高温高压法提取金属富勒烯Lnm@C2nLn=Y, Gd, Tb)

笼内金属富勒烯以其独特的结构性质和潜在的应用价值而引起了人们极大的注意 [1～ 3] ,但因制备技术复杂、产率低以及将其从伴生的空心富勒烯中分离出来比较困难而使其研究受到很大的限制 .笼内金属富勒烯的分离提取始终是金属富勒烯研究的一个重要分支 .通常的方法是将放电得到的烟炱采用甲苯索氏提取的方法粗提 ,然后用高压液相色谱法分离得到纯品 ,笼内金属富勒烯的产率仅为烟炱的 0 .1 % [4～ 6] .我们改进了常规的提取方法 ,建立了一种新的提取方法—高温高压提取法 .具体的做法是采用甲苯索氏提取法从烟炱中提取出空心富勒烯和少量金…     

二次热解吸-气相色谱-质谱法测定聚乳酸线材用于增材制造时产生的有机挥发物

将聚乳酸(PLA)线材在增材制造时产生的有机挥发物(VOCs)收集在自制的气体收集瓶中,并在20℃下稳定10min,在经活性炭过滤好的空气的作用下,用TenaX-TA吸附管采集收集瓶中气体20min,采集的气体经二次热解吸后,以100∶1的分流比进入气相色谱,用DB-5MS色谱柱在程序升温条件下分离,进入质谱检测器测定其中主要的9种VOCs(包括苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、乙苯、乙酸丁酯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯和正十一烷)含量。在优化的条件下,9种VOCs的保留时间为5.30～23.63min。结果显示:9种VOCs的质量分别在40～4 000ng(间二甲苯+对二甲苯)和20～2 000ng(其他7种组分)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.1～2.5μg·kg~(-1);对实际样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,所得回收率为91.2%～103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%～8.5%;用此方法分析了6种样品,9种组分均有不同程度检出,总VOCs(TVOCs)含量的RSD(n=11)小于10%。     

一些高碳富勒烯的光谱及HPLC特征

利用对叔本基杯「８」芳烃对烟炱中Ｃ６０的选择性配合作用 烟炱邻二氯苯（ＯＤＣＢ）提取筘的高碳成份得到富集,用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）分离,得到Ｃ７０,Ｃ７６,Ｃ７８,Ｃ８４和五种高碳富勒烯及相应的ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱,实验中发现,ＯＤＣＢ提取物中Ｃ７８的比例与其它溶剂提取物略有差别,富勒烯的保留时间的对数与富勒烯的碳原子数之间的良好的线性关系,随着富勒烯对称性的降低,ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱吸收极值增多,谱带     

气态碘在COF-103上吸附的理论研究

采用第一性原理和巨正则蒙特卡罗方法,模拟研究了气态碘分子(I₂)在共价有机框架材料(COF-103)中的吸附行为,并讨论了气态氧化物、氯化物和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)等杂质气体的竞争吸附影响.结果表明,I₂偏向以垂直方式吸附于COF-103苯环的碳原子位,其中,长程色散相互作用具有重要的贡献,色散能在吸附能中的占比最多可达46%.I₂与COF-103之间存在少量电荷转移,且可能形成具有弱共价相互作用的次级键.杂质气体中苯分子(C₆H₆)的吸附能和等量吸附热最大,与COF-103的亲和性最强,并且可以占据I₂的吸附位点,从而引起I₂吸附量的显著降低.     

