化学溶液分解法合成亚稳相硅酸铋(Bi2SiO5)粉体

本文以正硅酸乙酯和五水硝酸铋为原料,按nBi∶nSi为1∶2配比,搅拌超声后形成溶胶-凝胶,干燥后在650℃下煅烧2h,可得到物相纯净的Bi2SiO5粉体.该粉体为鳞片状150 ～250nm左右的微晶.通过XRD、SEM、IR对产物的结构和形貌进行分析,研究了反应过程的影响因素及其形成的机理,并通过PL分析其光学性能.     

正硅酸乙酯为碳源制备C@ZrSiO4色料的研究

采用正硅酸乙酯为碳源和硅源,四氯化锆为锆源,LiF为矿化剂,通过非水解溶胶-凝胶法(NHSG)制备了硅酸锆包裹炭黑(C@ZrSiO4)色料.通过XRD和SEM研究了前驱体和矿化剂浓度对硅酸锆合成及显微形貌的影响,同时采用CIE-L*a+b+色度仪考察了该色料的色度.实验结果表明,正硅酸乙酯中的乙氧基原位炭化成细小的碳粒作为发色基团,同时与氯化锆通过非水解溶胶-凝胶反应生成硅酸锆均匀包裹于炭黑颗粒表面.随着前驱体浓度的增大原位碳含量增加,C@ZrSiO4色料黑度提高;前驱体浓度高于3mol·L-1时样品颗粒团聚严重,同时过厚的包裹层不利于色料发色.经氮气气氛900℃热处理2h,空气气氛800℃热处理2h后制备出的C@ZrSiO4黑色包裹色料具有良好的色度值,L* =44.54,a*=0.82,b*=2.84,施于透明基础釉中经1200℃煅烧仍能保持优异的呈色能力.     

硅酸锶粉体的溶胶-凝胶制备工艺及机理

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和Sr(NO3)2为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出高纯度的不规则形状硅酸锶粉体。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和差热-热重分析仪等研究了锶盐种类、水硅比和pH值对硅酸锶粉体的相结构、形貌和纯度的影响,探讨了溶胶-凝胶法制备硅酸锶粉体的反应过程与机理。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法制备Sr2S iO4粉体的最佳工艺条件为:锶盐选择Sr(NO3)2,n(H2O)∶n(TEOS)∶n(EtOH)为24∶1∶5,pH值为3~4,煅烧温度为800℃。与传统高温固相反应法相比,该方法大幅度降低了煅烧温度,提高了粉体的纯度,同时能够减小最终获得的硅酸锶粉体粒径。     

pH值和烧结温度对溶胶-凝胶方法制备堇青石粉体性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯、镁盐和铝盐为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成堇青石粉体,通过TGA-DSC、XRD等测试手段,讨论了反应体系pH值和烧结温度对产物晶相和性能的影响.结果表明:体系pH值为2的试样,在900℃时,出现尖晶石相和假蓝宝石相,升温到1000℃的时候,开始有μ-堇青石出现,在1250℃煅烧2h几乎全部转化为α-堇青石,体系pH为7的试样,在900℃时,有μ-堇青石形成,经1250℃煅烧后,β-堇青石相增多,μ-堇青石相和镁铝尖晶石相消失,合成粉体的平均晶粒尺寸随pH值增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,在不同温度煅烧下的压片试样,体系pH值为7的试样收缩最大.     

非水解和水解溶胶-凝胶法合成MgAl2O4粉体对比研究

分别采用非水解和水解溶胶-凝胶法制备MgAl2O4粉体,利用DTA-TG、XRD和FE-SEM等研究了凝胶煅烧过程中的相变化、粉体形貌及其烧结性能.研究表明,水解凝胶经900℃煅烧0.5h后可形成大量镁铝尖晶石晶相,但仍有少量的方镁石相存在,非水解凝胶经900℃煅烧0.5h后只有镁铝尖晶石晶相.采用水解和非水解法所合成MgAl2O4粉体的平均粒径分别为90nm和50 nm,其经1600℃烧结3h后晶粒尺寸分别为1～2 μm和0.5 ～1μm,晶粒多呈八面体形状,相比之下,采用水解法时MgAl2O4晶体发育较好,出现了明显的生长台阶.     

