纳米Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷复合粉体的醇-水加热法制备与表征

为制备分散均匀的纳米尺度的共晶陶瓷复合粉体,采用Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Gd2O3作为原材料,通过醇-水加热法制备了纳米尺度的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶成分陶瓷粉体.研究了溶液初始浓度配比和pH值等对复合粉体粒径的影响.通过SEM、TEM、FT-IR和BET N2吸附法等手段表征了前驱体颗粒大小和分散性3确定最佳的前驱体制备工艺,对前驱体进行煅烧制得Al2O3/GdAlO3复合陶瓷粉体.结果表明,前驱体粒径和分散性受制备工艺影响较大;特别是,最佳工艺制备的前驱体平均粒径20 nm,分散性良好,形貌多呈球形;1250℃煅烧后得到的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷粉体的晶化良好、成分均匀,粉体粒径100～200 nm.     

碳铵尿素双沉淀法合成球形纳米 α-Al2O3粉体的研究

报道了一种用硝酸铝和碳酸铵以及尿素反应制备球形纳米α-Al2O3粉体的便捷方法.通过X射线粉末衍射、差热分析和扫描电镜对产物进行表征观察,结果显示,用这种方法所合成的前驱体为2～6μm鹅卵石形状的氢氧化铝.前驱体再经1200℃煅烧2 h得到直径为200 nm左右的孪生球形纳米氧化铝粉体.在此过程中,尿素起到了调节形貌的作用.     

超重力场与微波场集成制备纳米氧化锆

以氧氯化锆为原料,氨水做沉淀剂,在螺旋通道型旋转床中通过超重力场共沉淀反应制备纳米氧化锆前驱体,防团聚处理后的前驱体在微波场中程序升温至600℃煅烧2h得到最终产品.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法考察了锆离子浓度、超重力水平、不同煅烧方式、微波煅烧温度对粉体粒径、分散性和晶型的影响.结果表明:采用超重力场与微波场集成工艺制备得到结晶度高,粒径均匀,团聚少且平均粒径为8.77 nm的四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO2)粉体.     

共沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合纳米粉体

以ZrOCl2·8H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Y(NO3)3为原料,NH4HCO3 (AHC)为络合剂,采用共沉淀法制备Al2 O3-ZrO2复合纳米粉体.利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪等对Al2 O3-ZrO2复合粉体进行测试表征,详细研究了pH和AHC/Zr摩尔比对复合粉体的影响.结果表明,当前驱体的煅烧温度低于1200℃时,只形成t-ZrO2相,当煅烧温度达到1300℃时,α-Al2O3相开始形成;沉淀反应的pH和AHC/Zr摩尔比对Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体的产率有很大的影响.在pH7、AHC/Zr =4.5:1的条件下制备前驱体,经过1300℃煅烧2h得到两相纯度高,分散性能好,粒度分布窄,平均粒径为0.75 μm的Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体.     

Al_2O_3包覆SrSO_4纳米复合粉体的制备与表征

采用直接沉淀-超临界流体干燥方法合成了纳米SrSO4粉体,以溶胶-凝胶法对其表面进行包覆Al(OH)3凝胶的处理,经煅烧后制备出Al2O3包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体。通过XRD、TEM、SEM等对不同工艺条件下制备的纳米复合粉体的表面形貌和特性进行了研究。研究表明:当Al3+的浓度为0.1 mol/L、pH值为8时,可以获得好的氧化铝前驱体包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体,经700℃煅烧3 h后获得了均匀、致密的Al2O3包覆SrSO4纳米复合粉体。     

水热法制备蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,L-半胱氨酸为表面活性剂,NaOH为碱源通过水热法制备了前驱体Ce2O(CO3)2·xH2O,经煅烧后得到了蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制得产物的晶相和形貌进行了表征,并分析了不同反应条件对产物形貌的影响.结果表明:水热反应温度180℃反应24h制备出蝴蝶结形CeO2的前驱体,经400℃煅烧1h,获得长约14 μm,两端呈分叉多枝结构的CeO2粉体;随着反应时间的延长,产物经历了由椭球形向蝴蝶结形的转变.     

