Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

为提高纳米TiO2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,采用两步水热法制备具有高催化性能的Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、TEM等仪器对其表面微观形貌和形态大小、表面元素组成、物相结构等进行表征,并研究了TiO2的比表面积和Ag3PO4颗粒尺寸大小对Ag3PO4/TiO2光催化性能的影响.以亚甲基蓝(MB)和苯酚为目标降解物来考察复合光催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:1h后Ag3PO4、TiO2、Ag3PO4/TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率为25;、42;、92;;复合光催化剂Ag3PO4/TiO2经过5次光催化降解实验后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍可达78;.     

CdS/TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光催化性能

采用阳极氧化法在纯钛箔上制备出TiO2纳米管阵列,再通过化学水浴沉积法在TiO2纳米管阵列上负载CdS纳米颗粒.利用XRD、FESEM和UV-Vis分光光度计对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和光学性质进行表征,并研究了不同含量CdS负载的复合薄膜对光催化降解气相苯性能的影响.结果表明,CdS纳米颗粒均匀沉积到TiO2纳米管阵列上,所制备的复合薄膜光吸收带边均扩展到了可见光区.CdS的修饰大幅度提高了TiO2纳米管阵列对气相苯的光催化降解活性,其中负载CdS质量分数为3;的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化活性最佳,80 min内对气相苯的去除率为80;,终产物CO2的浓度为640 mg/m3.     

Ag/TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag掺杂纳米TiO2,结合XRD、TEM、Uv-vis等测试手段,对样品的结构和性能进行了表征.以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,探讨了Ag掺杂纳米TiO2的光催化活性,分析了Ag掺杂纳米TiO2提高光催化性能的机理.结果表明,Ag掺杂使TiO2晶粒减小,拓展了TiO2的光谱响应范围,降低了光生电子和空穴的复合几率;Ag掺杂后,TiO2光催化剂的吸收光谱向可见光区发生红移.Ag掺杂量为n(Ag)∶n(TiO2)=0.08;,紫外光下240 min,Ag掺杂纳米TiO2前后材料对甲基橙溶液去除率由60.3;提高到83.1;.     

可控制备ZnxCd1-xS/TiO2复合纳米网及光催化性能

以TiO2纳米网为基底,采用循环伏安法将ZnxCd1-xS纳米粒子可控沉积在TiO2纳米网上,得到了ZnxCd1-xS/TiO2纳米网复合材料.在沉积过程中,探讨了沉积温度对ZnxCd1-xS粒子形成的影响,实验发现当沉积温度在75～80 ℃时,ZnxCd1-xS纳米粒子可以均匀的沉积在TiO2纳米网表面,并且没有堵塞TiO2纳米管的管口.以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为目标污染物,对催化剂的催化性能进行评估,并探讨pH值对催化效率的影响.结果表明:在模拟太阳光的照射下,ZnxCd1-xS/TiO2纳米网对2,4-D的降解率达到了99.4;,是相同条件下未修饰的TiO2纳米网的1.66倍.此外,当pH为3时,光催化降解效率最高,并表现出优异的稳定性能.     

TiO2/P3HT纳米复合材料光催化降解甲基橙的动力学研究

用化学氧化聚合法制备了导电聚合物聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT).用聚3-己基噻吩改性纳米二氧化钛,合成TiO2/P3HT纳米复合微粒.对其光催化降解甲基橙的反应动力学进行了分析,测定了反应的表观活化能.结果表明,纯纳米TiO2和TiO2/P3HT纳米复合微粒光催化降解甲基橙的反应均为一级反应;纳米TiO2经聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)修饰后在可见光下的光催化活性得到提高,且提高降解温度有利于提高甲基橙的降解率,纳米TiO2经P3HT修饰后降解甲基橙的表观活化能由23.44 KJ/mol下降到19.36 kJ/mol.     

