Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

为提高纳米TiO2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,采用两步水热法制备具有高催化性能的Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、TEM等仪器对其表面微观形貌和形态大小、表面元素组成、物相结构等进行表征,并研究了TiO2的比表面积和Ag3PO4颗粒尺寸大小对Ag3PO4/TiO2光催化性能的影响.以亚甲基蓝(MB)和苯酚为目标降解物来考察复合光催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:1h后Ag3PO4、TiO2、Ag3PO4/TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率为25;、42;、92;;复合光催化剂Ag3PO4/TiO2经过5次光催化降解实验后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍可达78;.     

纳米Cu2O/Ag复合材料的制备、表征和抗菌活性研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了单分散性的球形纳米Cu2O,采用无还原剂的取代反应法在上面负载一层纳米Ag,制备了核壳结构的Cu2O/Ag纳米复合材料.利用透射电镜(TEM)分析了纳米Cu2O/Ag的形貌、并用X射线衍射测(XRD)X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了其物相组成,利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)研究了其光谱特征,用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为测试菌研究Cu2O/Ag抑菌性能.结果表明,Cu2O平均直径为150 nm,表面纳米Ag粒子直径为7 nm,形成核壳结构Cu2O/Ag对大肠杆菌抑菌率为93 ;, 对金黄色葡萄球菌为95;.     

CdS/TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光催化性能

采用阳极氧化法在纯钛箔上制备出TiO2纳米管阵列,再通过化学水浴沉积法在TiO2纳米管阵列上负载CdS纳米颗粒.利用XRD、FESEM和UV-Vis分光光度计对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和光学性质进行表征,并研究了不同含量CdS负载的复合薄膜对光催化降解气相苯性能的影响.结果表明,CdS纳米颗粒均匀沉积到TiO2纳米管阵列上,所制备的复合薄膜光吸收带边均扩展到了可见光区.CdS的修饰大幅度提高了TiO2纳米管阵列对气相苯的光催化降解活性,其中负载CdS质量分数为3;的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化活性最佳,80 min内对气相苯的去除率为80;,终产物CO2的浓度为640 mg/m3.     

晶体硅表面Ag纳米颗粒形貌控制及其对黑硅性能的影响

采用湿法化学法在太阳能级Si(100)表面沉积Ag纳米颗粒,并对Ag颗粒进行了退火处理.利用扫描电子显微镜研究了不同沉积时间及退火工艺对硅片表面Ag纳米颗粒形貌的影响规律.在此基础上采用退火前后的Ag纳米颗粒辅助化学腐蚀法制备了黑硅减反射结构,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了所制备黑硅的微结构,用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了所制备黑硅的反射率.研究表明,制备的Ag颗粒为不规则片状结构,并且随Ag沉积时间的延长,Ag颗粒逐渐长大.通过对样品退火处理,Ag颗粒收缩成球状纳米颗粒.利用未退火的Ag颗粒制备的黑硅呈不规则纳米线状微结构,在300 ～ 1100 nm范围内平均反射率为2.7;;而利用退火后球状Ag纳米颗粒制备的黑硅则呈多孔状微结构,同样波长范围内平均反射率为14.2;.     

Ag3PO4/GO复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

采用原位沉淀法以GO为基体负载Ag3PO4纳米颗粒制备Ag3PO4/GO复合材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对其进行表征,结果显示,Ag3PO4纳米颗粒呈现近似球状,巨在GO薄膜表面均匀分布.光催化降解RhB结果表明,Ag3PO4/GO复合材料在可见光下具有很好的光催化性能,光照60 min后,RhB降解率可达95.7;,较之纯Ag3PO4有着显著增加.催化剂重复使用4次,降解率仍然达到80.7;,表现出较好的稳定性.降解机理研究表明,h+是降解RhB的主要活性物质.     

Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能分析

在制备的Ag纳米线的基础上,用水热法合成了Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见双光束分光光度计(UV-vis)、光致发光扫描仪(PL)等检测设备对样品的成分、形貌、微结构及光学性能进行了表征.结果显示,制备的Ag/ZnS复合材料为ZnS纳米颗粒包覆Ag纳米线的核壳结构,其紫外吸收峰位于350 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒变宽并发生红移,PL发射峰位于462 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒发生了蓝移,强度明显降低.光催化结果显示,Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的光催化性能优于ZnS纳米颗粒,分析了光催化反应机理.     

CdWO4纳米晶形貌可控合成

分别以氯化镉、草酸镉、碳酸镉、柠檬酸镉和钨酸钠为原料,在没有采用模板和表面活性剂的条件下,采用水热法可控制备出了钨酸镉纳米颗粒、纳米棒、纳米束和纳米线.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品进行了表征.结果表明:[WO42-]/[Cd2+]摩尔比、反应时间及先驱体的类型对产物的形貌和尺寸有着重要的影响.     