微波固相反应前驱体热分解法制备纳米氧化铜粉体

将固体CuSO4·5H2O和Na2CO3混合均匀后溶于适量乙醇中,然后进行微波辐照,立即反应生成泥浆状固体,将该泥浆状固体洗涤后干燥即可得到粉状前驱体.然后在600 ℃加热1 h分解该前驱体,即可制得纳米氧化铜粉体.在加热速率为10 ℃/min的条件下,对该前驱体进行表征,发现其热分解和晶体化温度约为550 ℃.对制得的纳米氧化铜粉体进行XRD、SEM、TEM和IR分析,结果表明制得的产物为纳米氧化铜粉体,其粉体粒径在30～50 nm,平均粒径约为40 nm.     

化学共沉淀法制备纯相YAG纳米粉体的研究

通过调整反应溶液中铝离子的浓度,以硝酸铝和硝酸钇为原料,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了纯YAG相纳米粉体.使用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜,红外光谱仪,热分析仪等测试手段对YAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征.结果表明:略微增加反应溶液中铝离子的浓度,即当y3+∶Al3+浓度为9∶16时,沉淀反应形成的前驱体经过1200℃煅烧3h后可形成不含杂相的纯立方相YAG纳米粉体,所得粉体分散性较好,形状为棒状,平均颗粒尺寸约为150 nm.     

溶液燃烧法制备纳米硼酸铝及其表征

以九水硝酸铝、硼酸、甘氨酸、尿素为原料,通过溶液燃烧法制备了纳米硼酸铝.分别采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试手段,对产物前驱体及最终产物作表征,探讨了燃烧剂种类、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、原料配比等工艺参数对产物物相、形态、粒度等的影响.结果表明,以甘氨酸为燃烧剂,n(硝酸铝)∶n(甘氨酸)=3∶5,煅烧温度为1200℃,煅烧时间为4h时,可合成结晶度较好、规则的纳米硼酸铝(Al18B4O33)颗粒,其平均粒径在80 nm左右.     

水热体系中不同前驱物对合成镁铝水滑石微结构的影响

以不同的镁源、铝源组合为前驱物,利用XRD、SEM及EDS比较研究了水热体系中不同的前驱物组合对合成镁铝水滑石(Mg-Al-LDHs)晶体微结构及晶体生长的影响,同时利用生长基元的配位体理论对其生长机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:当固定体系的pH =12,水热温度120℃、水热时间18h的条件下,不同的前驱物组合均可以合成结晶度较好的镁铝水滑石晶体;但不同的镁源、铝源组合对产物的物相、分散性、结晶规整性、厚径比、纯度、大小及微结构有一定的影响.当镁源固定为MgCl2,铝源分别为Al2O3、Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,不溶性氧化铝合成的LDHs规整性、分散性及纯度较差,晶体发育不完整;当铝源分别为溶解度较好Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,合成产物LDHs晶体的结晶度、规整性、分散性及纯度较好,但由于溶解度和相连阴离子极性的不同,造成产物微结构的微小差异;当镁源固定为溶解度较大的Mg(NO3)2时,铝源分别为Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,同溶解度较小MgCl2相比,更有利于合成结晶度、规整度、尺寸更小的镁铝水滑石晶体.溶解度较大的镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石有更高的结晶度和规整度.EDS分析证实,溶解度较差的Al2O3合成的镁铝水滑石纯度较差.溶解度较好的不同镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石不含有任何其它阴离子杂质,平均镁铝比约为3,非常接近LDHs的理论值.     