不同吸附剂上动态吸附-脱附挥发性有机气体性能研究

采用气相色谱法和热重分析(TG)研究了活性炭以及5A、NaY、13X、ZSM-5(Si0_2/Al_2O_3=27、300)、Hβ和MCM-41分子筛对正己烷、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的动态吸附-脱附性能,系统考察了挥发性有机气体(VOCs)浓度与种类及体积空速对吸附容量的影响。结果表明,增加体积空速和VOCs浓度,一定程度上能够提升吸附容量;活性炭吸附剂对三种VOCs具有较高的单位质量吸附量,而13X与NaY对三种VOCs具有更大的单位体积吸附量。     

热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法应用于工业源废气中挥发性有机物的目标和非目标筛查

建立了固相吸附热脱附-气相色谱-质谱(TD-GC-MS)综合筛查工业源废气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法。对两种型号的固相吸附管进行了比较,最终选择使用Tenax SS TD Tubes吸附管。气体样品以恒定流速通过吸附管,富集分析物,经热脱附后,用GC-MS进行检测,目标化合物以内标法定量,非目标化合物的含量以甲苯的响应系数计算。方法检出限为1.06~5.44 ng,以采样体积300 mL计算,目标化合物的检出限为0.004~0.018 mg/m~3。吸附管平均加标回收率为78.4%~89.4%,相对标准偏差为3.9%~14.4%(n=7)。应用该方法对大连市某垃圾焚烧发电厂排放的废气进行VOCs目标及非目标化合物综合筛查,共检出29种VOCs,其中仅5种VOCs为预先设定的目标化合物,另外24种为非目标化合物,5种目标化合物含量仅占所有检出物总量的26.7%。证明了工业源废气VOCs分析中非目标化合物筛查的重要性,该研究思路对完整测定工业源挥发性有机污染物分布具有一定的借鉴意义。     

茶叶中29种挥发性有机物的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定及其危害水平评估

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS)测定茶叶中29种挥发性有机物(VOCs)含量的方法,并对随机选择的100个茶叶样品进行了危害水平评估。在顶空进样瓶中加入茶叶样品和内标物乙酸苯乙酯,采用纤维头DVB/CAR/PDMS在平衡温度60℃下吸附目标化合物30 min,解吸后不分流进样,以HP-FFAP色谱柱为固定相在程序升温条件下分离,分离得到的目标化合物进入配有电子轰击离子(EI)源的质谱仪,在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下进行测定,内标法定量。采用食品安全指数(IFS)评价茶叶中VOCs的危害水平。结果显示:29种VOCs的质量分数在0.05～0.50 mg·kg~(-1)内和内标物的质量分数之比与两者对应的峰面积之比呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.001 6～0.031 6 mg·kg~(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为74.4%～86.6%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%～8.9%;100份茶叶样品中均有VOCs的检出,VOCs总检出量为0.035～0.113 mg·kg~(-1),所得的IFS最大值为2.79×10~(-3),远低于1,说明茶叶中的VOCs对人体潜在危害水平是可以接受的。     

水中挥发性有机物分析前处理技术研究进展

环境水体中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类繁多,含量在(ng/L～μg/L)范围内。本文总结了2003年以来测定水样中VOCs的8种前处理技术,包括顶空单液滴微萃取(HS-SDME)、中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)、分散液液微萃取(DLLME)、顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)、搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)、静态顶空(HS)、吹扫捕集法(P&T)和针式毛细管吸附阱(INCAT)的进展情况。比较了它们的优缺点,并展望了VOCs的分析方法。     

热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法筛查分析溶剂型涂料中挥发性有机化合物

为检测溶剂型涂料中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的释放量,利用1m~3气候箱,在温度(23±2)℃和相对湿度(50±5)%、箱内空气换气率为1次·h~(-1)的条件下,以钢化玻璃板(30cm×30cm)为基材,将涂料样品(约10g)涂覆在玻璃板上,置于气候箱中,关闭箱门并开始计时。此前已将老化的Tenax TA吸附管靠近吸附剂的一端与气候箱连接,另一端与采样连接,调节流量为0.20L·min~(-1),采集2h时的空气样品。将吸附管放入热脱附-气相色谱-质谱仪器系统中,按工作条件对65种VOCs进行分离和测定。样品经热脱附并流经HP-VOC色谱柱,恒压模式,在35～250℃之间程序升温进行VOCs的分离,进入质谱仪,在电子轰击离子源(EI)全扫描模式进行测定。试验结果表明:二氯甲烷、四氯化碳和乙二醇的信号较弱,标准曲线的线性不佳,其余62种VOCs的标准曲线的线性范围均在0.01～0.20μg之间,其检出限(3S/N)在0.018～0.25μg·kg~(-1)之间,此62种VOCs的加标回收率在85.0%～116%之间。对市售的8种溶剂类涂料,按本方法进行筛查和分析,被检出频次较高的为芳香烃、醇、烷烃、酯醚等4大类;从所检测得到的VOCs的含量可见,其中芳香烃和酯醚类VOCs的释放占大部分,8种涂料第2h采样VOCs的释放总量分别为2.51,2.29,1.54,1.47,1.64,13.01,3.37,17.14mg·kg~(-1)。     

