优质DKDP晶体的点状籽晶生长及其表征研究

本文在研究DKDP溶液稳定性的基础上,采用Z切点状籽晶(5mm×5mm×3mm)生长了多块DKDP晶体,在250ml和1000ml生长瓶中分别获得了在[100]和[001]向生长速度可达到3mm/d和4.5 mm/d的点状籽晶生长优质DKDP晶体的生长条件.通过等离子体发射光谱(ICP)和紫外可见光谱分析发现DKDP晶体柱面的金属离子含量比锥面高,柱面的紫外可见吸收比锥面大.性能测试结果表明,点状籽晶全方位生长的DKDP晶体的激光损伤阈值约为5GW/cm2、半波电压约为4kV、动态消光比约为1600∶1,发现与传统方法生长晶体的性能没有明显的差别.     

生长方式对DKDP晶体质量的影响研究

本文进行了片状籽晶c向生长、点状籽晶全方位生长和锥头籽晶c向生长等不同方式的DKDP晶体生长研究。通过对不同生长方式分析、对比,认为锥头籽晶c向生长为最佳生长方式,以此方式在体积为10L的育晶器中顺利地生长出了c向尺寸达145mm的DKDP晶体。通过{100}晶面和{101}晶面面网密度和生长基元在不同晶面上成键的键能估算,结合晶体生长的Bravais法则和PBC理论对DKDP晶体生长习性进行了理论解释,同时对全方位生长晶体质量问题的成因进行了讨论。     

DKDP晶体快速生长的研究

本文研究了DKDP晶体溶液中的有害杂质、过热方式和溶液稳定性的关系。根据DKDP晶体快速生长的特点,设计了新的晶体生长装置。并利用新的生长装置进行了DKDP晶体的快速生长,生长出60mm×60mm×60mm的高光学质量的DKDP晶体。测量了快速生长出的DKDP晶体的透过率和光学均匀性。     

KDP晶体的点状籽晶法生长及其缺陷研究

研究了溶液Ph值对KDP晶体生长形态的影响,进行了晶体生长实验和参数对比.以提高溶液Ph值为主要手段在低过饱和度下进行KDP晶体点状生长.对点状法生长的晶体进行了缺陷分析,测定了晶体不同区域的金属离子含量并进行了对比分析.实验表明溶液Ph值对晶体各向的相对生长速度有显著的影响.在Ph=5.0、低过饱和度(σ＜0.02)条件下生长出50×50×50mm3的晶体.     

DKDP晶体亚稳相生长研究

本文通过大量DKDP晶体亚稳相生长实验,对影响DKDP亚稳相生长体系稳定性、晶体生长速率和质量的因素进行了研究,并简要探讨了其影响机理,提出了消除或减弱不利影响的措施,为生长优质大尺寸DKDP晶体提供了依据.     

溶液降温法快速生长KDP晶体的新装置

利用溶液降温法分别在锥形底生长装置和传统晶体生长装置中进行了KDP晶体点状籽晶法快速生长实验,对KDP晶体的生长条件进行了对比,分析了不同生长装置对KDP溶液稳定性的影响,利用扫描电镜观察了KDP晶体中的包裹体,测定了晶体的透过率,对比分析了锥形瓶快速生长装置的优越性.     

KDP/DKDP晶体生长的研究进展

采用传统降温法,KDP晶体的生长速度一般在1～2 mm/d,DKDP晶体的生长速度甚至更慢,并且晶体的恢复区域较大,利用率低;而采用快速生长法,晶体的生长速度可以提高到20～50 mm/d,并且晶体的恢复区域小,利用率高.本文回顾了KDP/DKDP晶体生长的研究进展.并重点评述了KDP/DKDP晶体快速生长的研究进展,报道了近年来大尺寸、高质量KDP晶体的研究动态.     

原料对DKDP晶体生长习性及光学性能的影响

通过传统降温法,利用不同原料从氘化程度为85;的溶液中生长DKDP晶体并对加工样品进行了相关测试.研究了不同原料对DKDP晶体的生长和光学性能的影响.实验表明:采用高纯原料所得DKDP晶体的光学性能提高,但其晶体生长容易出现外扩现象.     

KDP晶体生长过程中溶液稳定性的研究

在KDP晶体生长过程中,溶液的稳定性对KDP晶体的光学质量影响较大.溶液的稳定性是多种因素共同作用的结果.本文主要研究了过饱和KDP溶液中晶胚的分布情况、降温过程中晶体生长驱动力与降温速度之间的关系,并分析了KDP晶体实际生长过程中影响溶液稳定性的主要因素.我们认为,通过改善KDP晶体生长过程中溶液的稳定性,并与其它措施和技术相结合,是提高KDP晶体光学质量的有效途径.     

以H2SO4为添加剂降温法生长PET晶体

采用H2SO4作为季戊四醇(PET)晶体生长的添加剂,用溶液降温法在5 L生长槽内生长出45 mm×45 mm×40 mm 的PET单晶,生长速度达到1.5 mm/d,比纯态溶液生长晶体的速度提高2倍.采用XRD、FT-IR和TG等测试方法对晶体进行表征,实验表明添加剂H2SO4不影响晶体的结构完整性.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

4- and 5-nitroindane

Mononitration of indane produces a mixture of 4- and 5- nitroindanes. Crystallization from mixtures occurs after distillation improves composition of a major component to above 80%. 4-Nitroindane: triclinic, space group (#2),a=7.332(4) Å,b=8.304(4) Å,c=8.358(4) Å, =61.43(4)°, =67.60(4)°, =70.15(4)°,V=405.4(4) ų,Z=2. Non-H-atoms are nearly planar, aliphatic H's are eclipsed. 5-Nitroindane: monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c (#14),a=10.946(8) Å,b=15.643(10) Å,c=9.415(6) Å, =92.34(5)°,V=1611(2) ų,Z=8. Non-H-atoms in the two molecules differ in torsion of the nitro group with respect to indane and fold of the nonbenzylic methylene group. Semiempirical calculations (PM3) suggest that distorsion from planarity may be associated with the two lowest energy vibrational modes. Uv, ir, ms, proton, and¹³C-nmr spectra are correlated with the solid state structures.     

6<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,8α-Dihydroxy-14,15-Dihydrocarapin (Khayanone) from the Stem Bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Khaya Senegalensis</Emphasis> (Meliaceae): Isolation and its Crystal Structure

Khayanone was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and characterized as 6S,8α-dihydroxy-14,15-dihydrocarapin on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 ₁ 2 ₁ 2 with unit cell parameters: a = 13.2315(19) Å, c = 29.118(6) Å, Z = 8. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0375 for 4552 unique reflections. The six-membered rings A and B exist in boat conformations, rings C and D in chair conformations, and the furan ring is planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. This is the first report about 6S configuration of mexicanolide revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The configuration of oxygenated C-6 in mexicanolide-group limonoids is discussed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance: a powerful tool to study liquid crystals

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique widely used to investigate materials and soft matter in particular. In this brief review, the main uses of NMR techniques to investigate different aspects of liquid crystals, such as the orientational and dynamic properties, the supramolecular structure and average molecular conformations, are described. In the second part of the paper, the case study of a ‘de Vries’ liquid crystal is reported and the main results obtained by combining different NMR techniques are discussed.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)