过饱和度对KDP晶体生长与光学性能的影响研究

在不同过饱和度的溶液中生长了KDP晶体,对生长晶体的透过率,光散射和激光损伤阈值进行了表征.研究了不同过饱和度对KDP晶体生长及光学性能的影响.实验表明:KDP晶体可以在高过饱和度(σ＞3;)溶液中实现快速生长,生长速度可大于10 mm/d;但随着溶液过饱和度的增加,KDP晶体生长溶液的稳定性降低,晶体容易出现包藏、开裂和添晶等缺陷,晶体的光学性能也随之降低.     

Na+对KDP晶体生长的影响

本文利用传统的降温法和"点籽晶"快速生长法在不同Na+掺杂浓度的溶液中生长KDP晶体,定量研究了Na+对KDP晶体生长的影响.实验发现:Na+的存在降低了溶液的稳定性,致使KDP晶体柱面容易扩展.Na+的存在对KDP晶体的光学性能基本没有影响.     

Fe3+对KDP晶体生长影响的研究

金属离子对KDP晶体的影响是多方面的.本文采用不同的过饱和度,在不同的Fe3+掺杂浓度的生长溶液中生长KDP晶体,定量地研究了Fe3+对KDP晶体生长的影响.实验发现,无论是在高过饱和度还是在低过饱和度下生长KDP晶体,在一定的浓度范围内,Fe3+的掺入既可以增加生长溶液的稳定性,又可以有效抑制晶体柱面的扩展,而且晶体基本不楔化,同时,对晶体光学性能的影响也不大.     

pH值对KDP晶体溶解度和溶液稳定性的影响

测定了不同pH值(2.0～5.5)生长溶液中KDP晶体(KH2PO4)的溶解度曲线,实验结果表明:随着生长溶液pH值的改变,KDP溶解度明显增大.讨论了KDP晶体溶液pH值、溶液组成和溶液饱和点温度三者之间的关系.进行了高pH值(3.8～5.6)KDP生长溶液的稳定性实验,发现高pH值生长溶液中的临界成核半径rC增大,溶液的稳定性提高.在不同pH值溶液中进行了晶体生长实验,探讨了不同pH值生长溶液中配合物对KDP晶体生长习性的影响.     

点籽晶法快速生长中等口径KDP单晶及其性能表征

本文使用德国MERCK公司生产的KDP原料和自行研制的晶体快速生长装置,采用"点籽晶"快速生长法成功生长出了150 mm级中等口径的KDP单晶,晶体生长速度达到20 mm/d.晶体生长过程中,生长溶液稳定,没有杂晶出现,生长的晶体完好且透明.X射线粉末衍射和摇摆曲线分析表明晶体有着较好的结构完整性;同时,测试了晶体的透过光谱和光损伤阈值,发现快速生长的晶体有着较好的光学性能.     

溶液降温法快速生长KDP晶体的新装置

利用溶液降温法分别在锥形底生长装置和传统晶体生长装置中进行了KDP晶体点状籽晶法快速生长实验,对KDP晶体的生长条件进行了对比,分析了不同生长装置对KDP溶液稳定性的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了KDP晶体中的包裹体,测定了晶体的透过率,对比分析了锥形瓶快速生长装置的优越性.     

KDP晶体中铝取代钾点缺陷第一性原理计算

为了明确Al3+在KDP晶体生长过程中对光学性质和力学性质的具体影响,采用第一性原理计算程序包VASP软件计算并分析了Al取代K对KDP晶体的晶体结构、电子能态密度和光学性质,并同理想KDP晶体进行对比研究.结果表明,KDP晶体中Al取代K的缺陷形成能为0.974 eV,并且Al替位K点缺陷引起的晶格畸变非常微弱,缺陷比较容易形成. Al取代K后晶体能带中价带顶附近的态密度发生了变化,并且带隙中存在缺陷能级,取代后KDP晶体的带隙宽度减小为4.37 eV,缺陷增加了KDP晶体对可见到紫外波段的光子吸收,影响KDP晶体光学质量及其激光损伤性能.计算力学性质发现,Al替位掺杂KDP晶体比理想KDP晶体的杨氏模量增加了,这会减弱晶体抗激光损伤能力.     

KDP晶体中链状分布液相包裹体形成机制分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观测了KDP晶体中出现的一种呈链状分布的液相包裹体,发现它们的尺寸从几个微米到几十个微米不等,主要沿晶棱方向排列.对这类包裹体的形成条件和形成机制分析发现,它们的形成与近年来新提出的KDP晶体棱边生长机制有关,讨论了KDP晶体生长过程中出现生长机制的可能原因.     

有机添加剂对KDP晶体生长及其光学性质影响的研究

本文研究了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和氨三乙酸(ATA)对KDP晶体生长及其光学性质的影响,其中,后者是首次报导,两者表现相似的影响.随着添加剂含量的增大,晶体生长速度先增大后减小;添加添加剂溶液所生长的KDP晶体在紫外波段的透过率提高;研究还发现,270 nm处晶体透过率的主要影响因素包括过饱和度以及Fe3+和Cr3+含量;有机添加剂的添加和退火对电导率影响微弱.     