不同金属外掺杂富勒烯C20M（M=Li,Ti,Fe）的储氢性能

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的广义梯度近似(GGA)对经碱金属原子Li、过渡金属原子Ti和Fe修饰的富勒烯C20M(M=Li,Ti,Fe)的储氢性能进行研究.结果表明,C20Li(C20Ti和C20Fe)能够吸附H2的最大数目为6,6和4,与18电子规则相吻合;C20M(M=Li,Ti,Fe)对H2的平均吸附能在0.25~0.80 eV范围内,介于物理吸附和化学吸附之间(0.1~0.8 eV),因此可以实现常温下对氢的可逆吸附.C20Li主要通过正负电荷形成的偶极矩作用进行储氢,而C20Ti和C20Fe主要通过Dewar-Kubas作用进行储氢.     

电子制冷预浓缩-双柱气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰检测器法测定空气中104种挥发性有机物

基于吸附剂辅助电子制冷预浓缩技术，建立了多维切割双柱气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器（GC-MS/FID）同时测定环境空气中104种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的方法。将采集于苏玛罐中的环境空气样品在配有吸附剂的电子制冷预浓缩系统中富集、脱附、除水、除CO₂和浓缩，然后通过GC-MS/FID的多维切割单元将C₂~C₃组分和C₄~C₁₂组分分别引入PLOT柱和InterCap-624柱进行分离。C₂~C₃组分用FID检测，以保留时间定性、外标法定量；C₄~C₁₂组分采用电子轰击离子源质谱检测，以保留时间和特征离子定性、内标法定量。考察了冷阱吸附剂种类、辅助压力控制单元压力设置、双柱切换时间切割点等参数对分析结果的影响，优化了GC-MS/FID条件，并评估了在此优化条件下的方法性能。104种VOCs在0.0446~0.892 μmol/m³范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（r）为0.9984~0.9999，对0.0446 μmol/m³和0.223 μmol/m³水平的混合标准气体重复6次进样，平均回收率为86.4%~116.1%，相对标准偏差为0.9%~11.3%；方法的检出限为0.145~1.90 μg/m³，定量限为0.435~5.70 μg/m³。该法稳定性好，灵敏度高，操作简便，可用于环境空气中104种VOCs的测定。     

广西合山石村矿超高有机硫煤饱和烃特征分析

以合山石村矿超高有机硫煤为研究对象,利用带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)及气相色谱(GC)和色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析技术,综合分析探讨了研究区样品中有机质来源、沉积环境及物源输入。结果表明,研究区样品镜质体反射率均值1.76%,全硫含量均值6.01%,其中有机硫含量占比达94.3%,为高成熟度的超高有机硫煤。饱和烃色谱图中未分辨的复杂混合物(UCM)鼓包明显,前峰及双峰型均有分布,前峰型主峰碳为C_(16)、C_(18)、C_(21),双峰型主峰碳为C_(18)、C_(27),化合物降姥鲛烷、脱氢松香烷、咔达烯均有发现,规则甾烷C_(27)、C_(28)、C_(29)均呈"V"型分布,说明沉积母质受藻类等低等水生生物与高等植物双重输入的影响。姥植比参数、C_(31-35)藿烷呈阶梯式递减的分布特征表明在海相碳酸盐台地成煤带中存在一定的氧化条件。扫描电镜中拍摄到的铁含氧硫酸盐、细胞充填环状黄铁矿说明在沉积质晚期成岩阶段受到一定程度热液作用影响。     

