(CV),在1.0 mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH 4.1)含溶解氧的支持电解质中,对肉桂酸的电化学行为进行了研究。在该支持电解质中于-1.50 V(vs.SCE)处发现肉桂酸产生一灵敏的催化极谱还原峰,其峰电流与肉桂酸的浓度在2.5×10-6~7.5×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1);检出限为8.0×10-7mol/L,对8.0×10-5mol/L的肉桂酸溶液进行11次平行测定,RSD为1.4%。并采用循环伏安法对肉桂酸的电极反应机理进行了探讨,结果表明该电极反应过程为不可逆过程。该方法已用于测定脉络宁口服液中的肉桂酸。     

聚色氨酸膜电极相敏交流伏安法测定肾上腺素

研究了聚色氨酸膜电极的制备及其肾上腺素在该修饰电极上的相敏交流伏安特性,建立了相敏交流伏安法测定肾上腺素的电化学分析法。在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,肾上腺素的相敏交流伏安氧化峰电位在298 mV,线性响应范围为1.05×10-6~3.98×10-5mol/L,检出限为8.40×10-7mol/L。用于药剂中肾上腺素的测定,相对标准偏差小于3.84%,加标回收率为99%~104%,多巴胺、抗坏血酸和尿酸不干扰。     

以纳米Ag与接枝酪蛋白为复合载体的葡萄糖氧化酶电极的研究

采用电化学方法从AgNO3 的柠檬酸水溶液中制备纳米Ag,并用激光光散射粒度分析仪和X_衍射仪对其粒径和形态进行了表征。以纳米Ag和接枝酪蛋白为复合载体制备了葡萄糖氧化酶电极, 研究了工作电位、底物浓度、温度、溶液pH对电极电化学响应特性的影响,以及电极的专一性和重现性实验。结果表明:制备的Ag粒子的粒径约为40 nm, 近似球形, 存在着一定的硬团聚; 该复合酶电极的线性响应范围为1.0×10-6~1.5×10-2 mol/L,响应时间仅为12 s, 并具有优良的重现性和高选择性。     

酱油中痕量镉的共沉淀分离富集原子吸收测定

研究了用PAN-Ni(Ⅰ)体系共沉淀分离富集酱油消解液中的痕量镉,再用微量注射进样FAAS测定的方法。在pH10的溶液中,检测下限可达1.05×10~(-3)μg/ml,线性范围为1.05×10~(-3)～0.125μg/ml,共存物质不干扰测定。方法快速、简便、稳定,具有良好的重现性和回收率。     

组氨酸—铜体系吸附伏安法的研究：血清果汁中组氨酸的测定

在pH9.2的硼砂溶液中,组氮酸-铜络合物在-0.36V产生还原峰峰电流与组氨酸浓度在5.0×10~(-9)～1.0×10~(-7)mol/L.内呈线性关系,检测下限为5.0×10~(-10)mol/L。本法可用于血清及天然果汁中组氨酸的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.