固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测婴幼儿奶粉中的7种链格孢霉毒素

婴幼儿奶粉配料中的植物油易受到链格孢霉菌污染,因而链格孢霉毒素(ATs)成为该类食品的重点检测对象.该研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测婴幼儿奶粉中链格孢酚、链孢酚单甲醚、交链孢霉烯、细交链孢菌酮酸、腾毒素、交链孢毒素Ⅰ、细格菌素7种ATs的方法.通过参数优化确定最佳的质谱与色谱条件,选取BEH-C18色谱柱...     

QuEChERS净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定番茄中5种链格孢霉毒素的含量

取经粉碎匀浆的番茄样品(5.0g)于50mL聚丙烯离心管中,加入酸化乙腈(每升中加入甲酸4.0mL)10mL,超声提取30min,使得测定的5种链格孢霉毒素[链格孢酚(AOH)、交链格孢酚单甲醚(AME)、交链孢烯(ALT)、腾毒素(TEN)及细交链格孢菌酮酸(TeA)]溶入乙腈中,加入氯化钠0.5g,无水硫酸镁5g脱水后高速离心5min,取提取液1.5mL,加入C1825mg作为净化剂,涡旋1min除去其中色素等共提取物,取经净化的提取液0.5 mL,置于离心管中,加入1mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢铵溶液0.5mL,再次高速离心5min,取上清液供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。选择ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱作为固定相,以不同比例的1mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢铵溶液(A)和甲醇(B)的混合液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。串联质谱测定中采用电喷雾离子源正负离子切换扫描和多反应监测模式。用基质匹配法绘制标准曲线,所测定的5种链格孢霉毒素的线性范围均为0.5～100μg·L~(-1),其检出限(3S/N)在0.6～3.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体,加入5种链格孢霉毒素的标准溶液按所述方法测定后计算其回收率,所得结果在81.6%～115%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%～11%之间。     

高效液相色谱和高效液相色谱－质谱法测定粮食中互隔交链孢霉醇、互隔交链孢霉醇单甲醚及玉米赤霉烯酮

建立了粮食中互隔交链孢霉醇（ＡＯＨ）、互隔交链孢霉醇单甲醚（ＡＭＥ）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ＺＥＡ）三个毒素的ＨＰＬＣ定性定量分析法和粒子束ＬＣ－ＭＳ／ＥＩ￣＋鉴定方法。采用反相色谱,以８０％的甲醇水溶液作流动相,这三个毒素在Ｃ＿（１８）色谱柱上彼此间均获得较好的分离。方法对粮食中ＡＯＨ,ＡＭＥ两个毒素的回收率均在７９％以上。ＡＯＨ,ＡＭＥ两个毒素的最低检出限为１×１０￣（－９）ｇ。用所建方法对１００多个大骨节病病区、非病区的粮食样品进行了检测,结果为阴性。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定淡水鱼中柱孢藻毒素、节球藻毒素和微囊藻毒素

建立了同时检测淡水鱼中柱孢藻毒素、节球藻毒素、微囊藻毒素-RR、微囊藻毒素-YR及微囊藻毒素-LR的分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品粉碎后，用乙腈-水-甲酸（89 ∶ 10 ∶ 1，v/v/v）提取目标物，C₁₈分散固相萃取柱净化，Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C₁₈色谱柱分离，乙腈和水梯度洗脱，在多反应监测（MRM）模式下进行定性分析，基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。考察了提取溶剂及吸附剂种类对提取效率和净化效果的影响，并优化了液相色谱-串联质谱条件。该法在各自范围内具有良好线性关系，相关系数（R²）≥0.9954；检出限为5~10 μg/kg，定量限为15~40 μg/kg；样品的加标回收率为62.3%~101.2%。该方法前处理方法简单快速，灵敏高效，适用于淡水鱼中柱孢藻毒素、节球藻毒素和微囊藻毒素的有效检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中的4种链格孢霉毒素