Supercooling Suppression of Microencapsulated n-Alkanes by Introducing an Organic Gelator

Supercooling of the microencapsulated phase change materials(PCMs) during cooling usually happens. This phenomenon can interfere with heat transfer and is necessary to further overcome. In this study, melamine- formaldehyde microcapsules containing two n-alkane PCMs, namely, n-dodecane(C₁₂) or n-tetradecane(C₁₄) were prepared by in situ polymerization. A small amount of n-hexatriacontane(C₃₆) was introduced as an organic gelator into the core of microcapsules to cope with the supercooling problem. Analyses demonstrate that supercooling of the microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ was significantly suppressed by adding 3%(mass fraction) C₃₆, without changing the spherical morphology and dispersibility. It could be also found that the enthalpy of microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ containing C₃₆ was similar to that of microencapsulated n-alkanes without C₃₆, whereas the difference between onsets of crystallization and melting(degree of supercooling) is similar to that of those of pure n-alkanes, suggesting the remarkable suppression ability of the organic gelator on supercooling.     

Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients for four mixtures using X-rays from 13 keV up to 40 keV

The total absorption coefficients for some selected organic compounds relevant to health physics, Triaflol BN (C₃H₄O₂)_n, Triaflol TN (C₁₂H₁₈O₇)_n, Kapton (C₄₄H₂₀O₁₀)_n, and Melinex (C₁₀H₈N₄O₄)_n were measured in the X-ray energy range from 13 keV up to about 40 keV using a collimator, high purity germanium detector with thin Be window and variable energy X-ray source. The measured values are compared with the theoretical ones obtained using the XCOM code. The agreement is generally good within a few percent.     

Determination of C4-C14 carboxylic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis. Application to the identification of diamide degradation products and partitioning studies.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was investigated for the determination of linear saturated carboxylic acid homologues ranging from C₄ to C₁₄. Separation conditions were optimised to overcome the problems of decreasing solubility and decreasing selectivity between successive homologues with increasing chain length. Separations were performed at 20°C, using a 20 kV separation voltage and a pH 8 electrolyte containing 30% methanol. A suitable chromophore (4-aminobenzoate) was added to ensure indirect UV detection of the analytes. Calibration curves and repeatability were established. Minimum detectable concentrations of 3·10⁻⁶ mol l⁻¹ were achieved. Resolution between successive homologues was better than 2. The electrophoretic mobility of each homologue (n=7–14) was assessed and a quasi-linear relationship between the mobility value and 1/n was observed. The quantitative analysis of a diamide degradation solution was performed and compared to potentiometric results. The CZE method was also applied to the determination of C₇–C₁₄ partitioning between an organic medium containing tributylphosphate in n-dodecane and different basic solutions. Their behaviour was established according to the chain length and the pH of the aqueous phase. For C₁₀–C₁₄ compounds, results were validated by comparison with gas chromatographic analysis of the organic phases.     

竹浆纤维素转化制低碳多元醇反应中有机氮对金属催化剂稳定性影响的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列多孔竹炭负载的有机氮掺杂的镍钨催化剂,并将其应用于催化竹浆纤维氢解制C_2,3多元醇反应。有机氮源与催化剂前驱体中Ni²⁺络合,高温煅烧时载体表面碳、氮和金属离子相互作用后生成一定量的C₃N₄、氮化物和合金物相。通过XRD、XPS和TEM等表征手段分析了催化剂Ni-W/MBC表面物理化学性质与催化活性间的关系。结果表明,除了金属镍、氧化钨物相外,表面还含有Ni-W合金（NiWO₄为主）;金属粒子表面包围了一层石墨化C₃N₄物相。XPS分析表明,有机氮源高温分解反应后形成了C₃N₄物相。在反应条件下,15% Ni-20% W/MBC@M-0.25催化剂得到乙二醇收率为55.8%,而未添加有机氮源的催化剂15% Ni-20% W/MBC获得的乙二醇收率仅为36.9%。催化剂稳定性实验结果表明,Ni-W合金和C₃N₄物相的形成显著增强了Ni-W/MB催化剂的稳定性,延长了催化剂寿命。     