非水解-溶胶凝胶法制备锆铁红色料影响因素的研究

以工业纯无水四氯化锆、正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,铁的无机盐为着色剂,氟化物为矿化剂,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法低温制备了锆铁红色料.应用DTA-TG、XRD、色度仪和TEM研究了凝胶化工艺、矿化剂和铁源对锆铁红色料的影响.结果表明:回流结合容弹热处理工艺可以促进ZrSiO4晶体发育充分,有利于ZrSiO4对色料的包裹;由于铁源转变为氧化铁的温度与矿化剂条件下ZrSiO4的合成温度须相适应,当以UF为矿化剂时,ZrSiO4的合成温度降至650℃,FeCl3为适宜的着色剂;而以MgF2为矿化剂时,ZrSiO4的合成温度提高至850℃,FeSO4为适宜的着色剂.     

聚氨酯增强二氧化硅气凝胶常压干燥制备及其性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为偶联剂,聚氨酯为增强相,经水解缩聚形成凝胶后通过常压干燥工艺制备聚氨酯增强二氧化硅复合气凝胶.采用傅立叶红外光谱对样品的化学结构进行表征,并通过扫描电镜、比表面积与孔径分析仪,万能试验机和接触角仪等对所制得气凝胶的微观形貌、孔结构,力学和疏水性性能进行了分析.结果表明,所制备的气凝胶的孔径分布范围为2.0～25.0 nm,是一种具有三维网状结构的介孔材料,并且具有良好的力学性能,15wt;聚氨酯增强的气凝胶的压缩模量达到4MPa,同时疏水性也得到了提高,其接触角为77.73°.     

非水解和水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜的对比研究

分别采用非水解和水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜,利用FTIR、TG-DSC和XRD等手段研究了薄膜形成过程中的溶胶-凝胶转变过程和相变化过程,并探讨了非水解和水解溶胶-凝胶法的微观反应机制.研究表明:非水解溶胶-凝胶法与水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜的微观反应机制不同,水解溶胶-凝胶法是钛酸丁酯的Ti-O键合(TiOR)断裂形成水解产物Ti-OH,再经失水缩聚或是失醇缩聚反应形成Ti-O-Ti键合.而非水解溶胶-凝胶法是在不生成Ti-OH的情况下,利用Ti-Cl与Ti-OR通过亲核反应直接缩聚反应产生Ti-O-Ti键合.非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜开始出现金红石相的温度为750℃,明显高于水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜.     

络合溶胶-凝胶法制备不同形貌的莫来石微晶

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以Al(NO3)3·9H2O、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为主要原料,分别以草酸、柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸钠为络合剂,合成了具有不同微观形貌的莫来石粉体.并运用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外傅里叶变换分析仪(FFIR)、EDS能谱及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对制备的莫来石粉体的物相、形貌和元素组成进行了表征.结果表明:莫来石的开始合成温度在1046℃左右,而实际后处理温度要达到1300℃才能得到结晶良好且为单一物相的莫来石粉体.通过添加不同络合剂,经过煅烧,均得到了物相单一,形貌分别为棒状、棒簇状和花纹状莫来石微晶.     

纳米高近红外反射颜料制备工艺研究

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米高近红外反射颜料,研究了Fe/Cr摩尔比、水解温度、溶液金属离子浓度、pH值、煅烧温度等因素对凝胶时间及试样性能的影响.结果表明,在Fe/Cr摩尔比为0.50,水解温度70℃,溶液金属离子浓度为2.5～3.5 mol/L,pH =3 ～4,煅烧温度为900℃保温60 min的条件下,制备颜料的主晶相为Cr1.3Fe0.7O3,近红外波段范围内(700～2500 nm)其平均反射率可达到77.58;,晶粒尺寸在50～ 200 nm之间.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.