乙酰丙酮对PMMA负载锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜及其光催化性能影响

以钛酸丁酯作为钛源,水为溶剂,乙酰丙酮(AcAcH)为表面修饰剂,采用微波水热辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶二氧化钛水溶液,利用提拉镀膜法在聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基板上沉积得到了透明TiO2纳米晶薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对TiO2纳米颗粒和薄膜的晶相组成、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.同时通过紫外光光催化降解罗丹明B研究了TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.结果表明:通过引入乙酰丙酮,可以得到高度分散、晶相为锐钛矿型的TiO2水溶胶,在PMMA基板上沉积得到的薄膜表面平整、致密,具有良好的透光率,经过180 min紫外光照射,对罗丹明B的降解率达到90;以上.     

银掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及其锂电性能

采用银镜反应对阳极氧化法制备的三维有序TiO2纳米管阵列进行Ag掺杂,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及X射线能量色散光谱仪(EDX)研究了复合Ag/TiO2纳米管阵列的微观结构及形貌;并进一步利用恒流充/放电、循环伏安(CV)及交流阻抗(AC)等方法测试其电化学性能.结果表明:复合Ag/TiO2纳米管的首次放电比容量为168 mAh/g,高于纯TiO2纳米管的118 mAh/g,且具有更好的稳定性能及倍率性能;性能改善的原因不仅得益于导电率的提高,而且得益于Ag作为负极材料时具有储锂活性.     

PAN/TiO2复合微粒的制备与表征

采用沉淀法合成聚丙烯腈(PAN),并通过化学吸附法制备得到PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒.采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)等方法对复合微粒的结构和性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,复合微粒的形貌、晶型和粒径和纯二氧化钛比较基本没有发生改变;PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒在可见光区的光吸收能力增强.对甲基橙降解实验研究结果表明,所制备的PAN/TiO2纳米复合微粒具有良好的光催化降解性能,其14 h对甲基橙的降解去除率可以达到86.5;.     

Ag2O/TiO2异质结的光催化活性及耐光腐蚀性研究

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸铋和硝酸银为原料,FTO为基底,采用水热法结合超声沉积法合成了Ag2 O/TiO2异质结光催化剂.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)分析测试手段对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,Ag2O/TiO2异质结是由直径约200 ～ 300 nm的TiO2纳米棒镶嵌着Ag2O纳米颗粒组成,与TiO2纳米棒阵列相比,Ag2O/TiO2异质结在可见光区有明显的光吸收.Ag2O/TiO2异质结的光催化效率明显提高.尤为重要的是,经光处理后,最终得到稳定的Ag-Ag2O/TiO2三元体系,并对Ag-Ag2 O/TiO2三元体系提高光催化稳定性和活性的机理进行了分析.     

Controllable synthesis,characterization and optical properties of Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables

Core‐shell structures often exhibit improved physical and chemical properties. Developing a relatively general, facile, and low temperature synthetic approach for core‐shell structures with complex compositions is still a particularly challenging work. Here we report a general chemical conversion route to prepare high quality Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables via the redox reaction between Ag nanowires and FeCl₃ in solution. The powder X‐ray diffraction of the Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables shows additional diffraction peaks corresponding to AgCl crystals apart from the signals from the Ag nanowire cores. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of the Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables reveal that the Ag nanowires are coated with AgCl nanoparticles. The effect of the molar ratio of Fe:Ag on the morphology and optical absorption of the Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables is systematically investigated. The result shows that the optical absorption of Ag nanowires decreases gradually and that of AgCl nanoparticles improves gradually with the increase of the molar ratio of Fe:Ag. The formation process of the Ag@AgCl coaxial core‐shell nanocables has been discussed in detail. The present chemical conversion approach is expected to be employed in a broad range of applications to fabricate innovative core‐shell structures with different compositions and shapes for unique properties. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

In situ synthesis of Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles in silicate glass by a two-step ion-exchange route

Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoparticle/silicate glass composites were fabricated by means of a two-step ion-exchange and subsequently thermal treatment. Optical absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the influence of preparation conditions on the formation of Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles in silicate glass. The results show that the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles increases with ion-exchange duration when keeping the same annealing temperature and duration in hydrogen atmosphere during the first stage of Cu doped glass. The Cu doped glass is beneficial to the formation of Ag nanoparticles during subsequent Ag⁺ for Na⁺ ion exchange. Extending Cu⁺ for Na⁺ ion exchange duration makes against the introduction of Ag ions into the Cu doped glass and the formation of Ag nanoparticles in the glass matrix. A few Cu₂O nanoparticles were found in the glass matrix due to the oxidization of small Cu nanoparticles.     

Ag掺杂Sm2O3/TiO2对甲基橙光降解性能的影响

采用光沉积法制备Ag掺杂的光催化剂Ag-Sm2 O3/TiO2,并对其在紫外光区对甲基橙的光降解行为进行了研究.采用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附、SEM、TEM和XPS等手段对样品Ag-Sm2 O3/TiO2进行了表征,考察了Sm2 O3和Ag掺杂量对甲基橙紫外光降解活性的影响和催化剂Ag-Sm2 O3/TiO2的催化稳定性.结果表明,Sm2 O3/TiO2在紫外光照射下对甲基橙的光降解活性随着Sm2 O3的增大而减小;与样品Sm2 O3/TiO2相比,催化剂Ag-Sm2 O3/TiO2对甲基橙具有更好的紫外光降解活性,其催化活性随着Ag掺杂量的增加而减小.Ag和Sm2 O3掺杂量均为3.0wt;的催化剂Ag(3)-Sm2 O3(3)/TiO2对甲基橙紫外光降解的活性最高,在相同条件下的6次循环实验未出现明显失活.     