Ag2O/TiO2异质结的光催化活性及耐光腐蚀性研究

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸铋和硝酸银为原料,FTO为基底,采用水热法结合超声沉积法合成了Ag2 O/TiO2异质结光催化剂.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)分析测试手段对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,Ag2O/TiO2异质结是由直径约200 ～ 300 nm的TiO2纳米棒镶嵌着Ag2O纳米颗粒组成,与TiO2纳米棒阵列相比,Ag2O/TiO2异质结在可见光区有明显的光吸收.Ag2O/TiO2异质结的光催化效率明显提高.尤为重要的是,经光处理后,最终得到稳定的Ag-Ag2O/TiO2三元体系,并对Ag-Ag2 O/TiO2三元体系提高光催化稳定性和活性的机理进行了分析.     

载Ag二氧化钛纳米线的制备及其光催化性能

利用水热合成法,制备出了二氧化钛纳米线,通过葡萄糖还原Ag(NH3)+2,在制备出的二氧化钛纳米线表面负载了 Ag纳米颗粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征.结果表明:该Ag/TiO2纳米线在可见光区域表现出较强的吸收性能.测试了样品降解酸性红3R溶液的活性.结果表明,TiO2纳米线表面负载Ag纳米颗粒对提高其光催化性能具有积极的作用.     

Ag-TiO2可见光响应光催化剂的制备及特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法技术,以CTAB为模板剂,制备出Ag掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料.利用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、N2吸附-脱附、UV-vis等测试手段对样品的组成、结构、形貌等进行表征.结果显示,加入CTAB的Ag-TiO2为锐钛矿型,产物中Ag以单质形式存在,材料表面疏松多孔,吸收光谱红移至可见光区.光催化活性通过在可见光照射下,降解亚甲基蓝来表征.结果表明,同等条件下Ag/CTAB-TiO2催化效率是纯TiO2的3倍,循环使用5次以后降解效率仍能达到85;以上.     

PAN/TiO2复合微粒的制备与表征

采用沉淀法合成聚丙烯腈(PAN),并通过化学吸附法制备得到PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒.采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)等方法对复合微粒的结构和性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,复合微粒的形貌、晶型和粒径和纯二氧化钛比较基本没有发生改变;PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒在可见光区的光吸收能力增强.对甲基橙降解实验研究结果表明,所制备的PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒具有良好的光催化降解性能,其14 h对甲基橙的降解去除率可以达到86.5;.     

Bi2 S3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)性能研究

环境中污染物的低耗能绿色处理方法,特别是环境中重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的绿色处理方法,是近年来的热点研究领域.本文首先制备了TiO2单晶颗粒,之后与不同量的Bi2 S3进行复合,制备了Bi2 S3/TiO2复合光催化材料.研究了不同的Bi2 S3复合量对所制备样品的组成、形貌、结构和光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)性能的影响.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、DRS、SPV等方法对样品进行了表征.研究结果表明,TiO2表面复合有棒状的Bi2 S3,复合样品对Cr(Ⅵ)的可见光光催化还原效率明显高于纯TiO2,其中0.02 mol/L的Bi(NO3)3反应液制备的复合样品具有最高光催化还原效率.对样品催化机理研究表明,Bi2 S3/TiO2复合材料的带隙随着Bi2 S3含量的增加而变窄,对可见光的吸收和利用效率明显提高;并且TiO2与Bi2 S3的复合,可以减弱光生电子和空穴的复合,从而有效地利用了光生电子,提高了样品对Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原效率.     