Local Al site distribution in aluminosilicate glasses by Al MQMAS NMR

Coordination and local environment around Al in glasses and liquids is a long-standing question, which has been a controversial issue in geochemistry and glass science. Nuclear magnetic resonance at high-field (750 MHz) was employed to investigate the geochemically and industrially important CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system. We show that Al remains mainly in tetrahedral position in glasses, however, the presence of five-fold coordinated aluminum is the general rule throughout the ternary CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ system, except for the low silica percalcic region. The proportion of five-fold (Al^V) and six-fold (Al^VI) coordinated Al was quantified to determine the effects of composition overall the peralkaline part. Moreover our results indicate that Al may occupy more polymerized positions than Si. These two findings do put new questions to the modeling/understanding of these glasses and their parent liquids.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体及其陶瓷的性能研究

以硝酸铝、柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对Al2O3粉体的晶体结构、形貌及粒径进行表征,并研究以MgO-CuO-TiO2作为添加剂时,Al2O3陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能.结果表明:干凝胶经1000℃煅烧2h后得到了分散性良好的Al2O3粉体,粒径大约为50～ 80 nm.随着MgO掺杂量的增加,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度、介电常数以及Q·f值都呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着温度的升高,烧结体的相对密度不断增大.当烧结温度为1500℃,MgO含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的综合性能较好:相对密度为91.52;,介电常数和Q·f值达到最大值分别为9.46,19862 GHz.     

Irradiation-induced changes in the local environment of Si and Al in LnSiAlON glasses as probed by Al and Si NMR

Two compounds have been studied: an oxide glass from the Y-Si-Al-O system and an oxynitride glass from the Y-Si-Al-O-N system, both bombarded with Sn-ions (975 MeV, fluences ranging from 10¹² to 2.7 × 10¹³ Sn/cm²). The changes in the environment of the silicon and the aluminium were investigated using NMR spectroscopy. Irradiation by Sn ions leads to a loss of nitrogen in the silicon and probably the aluminium environments. Part of the aluminium changes from a network former coordination to a network modifier coordination while the oxide silicate network exhibits a higher cross-linking due to an increase of the population of bridging oxygen. Part of the aluminium in five-fold coordination is formed at the expense of aluminium in six-fold coordination in the case of the oxynitride glass and the changes in the silicon environment occur at lower fluences than for the oxide glass.     

Al2O3陶瓷非等温烧结研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用非等温烧结法制备了纯Al2O3陶瓷(AL)及掺杂MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的AJ2O3陶瓷(ALMY).研究了AL和ALMY在不同烧结温度下的相对密度、显微结构及硬度.结果表明,在非等温烧结中,纯Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围较窄,烧结温度为1500℃时,其相对密度及硬度分别为98.1;和18.1GPa,当烧结温度为1600℃时,AL由于晶粒显著粗化,且产生了晶内气孔,相对密度及硬度分别显著下降到94.6;和12.5 GPa.MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的引入拓宽了Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围,细化了显微结构,烧结温度在1500℃和1600℃时,ALMY的相对密度均在98;以上,硬度分别为19.2 GPa和17.6 GPa.     

Fe_3Al金属间化合物的机械合金化制备

采用钢球为研磨球,以单质Fe、Al为原料,对不同配比的Fe-Al混合粉体在无保护气氛和非真空条件下进行机械球磨,获得了Fe(Al)超饱和固溶体,对其进行真空退火制备了Fe3Al金属间化合物。XRD和DSC分析表明:在球磨大约10 h以后,粉体中单质Al的数量开始减少,且随着球磨时间的延长,这种趋势更加明显;球磨80 h后,粉体中单质Al已全部固溶于Fe中,形成了Fe(Al)超饱和固溶体。这说明在无保护气氛和非真空条件下机械合金化法可以制得较纯的Fe3Al金属间化合物。     

Change in environmental structure around Al in Zr60Ni25Al15 metallic glass upon crystallization studied by nuclear magnetic resonance