一步法制备BN/Si复合团簇结构

以球磨的B/BN混合物为原料,采用一步法在蘸有催化剂的硅片上合成了大量BN纳米刺包裹在Si纳米或微米线上的复合团簇结构.EDS和SAED表明外层的纳米刺是六方BN多晶,里面包裹的Si纳米或微米线则是立方的Si单晶.实验结果表明合成温度对BN/Si复合结构形成有重要影响,只有在1250 ℃以上的温度才会生成BN /Si复合团簇结构,另外只有当硅片与样品接触时才会形成复合产物.PL光谱显示复合产物在360 nm的激发下,其发光峰在303 nm(4.1 eV)和423 nm(2.93 eV)处.     

BiVO4/SiO2复合材料的制备及光学性能

以Bi(NO3)3 、NH4VO3 和Na2SiO3为原料,采用沉淀法制备了BiVO4/SiO2复合材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见光吸收测试(UV-vis)对样品的晶相组成、微观结构和紫外-可见光吸收特性进行了表征.紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明:BiVO4/SiO2复合材料具有较宽的紫外-可见光吸收范围,计算其光学带隙为2.39 eV.光催化降价亚甲基蓝性能测试表明:BiVO4包覆SiO2能有效提高其催化性能.     

Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorod/Ag nanoparticle composites

A simple sonochemical route for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods is reported. Ultrasonic irradiation of a mixture of ZnO nanorods, Ag(NH₃)₂⁺, and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium yields ZnO nanorod/Ag nanoparticle composites. The powder X‐ray diffraction of the ZnO/Ag composites shows additional diffraction peaks corresponding to the face‐center‐cubic structured Ag crystalline, apart from the signals from the ZnO nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of the ZnO/Ag composites reveal that the ZnO nanorods are coated with Ag nanoparticles with a mean size of several tens nanometer. The absorption band of ZnO/Ag composites is distinctly broadened and red‐shifted, indicating the strong interfacial interaction between ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles. This sonochemical method is simple, mild and readily scaled up, affording a simple way for synthesis of other composites. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

g-C3N4/TiO2可见光催化降解磺胺二甲基嘧啶的研究

以商用TiO2颗粒和三聚氰胺为原料,采用高温煅烧法制备g-C3N4/TiO2复合光催化材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、低温氮气物理吸附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-vis)对g-C3N4/TiO2的进行表征,并研究在可见光条件下g-C3N4/TiO2对溶液中磺胺二甲基嘧啶(Sulfamethazine,SMT)的光催化降解效果.结果表明:TiO2颗粒附着在层状结构g-C3N4/表面,形成具有孔隙结构和更大比表面积的g-C3N4/TiO2,有利于污染物的吸附.g-C3N4/TiO2的光吸收带边移动到430 nm,具有可见光响应.在可见光照射下,当g-C3N4/TiO2投加量为0.2 g/L时,初始浓度为0.5 mg/L的SMT在3h内去除率可达98.8;.在相同条件下,g-C3N4和TiO2只能分别去除57.8;和9.7;的SMT.活性物质掩蔽实验表明g-C3N4/TiO2光催化降解SMT过程中,超氧自由基(·O2-)和光生空穴(h+)在降解SMT时起主要作用.     

Production and Study of Silver Nanoparticles by 532 nm Laser Pulse Ablation in NaCl Solution

In this experimental research, silver nanoparticles are produced in NaCl solution by the laser ablation method. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the amount of NaCl in the ablation medium on the characteristics of nanoparticles. A 7 ns pulsed Neodymium YAG laser (Nd:YAG) at 5 J/cm2 fluence and 532 nm wavelength was employed to produce Ag nanoparticles in distilled water with four different concentrations of NaCl. The optical properties, size distribution, and agglomeration of nanoparticles were investigated by several diagnostics. The UV–Visible absorption spectra of the Ag nanoparticles exhibit absorptions in the UV region because of surface plasmon resonance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the size distribution and morphology of nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to measure the hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles in suspensions. With X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the lattice structure of nanoparticles was studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained to observe the molecular structure and atomic energy levels of particles.     

稀土元素(Ce/Nd/Eu/Gd)与N共掺金红石相TiO2的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势计算方法,计算分析了纯金红石相TiO2,Ce、Nd、Eu和Gd四种稀土元素单掺杂金红石相TiO2,以及与N共掺金红石相TiO2的晶体结构、电子结构和光学性质.由掺杂前后的结果分析发现,掺杂后晶胞膨胀,晶格发生畸变;费米能级上移进入导带,导带底部引入杂质能级,提高了掺杂体系的电导率和对可见光的响应;光学性质、介电函数和吸收谱掺杂体系峰值比纯TiO2小,反射谱和能量损耗谱出现红移现象.