Vapor–liquid equilibria and excess properties for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) containing binary systems

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is recently widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industry as a non-polluting octane booster for gasoline and as an organic solvent. The isobaric or isothermal vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) were determined directly for MTBE+C₁–C₄ alcohols. The excess enthalpy (H^E) for butane+MTBE or isobutene+MTBE and excess volume (V^E) for MTBE+C₃–C₄ alcohols were also determined. Besides, the infinite dilute activity coefficient, partial molar excess enthalpies and volumes at infinite dilution (γ^∞, H^E,∞, V^E,∞) were calculated from measured data. Each experimental data were correlated with various g^E models or empirical polynomial.     

Electronic structures of dihedral (D5h, D5d, D6h, D6d) fullerenes

By means of our proposed method for Hückel theory calculation, we have calculated the electronic structures of dihedral (D_5h, D_5d, D_6h, D_6d) fullerences, which are generated from icosahedral C₂₀, C₆₀, C₈₀, C₁₈₀, C₂₄₀ and C₅₄₀, respectively. From the calculated results of 1224 fullerence molecules, certain rules on the stability and chemical reactivity have been drawn for such types of dihedral fullerenes.     

C_(60)与MoO_3混合材料做空穴注入层的单层有机电致发光器件

我们制备研究了基于结构为氧化铟锡(ITO)/C_(60)(1.2nm):MoO_3(0.4nm)/1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi):三(2-苯基吡啶)铱[Ir(ppy)_3](33%,90 nm)/LiF (0.7 nm)/Al (120 nm)的高效绿色磷光单层有机发光二极管(OLED)。分别将C_(60),MoO_3与C_(60):MoO_3混合物作为空穴注入层(HIL)作为对比。TPBi在发光层中起着主体以及电子传输材料的双重作用。在使用电子传输型主体的单层OLED中,空穴注入层性质对于调节电子/空穴注入以获得电荷载流子传输平衡起重要作用。因此,适当调节空穴注入层是实现高效单层OLED的关键因素。由于MoO_3较大的电子亲和能(6.37 eV)会诱导电子从C_(60)的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级转移至MoO_3,从而形成C_(60)阳离子,并使得Mo元素的价态从+6降至+5,C_(60):MoO_3混合就可以较好的调节空穴注入性质。最终实现最大电流效率为35.88 cd·A~(-1)的单层有机发光器件。     

Salicylaldimine-based symmetric dimers: synthesis and thermal behaviour

Several symmetrical dimers comprised of salicylaldimine-moieties connected through ester linkages to the termini of odd-parity alkanediols have been synthesized and investigated for their thermal behaviour. In order to understand the structure-property relations, the lengths of the central alkylene spacers (C₃ and C₅) as well as those of the terminal alkoxy chains (C₆ to C₂₂) have been varied. The dimers with a C₃-alkylene spacer are non-liquid crystalline, while some of the compounds having a C₅-alkylene spacer exhibit liquid crystalline properties. The dimer, with a C₅-alkylene spacer and C₆-alkoxy tails, shows an intercalated smectic C (SmC_c) phase, whereas the C₈, C₁₀, C₁₁, and C₁₂ homologues are non-mesomorphic. The higher homologues of this series with C₁₆, C₁₈, C₂₀ and C₂₂ alkoxy tails show a mesophase that has the signatures of a two-dimensional banana (B₁) phase. This mesophase is enantiotropic in the C₁₆ and C₁₈ homologues while it is monotropic in the other homologues. In these dimers, the spacer length has a remarkable influence on the thermal behaviour.