二价阳离子掺入KDP晶体能力的研究

本文旨在寻找影响杂质阳离子进入KDP晶体能力的因素,我们使用分析纯的KH2PO4和超纯水(电阻率≥18.2MΩ·cm)为原料,分别加入BaCl2·2H2O,CuCl2·2H2O和MgCl2·6H2O,通过降温方式快速生长出KDP晶体.结果表明,cu2+及Mg2+在晶体中的含量基本保持不变,不随其在生长溶液中量的增大而增大,cu2+在晶体中的含量大于Mg2+在晶体中的含量;不同的是,Ba2+在晶体中的含量随着其在生长溶液中量增大而增大.从实验结果我们推断出离子半径和离子水合热是影响二价杂质阳离子在水溶液晶体生长过程中进入KDP晶体能力的重要因素.     

Hydrodynamic conditions for growth of large KDP crystals

Three-dimensional mass transfer is simulated. The factors determining the hydrodynamic conditions for efficient mass transfer in growth of large KDP single crystals (cross sections up to 45 × 45 cm²) from solutions in a real 300-l-crystallizer are established. The conditions for the motion of the supersaturated solution to the surface of a growing crystal in the direction opposite to that of gravitation are attained. The growth mode developed provides growth rates that are five times higher of large high-quality optical KDP crystals.     

超大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体研究进展

KDP/DKDP晶体具有生长方法简单、成本较低、光学性能良好等优点,而可生长出的超大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体是目前唯一可用于高功率激光工程的单晶材料。但是在晶体的生长过程中存在很多影响因素,同时对晶体进行后处理也会影响晶体的性能,这都直接关系到超大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体的实际应用。鉴于此,本文综述了近些年超大尺寸KDP/DKDP晶体的重要研究进展, 特别是针对传统生长和快速生长中存在的问题和相应的解决对策以及晶体性能相关的研究,并重点对晶体的透过率、氘化率、激光诱导损伤等进行了分析和讨论。     

Improvement of growth habit and optical properties of rapidly grown KDP crystal by adding diethylene triamine pentacetate acid in growth solution

By altering the concentration of a new additive ‐ diethylene triamine pentacetate acid (DTPA) in the growth solution, a series of KDP crystals were obtained by the “point seed” rapid growth method. The growth rates up to about 20 mm/day. Effects of DTPA on the growth habit and optical properties of these as‐grown KDP crystals were investigated. The results reveal that, with the increase of DTPA concentration in growth solution, the contents of impurity metal ions incorporated into crystal and aspect ratio of crystal morphology were both decreased gradually, while the UV transmittance of crystal was enhanced continually. In the presence of moderate concentration of DTPA (100–200 ppm), the solution stability was increased and optical properties of crystal (including optical homogeneity, light scattering and laser damage threshold) were all improved. However excessive doping (>500 ppm) has opposite effects. The impact mechanism was also analyzed combining with the structure of KDP crystal and chemical characteristics of DTPA molecular.     

Synergy of organic dyes for KDP crystal growth

Single potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals were grown in a supersaturated solution containing an organic dye (sunset yellow FCF, brilliant blue FCF, and sky blue). The growth rate, morphology, and impurity dye distribution of faces, (100) and (101) in a KDP crystal were measured as dye concentration and the supersatutation of KDP were changed. Complete expressions for the effect of dye on all aspects of the growth of KDP crystals were discussed. The growth rates of (100) and (101) faces were well correlated by the empirical equation, and resulted in good estimation of the morphology. The distribution of dye in a KDP crystal was represented by the distribution model containing the minimum growth rate for coloring. The growth rate equation and distribution equation were expressed by functions of the supersaturation and dye concentration, and they could effectively provide the operational conditions with coloring the KDP crystal. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Rapid growth of KDP crystals in the coniform bottom device and their characterization

The coniform bottom device was designed and used in the rapid growth process of KDP crystal. A seed support rack was also designed to be used in rapid growth of KDP crystal to avoid spontaneous nucleation on the interface of seed crystal and rack. The KDP crystals were fast grown at the growth rate of up to 25 mm/day. The optical scatter centers in KDP crystals were observed and their transmissions of different parts were measured. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of Nd3+ on the growth and quality of KDP crystals

KDP crystals were rapidly grown from solutions doped with different Nd³⁺ concentrations. During the growth process, “foggy” inclusions were selectively captured in the pyramidal sector of KDP crystal and hourglass shaped crystals were obtained. It is found that the nonuniform distribution of Nd³⁺ ions causes remarkable differences in optical quality between prismatic and pyramidal sectors. With increasing Nd³⁺ concentration, the optical quality is greatly decreased for pyramidal sectors, while the change is not so obvious for prismatic sectors. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Study on rapid growth of KH2PO4 and its characterization

Large size crystals of KH₂PO₄ (KDP) were grown by adopting rapid growth technique from point seeds in a 1500‐liter crystallizer which is used to grow KDP crystals by conventional method. The grown KDP crystal size can reach to 310 × 310 × 320 mm³ and the average growth rate was 8mm/day. The optic properties of the rapidly grown KDP crystals were characterized comparing with the KDP crystals grown by the traditional temperature reduction method. We found it that the optical quality of the KDP crystals we grown rapidly are not significantly different from those of KDP crystals grown by traditional method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Growth and characterization of L‐valine ‐ a nonlinear optical crystal

The growth of a new nonlinear optical material L‐valine by solvent evaporation method is reported here. To grow good quality crystals pH value of growth solution has been optimized and solubility of L‐valine in different solvents and different pH values was determined. The grown crystals were characterized by IR, single crystal XRD, DTA and TGA, optical transmission and second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement. SHG efficiency of L‐valine was found equivalent to KDP and its transmission is 75%‐80% from ultraviolet to near IR region. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)