建立了浓缩苹果汁中链格孢霉素、链格孢酚、腾毒素、链格孢酚甲醚4种毒素残留量的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品用水稀释后,用PS DVB固相萃取柱净化,外标法定量。测定时用BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,乙腈和水梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多反应监测(MRM)模式。4种链格孢霉毒素的测定低限在1.0～5.0 μg/L范围内,加标回收率为77.8%～117.2%,相对标准偏差均低于9.7%。该方法灵敏、稳定、可靠,可用于浓缩苹果汁样品中4种链格孢霉毒素的检测和确证。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葵花籽中4种交链孢霉毒素的含量

取2.5 g已粉碎的葵花籽样品，加入500.0μL含100.0μg·L^-1交链孢酚单甲醚-d₃(AME-d₃)、1 000.0μg·L^-1滕毒素-d₃(TEN-d₃)和交链孢酚-d₂(AOH-d₂)、5 000.0μg·L^-1细交链孢菌酮酸-d₁₃(TeA-d₁₃)的混合内标溶液，混匀，放置过夜，用25.0 mL体积比为45∶10∶45的乙腈-甲醇-0.05 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH 3.0)混合液振荡提取，离心。取上清液，用水定容至30.0 mL,分取6.0 mL,加入15.0 mL 0.05 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH 3.0),过Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱(预先用5.0 mL甲醇和5.0 mL水活化),用20%(体积分数)甲醇溶液淋洗，抽干固相萃取柱，用10 mL体...     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定水果中的3种链格孢霉毒素

建立了同时检测水果中链格孢霉毒素、链格孢酚和链格孢酚甲醚残留量的高效液相色谱-荧光分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,HLB和氨基固相萃取小柱净化,采用Chromolith Performance RP-18e整体柱分离,荧光检测器检测,以外标法进行定量分析。当3种链格孢霉毒素添加水平为20,40,100μg/kg时,方法平均回收率均在78.2%～103.6%范围内,相对标准偏差小于8.6%。方法适用于水果中链格孢霉毒素残留量的测定。     

液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1

建立液相色谱–同位素稀释质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M_1基体标准物质研制的定值方法。采用单点逼近法,以~(13) C_(17)–AFTM_1为内标,乙腈为溶剂,经免疫亲和柱净化,采用单点逼近法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M_1的含量。黄曲霉毒素M_1的质量浓度在0.05～5.0 ng/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.999 3,平均回收率为102.0%。该方法稳定性好,操作简单,可以作为婴幼儿配方奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1基体标准物质研制的定值方法。     

乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质研制

通过饲喂牛的方式获得乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1阳性乳品,经冷冻干燥、混匀、包装、分装、辐照灭菌制备了乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质。6家实验室均采用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法对乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质进行联合定值。分别采用F检验和t检验对标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,结果表明该标准物质均匀性与稳定性良好,均符合标准物质定值技术要求。对定值结果进行不确定度评定,乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质定值结果为(2.45±0.41)μg/kg,k=2。该标准物质可用于乳品中黄曲霉毒素M1的日常质量控制及定量检测。     

气相色谱（电子捕获检测器）和气相色谱－质谱联用测定血中十种单端孢霉烯族毒素

本文建立了人血中十种单端孢霉烯族毒素的气相色谱（电子捕获检测器）和气相色谱－质谱（气质）联用分析法。该法采用乙酸乙酯萃取血中毒素后，将萃取液浓缩至干，用七氟丁酰咪唑衍生化，用气相色谱和色／质联用分析测定。方法的最低检出限为１～１０ｎｇ／ｍＬ血，回收率为６０．８～１０１．１％。     

麻痹性贝类毒素标准样品的研制

将麻痹性贝类毒素阳性的新鲜扇贝去壳后取贝肉,经过匀浆,冷冻干燥等步骤制备成冻干粉,然后进行均匀性和稳定性检验,结果表明,制备后的样品均匀,稳定,满足标准样品的要求。以多家实验室定值的方式对该标准样品进行定值,定值结果为（589±42）MU／g（k=-2）。该标准样品可用于麻痹性贝类毒素检测过程的方法验证与质量控制。     

Use of a multifunctional column for the determination of deoxynivalenol in grains, grain products, and processed foods

Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, belongs to a class of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. DON, 12, 13-epoxy-3,7 trihydroxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, is one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in agricultural commodities worldwide. A method consisting of extraction, filtration, column cleanup, and RP-HPLC-UV separation and quantitation was validated for the determination of DON in grains (rice and barley), grain products (whole wheat flour, white flour, wheat germ, and wheat bran), and processed foods (bread, breakfast cereals, and pretzels). A 25 g test portion was extracted with 100 mL acetonitrile-water (84 + 16, v/v). After blending for 3 min, the supernatant was applied to a multifunctional column (MycoSep 225). The purified filtrate (2 mL) was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in the mobile phase. The toxins were then subjected to RP-HPLC-UV analysis. The accuracy and repeatability characteristics of the method were determined. Recoveries of DON added at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 microg/g for all test matrixes were from 75 to 98%. SD and RSD(r) ranged from 0.7 to 11.6% and 0.9 to 12.7%, respectively. Within-laboratory HorRat values were from 0.1 to 0.7 for all matrixes analyzed. The method was found to meet AOAC method performance criteria for grains, grain products, and processed foods. The identity of DON in naturally contaminated test sample extracts was confirmed by HPLC/MS/MS analysis.     

Development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

A project was undertaken to develop mussel reference materials that were certified for their mass fractions of saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Fifteen laboratories from various European countries participated. Three of these had major responsibility for substantial parts of the work and overall coordination of the project. The project involved 4 main activities: (1) procurement and characterization of calibrants; (2) improvement of analytical methodology; (3) preparation of reference materials, including homogeneity and stability studies; (4) 2 interlaboratory studies and a certification exercise. The joint activities resulted in 3 homogeneous and stable reference materials: 2 lyophilized mussel materials with and without naturally incurred paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, and a saxitoxin enrichment solution. The reference materials were certified with respect to their saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin content. The lyophilized mussel material with PSP toxins (CRM 542) contained <0.07 mg saxitoxin x 2HCl/kg and 1.59 +/- 0.20 mg decarbamoyl-saxitoxin x 2HCl/kg. The lyophilized mussel material without PSP toxins (CRM 543) contained <0.07 mg saxitoxin x 2HCl/kg and <0.04 mg decarbamoyl-saxitoxin x 2HCl/kg. The certified value of the saxitoxin mass fraction in the saxitoxin enrichment solution (CRM 663) was 9.8 +/- 1.2 microg/g.     

Development and certification of a reference material for Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat flour

Deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by several species of Fusarium fungi. These mycotoxins are often found together in a large variety of cereal-based foods, which are regulated by maximum content levels of DON and ZEN. To date, suitable certified reference materials (CRM) intended for quality control purposes are lacking for these Fusarium mycotoxins. In order to overcome this lack, the first CRM for the determination of DON, NIV and ZEN in naturally contaminated wheat flour (ERM®-BC600) was developed in the framework of a European Reference Materials (ERM®) project. This article describes and discusses the whole process of ERM®-BC600 development, including material preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and an interlaboratory comparison study for certification. A total of 21 selected expert laboratories from different European countries with documented expertise in the field of mycotoxin analysis took part in the certification study using various gas and liquid chromatographic methods. The certified values and their corresponding expanded uncertainties (k?=?2) were assigned in full compliance with the requirements of ISO Guide 35 and are as follows: 102?±?11 μg?kg^?1 for DON, 1000?±?130 μg?kg^?1 for NIV and 90?±?8 μg?kg^?1 for ZEN.     

Development of food reference materials for nutritional analysis

Summary The development of five reference materials for major nutritional properties, whole milk powder, pork muscle, wheat and rye flour, and haricots verts beans is described. Homogeneity and stability of these materials proved to be adequate. A preliminary intercomparison of methods showed that results for total fat and total dietary fibre were method dependent. Evaluation of methods used for available carbohydrates revealed poor solubilisation and hydrolysis of starch in some laboratories. This intercomparison has given valuable information for the final certification of these materials.     

Certification of the cadmium content in certified reference materials for Cd rice flour

The materials used to prepare the certified reference materials (CRMs) for Cd rice flour described here were taken from Cd-contaminated rice samples, round-grained and non-sticky rice grown in different provinces throughout China. The Cd rice materials were first blown to remove dust and husk, and then were successively ground, sieved, dried and mixed to form homogeneous rice flour. The Cd rice flour was packed in glass bottles, each bottle containing 40 g. All bottled CRMs were subjected to 60Co radiation (2.5 megarads) for long-term preservation. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the homogeneity of the cadmium content in each material. The certification of the cadmium content for the three CRMs was performed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry.     