In order to investigate the structural evolution around Al, pulse NMR experiments were carried out on ²⁷Al in the Zr₆₀Ni₂₅Al₁₅ metallic glass and the related crystalline compound, Zr₆NiAl₂. Different chemical shift peaks were observed around 2750 and 3000 ppm in the as-quenched Zr₆₀Ni₂₅Al₁₅ and crystalline compound, Zr₆NiAl₂, respectively. Considering that the capped triangular prism of Zr₉Al₃ is formed around Al in the Zr₆NiAl₂ crystal, chemical correlation pairs of Al–Zr and/or Al–Al are fairly faint while that of Al–Ni may be dominant instead in the as-quenched state. These results suggest an inhomogenous chemical bonding nature in the Zr₆₀Ni₂₅Al₁₅ metallic glass. The resonant peaks around 3000 ppm, which were distinctive in the Zr₆NiAl₂ crystal, appeared and became stronger upon crystallization through the relaxed state. Thus, drastic change in the local atomic configuration around Al was confirmed so as to form the unlike chemical correlation pairs of Al–Zr upon crystallization. The high glass-forming ability of the Zr₆₀Ni₂₅Al₁₅ metallic glass should be attributed to the difficulties of significant atomic redistribution of the constituents around Al.     

均匀共沉淀法制备NiO包覆Al粉体及性能研究

采用均匀共沉淀法制备了NiO包覆片状铝粉的NiO/Al复合粉末,系统研究了制备工艺对NiO/Al复合粉末红外发射率的影响。采用XRD和SEM对复合粒子的晶体结构及表面形貌进行了分析,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和矢量网络分析仪对复合粉末的红外发射率和电磁参数进行了测试。结果表明:当铝粉的量为2.0 g,反应时间7.0 h,反应温度70℃,煅烧温度450℃时,所得复合粉末的红外发射率最低0.5556;复合粉末的表面NiO包覆较为完整,复合粉末呈片状,厚度基本均匀;复合粉末具有较好的电磁性能。     

Phase segregation of non-stoichiometric aluminosilicate gels characterized by Al and Si MAS-NMR

Polymeric aluminosilicate gels with Al₂O₃/SiO₂ molar ratios of 1.3/2, 2.5/2, 3/2 and 4.7/2 were prepared by gelling a mixture of tetraethoxysilane and ethyl acetoacetate aluminium diisopropoxide. Mullite, without any other crystalline phase, directly crystallizes from the gel matrix at about 1000 °C for all investigated samples. The Al₂O₃ or SiO₂ crystalline phase can only be detected at relatively high temperatures accompanying the modification of mullite in the lattice structure. ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS-NMR studies indicate that segregation of Al and Si atoms occurs in all samples below 900 °C in the amorphous state, regardless of the gel composition. However, the species of segregated units are very different and strongly dependent on the composition of the starting gels. This segregation may not cause the exothermic effect in differential thermal analysis examination, but it appears to be responsible for the composition change behavior of crystalline mullite with different heat treatment.     

超声喷雾热解法制备铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜

采用超声喷雾热解法在玻璃衬底上制作了不同浓度Al掺杂的ZnO: Al薄膜(AZO).采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)、反射光谱(Res)、四探针测试仪等测试了不同Al掺杂浓度下AZO薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构和光学、电学性能.SEM结果表明低掺杂浓度时AZO表面致密,随着Al浓度的增加薄膜表面孔洞增多,平整度降低.XRD结果表明当nZn/nAl物质的量比为100: 5时, AZO薄膜为c轴择优取向纤锌矿结构.PL谱结果表明不同浓度的Al掺杂AZO薄膜具有近带边紫外发射和深能级发射两个发射峰,且紫外发射峰随着Al3+浓度的增加先蓝移后红移.反射光谱表明所有样品在可见光区的反射率较低..方阻测试结果表明当nZn/nAl为100: 5时,AZO薄膜具有良好的导电性.