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3无铅压电陶瓷的介电特性研究

采用固相合成法制备了(1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-x(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn/23Nb2/3)O3(简写为(1-x)NBT-xNBZN)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了该体系陶瓷晶体结构、弥散相变特征与介电弛豫行为.X射线衍射分析表明,所研究的组成均能够形成纯钙钛矿(ABO3)型固溶体.当x≥0.5%摩尔分数时,该体系陶瓷具有三方、四方共存的晶体结构.材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷具有两个介电反常峰Tf和Tm.修正的居里-外斯公式较好的描述了陶瓷弥散相变特征,弥散指数随x的增加而增加.x≤0.5%摩尔分数的陶瓷仅在低温介电反常峰Tf附近表现出明显的频率依赖性,随x的增加,陶瓷材料在室温和低温介电反常峰Tf之间都表现出明显的频率依赖性.根据有序-无序转变和宏畴.微畴转变理论探讨了该体系陶瓷介电弛豫特性的机理.     

Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3压电陶瓷的介电、铁电和压电性能

采用两步法制备了0.30Pb(In1/2 Nb1/2)O3-(0.70-x)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PIN-PNN-PT,x=0.33,0.35,0.37,0.39)压电陶瓷.研究了PIN-PNN-PT压电陶瓷的相结构、介电、铁电和压电性能.研究表明位于准同型相界(MPB)的组分0.30PIN-0.33PNN-0.37PT具有最佳电学性能,其居里温度TC、压电系数d33、平面机电耦合系数kp、自由介电常数ε二介电损耗tanδ、剩余极化Pr、矫顽场EC分别为200℃、386 pC/N、50;、2692、0.045、34 μC/cm2、18 kV/cm.结果 显示PIN-PNN-PT三元系相比于PNN-PT有更高的居里温度,同时保持了优异的压电性能.     

Precipitation of In2O3 nano-crystallites from glasses in the system Na2O/B2O3/Al2O3/In2O3

Glasses in the system Na₂O/B₂O₃/Al₂O₃/In₂O₃ were melted and subsequently tempered in the range from 500 to 700 °C. Depending on the chemical composition, various crystalline phases were observed. From samples without Al₂O₃, In₂O₃ could not be crystallized from homogeneous glasses, because either spontaneous In₂O₃ crystallization occurred during cooling, or other phases such as NaInO₂ were formed during tempering. The addition of alumina, however, controlled the crystallization of In₂O₃. Depending on the crystallization temperature applied, the crystallite sizes were in the range from 13 to 53 nm. The glass matrix can be dissolved by soaking the powdered glass in water. This procedure can be used to prepare nano-crystalline In₂O₃-powders.     

Optical Properties of Bi2O3-TeO2-B2O3 Glasses

Glasses of the Bi₂O₃-TeO₂-B₂O₃ ternary system were developed and their linear and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. The absorption edges of these glasses were found to be 367-384 nm with a good transmittance in visible wavelength, although they exhibit the refractive indices as high as 1.98-2.12 at 633 nm. The absorption edges are quite steep and they are analyzed by the Urbach theory. The obtained Urbach energies of these glasses are 73-79 meV which are comparable to silica glasses. The high refractive index and its glass composition dependency are discussed according to the basics of the electronic polarizability and optical basicity. The high third order nonlinear susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ = 2.0 × 10^− 12 esu at 800 nm was also obtained in the 36Bi₂O₃-18TeO₂-46B₂O₃ glass.     

Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3弛豫铁电晶体的生长及表征

采用高温溶液法生长了准同型相界(MPB)四元弛豫铁电单晶Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2) O3-Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3,得到较大尺寸且具有规则外形的立方单晶.研究结果表明所生长的晶体为钙钛矿结构,立方晶粒平整的暴露面均为(001)面;晶体以层状方式生长,生长机制为搭桥生长;所生长晶体的矫顽场Ec～3.52kV/cm,三方四方相变温度Tr-t～104℃,居里温度Tc～149.5℃,压电常数d33～1089 pC/N,剩余极化强度Pr～25.4 μC/cm2;随着频率增加,晶体的相变弥散度减小.     