基于真菌毒素污染差异的液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴别板栗粉中掺假小麦粉

建立了分散固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定板栗粉和小麦粉中43种真菌毒素的方法,对48份板栗粉和80份小麦粉样品的污染状况进行调查,筛选出5种专属于小麦粉的标志性真菌毒素.样品采用84％(v/v)乙腈水溶液提取,提取液采用C18结合增强型脂质去除净化剂(EMR-Lipid)净化,采用响应曲面-中心组合设计优...     

Distribution of deoxynivalenol in wheat,wheat flour,bran, and gluten,and variability associated with the test procedure

Analytical data obtained on deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in naturally contaminated wheat during processing in an industrial mill were statistically analyzed, and the distribution functions of DON concentration in lots of wheat, bran, wheat flour, and gluten were estimated. The analytical method had acceptable precision (HORRAT 0.25-0.32) for each test sample. The total variance combined sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances were 0.188, 0.033, 0.42, and 0.0014 ppm2 for wheat, 1.93; flour, 0.99; bran, 4.68; and gluten, 0.29, respectively. The distribution function of DON contamination presented an asymmetric tail for high values of concentration in wheat grains and wheat flour; in bran it seemed to be bimodal with 2 separated peaks of different concentrations; in gluten the normal distribution function gave a reasonably good fit to empirical data. The function eta(c) = -In(-Inp), where p (c) is the cumulative distribution function was linear with c in the so-called extreme-value type I distribution and could be fitted by a cubic polynomial in c in the distributions determined for all the products. This variability and distributional information contributes to the design of better sampling plans in order to reduce the total variability and to estimate errors in the evaluation of DON concentration in lots of wheat and wheat products.     

贻贝中有机氯农药和多氯联苯标准物质的研制及同位素稀释高分辨质谱法定值

建立了贻贝中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)标准物质的研制和定值方法,该研究对我国开展环境生物标准物质的研制具有重要的方法学借鉴价值。该标准物质样品为采自大连湾海域的贻贝,其定值目标物包括18种OCPs和16种PCBs,采用的定值测量方法是目前世界上最权威、最准确的同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法(ID-HRGC/HRMS)。所研制的标准物质具有定值目标物种类多、不确定度较小(约10%)等特点。该标准物质是目前国际上唯一一种采用同位素稀释高分辨质谱法进行定值的底栖生物中OCPs标准物质,于2012年3月通过了国家一级标准物质的终审,并于2012年6月被国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质(GBW10069)。该标准物质可用于食品安全控制、环境监测、质量检测等领域相关分析方法的评价、测量质量控制及技术仲裁检验等。     

Preparation of twelve candidate agricultural reference materials

Summary A cost-effective approach to monitoring and maintaining reliability of analytical procedures is by the incorporation of appropriate, compositionally similar reference materials into the scheme of analysis. Agricultural and food commodities represent an extremely wide range of composition, in respect of the sought-for analyte and the supporting material (matrix), not fully reflected in currently available biological reference materials (BRM's). With the view to attempting to fill some of the gaps in the world repertoire of reference materials and to have suitable products for our laboratories' use, preparation has been completed of twelve candidate agricultural reference materials. These products, representing a number of food classes, include bovine muscle powder, hard red spring wheat flour, soft winter wheat flour, durum wheat flour, wheat gluten, corn bran, corn starch, potato starch, whole egg powder, whole milk powder, microcrystalline cellulose, and sugar. Preparative steps included, as required, freeze drying, grinding or ball milling, X-ray sterilization, sieving, blending and packaging to yield sizeable quantities of each material in finely powdered form. Cooperative analytical effort is expected to lead to characterization in respect of concentrations of a number of nutritionally, toxicologically and environmentally-pertinent, major, minor, and trace chemical elements. These materials will then be available for analytical chemical data quality control for inorganic constituents in a range of agricultural commodities.

---

Herstellung von zwölf als landwirtschaftliche Referenzmaterialien vorgeschlagenen Substanzen

---

Contribution No. 88-49 from Land Resource Research Centre