Spectroscopic properties of Er-doped Na2O-Sb2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glasses

Spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺-doped Na₂O-Sb₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glasses have been investigated for developing 1.5-μm broadband fiber amplifiers. An intense 1.5-μm near infrared emission with a broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 88 nm has been obtained for Er³⁺-doped 5Na₂O-20Sb₂O₃-35B₂O₃-40SiO₂ glass upon excitation with a 980 nm laser diode. The obtained emission cross-section of the ⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition and the lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level of Er³⁺ ions are 6.8 × 10⁻²¹ cm² and 0.36 ms, respectively. It is noted that the product of the emission cross-section and the FWHM of the glass, σ_e × FWHM, is as great as 598.4 × 10⁻²¹ cm² nm, which is comparable or higher than that of Er³⁺-doped bismuth-based and tellurite-based glasses. These special optical properties encourage in identifying them as important materials for potential applications in high performance optics and optical communication networks.     

Thermo-optic properties of B2O3 doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

Reduction in the temperature coefficient of the optical path length, dS/dT of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass-ceramics with near-zero thermal expansion coefficient was attempted using control of the temperature coefficient of electronic polarizability, ?, and the thermal expansion coefficient, α. The dS/dT value of 2.6 mol% B₂O₃-doped glass-ceramic was 12.5  × 10⁻⁶/°C, which was 0.9 ×  10⁻⁶/°C smaller than that of B₂O₃-free glass-ceramic. On the other hand, reduction in dS/dT through B₂O₃ doping was not confirmed in precursor glasses. Results showed that reduction in dS/dT of the glass-ceramic through B₂O₃ doping is caused by the reduction in ?. The reduction in ? from B₂O₃ doping was probably attributable to numerical reduction in non-bridging oxide ions with larger ? value by the concentration of boron ions in the residual glass phase. In addition, application of hydrostatic pressure during crystallization was effective to inhibit precipitation of β-spodumene solid solution, which thereby decreases dS/dT. The dS/dT value of B₂O₃-doped glass-ceramic crystallized under 196 MPa was 11.7 ×  10⁻⁶/°C. That value was slightly larger than that of silica glass. The α value of this glass-ceramic was smaller than that of silica glass.     

Optical properties of and concentration quenching in Bi2O3-B2O3-Ga2O3 glasses

Er₂O₃-doped Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-Ga₂O₃ glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method, and the Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2 fluorescence properties are studied for different Er³⁺ concentrations. when the Er₂O₃ concentration increases from 0.03 to 3.0 mol%, the measured lifetime of Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2 level decrease from 2.24 to 0.9 m s, and from 0.25 to 0.20 m s for the Er³⁺:⁴I_11/2 level. The fast energy migration among Er³⁺ ions cause the reduction of lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level, whereas the change in the ⁴I_11/2 level is mainly due to a cooperative upconversion process (⁴I_11/2, ⁴I_11/2) → (⁴F_7/2, ⁴I_15/2). Based on the dipole-dipole interaction theory, the interaction parameter, C_Er,Er, for the migration rate of Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2 ↔ ⁴I_13/2 was calculated to be 32 × 10⁻⁴⁰ cm⁶ s⁻¹.     

Effect of Al2O3 on phase separation and crystallization in ZnO---Al2O3---B2O3---SiO2 glasses

The effect of alumina on the phase separation and the crystallization of the glasses of composition (mol%) 18ZnO·30B₂O₃·52SiO₂ and O-40 Al₂O₃ was studied using an electron microscope and IR spectroscopy. The main crystalline phase appears in the microphase for which the compositions are not nearer to the crystal stoichiometry than the mean. The addition of Al₂O₃ suppresses the immiscibility but enhances the crystallizability.     

Study of the structural insertion of Al in the Al2O3-SiO2 and Nd2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass systems

Glasses in the Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and Nd₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ systems were prepared by the sol-gel method. The gel-glass evolution was studied using near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results obtained indicate a relationship between the sample compositions, the treatment temperature and the Al coordination. In the samples of the Nd₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system the densification of the structure, when the treatment temperature increases, leads to the segregation of neodymium oxide particles.