纳米Ag颗粒掺杂方式对NaYF4∶Yb3+/Er3+上转换发光材料发光性能的影响

利用水热法制备了Yb3+,Er3+共掺杂NaYF4上转换发光材料.在实验中引入Ag纳米溶胶,研究了Ag纳米颗粒对NaYF4∶ Yb3+/Er3上转换发光材料结构、形貌和光学性质的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及荧光光谱仪对样品的结构、形貌和光学性能进行了研究.结果表明,生成NaYF4∶ Yb3 +/Er3+反应前加入Ag纳米颗粒可使NaYF4∶ Yb3+/Er3+粉末的衍射峰强度增强;生成NaYF4∶Yb3+/Er3+反应后加入Ag纳米颗粒会使六方相样品部分转变成立方相.生成NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+发光材料前引入Ag纳米溶胶可以大大提升晶体的结晶质量;生成NaYF4∶Yb3+ /Er3+发光材料后引入Ag纳米溶胶,原有六棱柱直径变小,产物有新的球状晶体生成.生成NaYF4∶Yb3+/Er3+反应前加入Ag纳米颗粒,可使NaYF4∶ Yb3+/Er3+上转换材料的发光强度显著增强,与未掺杂Ag纳米颗粒相比发光强度增加约36;.     

SrZrO3∶Er,Yb荧光粉的上转换发光特性研究

采用高温固相法制备出SrZrO3∶Er,Yb上转换发光材料,用XRD、拉曼光谱和荧光光谱对其结构和上转换荧光特性进行表征和分析.XRD和拉曼光谱结果表明,得到的SrZrO3∶Er,Yb为正交相结构.980 nm激发下,SrZrO3∶Er荧光粉存在较强的上转换发光,在533 nm、557 nm和688 nm处存在两个绿色发射带和一个红色发射带,Yb3+的掺杂能够显著提高其上转换发光效率.SrZrO3∶Er,Yb中Er3+的猝灭浓度为1.0;,Yb3+的猝灭浓度为15;.通过研究发光强度随激发功率的关系,探究了Er3+和Yb3+双掺杂体系的发光机制,证实533 nm、557 nm处的绿光发射以及688nm处的红光发射都是双光子过程.     

银纳米立方颗粒表面等离子激元增强β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换的研究

分别采用化学还原法和共沉淀法合成银纳米立方颗粒和β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换纳米发光材料.银纳米立方颗粒的表面等离子共振吸收宽带位于370 ～750 nm.在油酸溶液体系中,实现了银纳米立方颗粒对上转换纳米材料荧光的表面等离子激元增强,研究了银纳米立方颗粒的掺杂浓度对上转换红光和绿光发射的影响.当银纳米立方颗粒掺杂浓度为2.0;时,对β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换发光增强达到最大.红光和绿光上转换发射对应的最大增强因子分别为1.97和1.79.     

离子液体中镧的氟化物合成及其上转换发光性能研究

采用离子液体(1-丁基3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐)作为反应体系和氟源合成稀土镧的氟化物,研究了原料配比对合成产物及形貌的影响,分析了反应的机理.通过XRD、SEM等测试方法对得到的NaLaF4∶Er/Yb,及LaF3∶Er进行了表征和分析.使用980 nm激光激发,测试了样品的上转换发光性能,分析了Er3+浓度及yb3+的双掺对上转换性能的影响.在303 ～583 K温度范围内,测试了NaLaF4∶Er和LaF3∶Er变温上转换发光性能,讨论了524 nm与542 nm处的荧光强度比与温度的依赖关系.     

Gd2O2S∶Yb3+,Er3+纳米粉体的水热-还原法制备及其上转换发光性能研究

以Gd2 O3,Yb2 O3,Er2 O3,HNO3,CO(NH2)2和C12H25SO4Na为实验原料,通过水热-还原法制备了yb3+和Er3+共掺杂的Gd2O2S∶ Yb3+,Er3+纳米粉体.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和上转换发射光谱(UPL)分析手段对合成产物的结构、形貌和上转换发光性能进行了表征.结果表明,Gd3+∶ CO(NH2)2∶ SO2-=2∶ 1∶x的摩尔比对合成产物的结构有显著的影响,当x=1.0时合成的前驱体在90; Ar+ 10; H2混合气氛下800℃煅烧2h可获得单相Gd2 O2S纳米粉体,该Gd2 O2S粉体颗粒呈现近球形,平均颗粒尺寸约30 nm,具有一定的团聚特征.上转换发射光谱表明在980 nm红外光激发下,Gd2 O2S∶Yb3+,Er3+纳米粉体的上转换光谱图的主次发射峰分别位于671 nm和548 nm,归属于Er3+的4 F9/2 →4I15/2和4S3/2→4I15/2跃迁.Er3+的猝灭浓度为5;,Gd2 O2S∶Yb3+,Er3+的发光机制为双光子模型.     

空心结构NaYF4∶Yb,Er上转换材料的制备

以稀土三氟乙酸盐、氟化钠和三氟乙酸钠为原料通过溶剂热法成功制备出了空心结构的Na YF4∶Yb,Er上转换材料,探索了反应温度、钠离子浓度对产物形貌、晶相及发光性能的影响。利用扫描电镜,透射电镜,X射线衍射和发光光谱对产物的形貌、物相结构及荧光性能进行表征。结果表明,当Na F和Y3+的摩尔比为2.5,220℃溶剂热反应12 h时,可得到空心结构的上转换材料,该结构兼具上转换荧光、载药双重功能。     

Mn2+掺杂NaScF4:Yb3+,Er3+上转换发光材料制备及性能研究

采用三氟乙酸盐高温热分解法,以稀土氧化物(RE2O3,RE=Sc,Yb,Er)、三氟乙酸(CF3COOH)、一氧化锰(MnO)和氢氧化钠(NaOH)为原料,以油胺和十八烯为混合溶剂,制备Mn2+掺杂NaScF4:18;Yb3+/2;Er3+上转换发光材料.研究了Mn2+掺杂浓度对NaScF4:18;Yb3+/2;Er3+上转换发光材料的晶相结构、微观形貌及发光性能的影响.实验结果表明:Mn2+掺杂浓度在0～5mol;范围内,所制得的产物为纯六方相NaScF4:Yb3+,Er3+晶体.当Mn2+掺杂浓度增大到10～30mol;时,样品的晶相结构并未改变,但衍射峰的强度有所降低,所制得产物的形貌由球状转变为片状.当Mn2+掺杂浓度在0～20mol;范围内,所制得的产物在980 nm激光激发下共产生3个发射峰,中心波长分别位于525 nm,555 nm和660 nm.当Mn2+掺杂浓度达到30mol;时,所制备产物的绿光发射峰几乎全部转变为波长为650～670 nm的红光发射峰.     

基于稀土上转换纳米粒子制作指示牌标识的研究

采用热解法制备NaYF4∶ Yb,Er纳米粒子,并通过TEM和XRD对纳米粒子的形貌和结构进行表征,结果表明制备的NaYF4:Yb,Er是β相纳米粒子,形态均一,尺寸约24 nm.并对Er3+典型的绿色上转换荧光的产生机制和荧光光谱进行了研究.进一步搭建指示牌标识成像系统,基于制备的NaYF4∶Yb,Er纳米粒子作为荧光标记材料,利用Er3+的2H11/2/4S3/2-4I15/2跃迁产生绿色上转换荧光对指示牌标识进行成像,得到了高对比度的荧光成像.     

EDTA对太阳电池用纳米上转换材料性能的影响

采用水热法合成了 Er单掺或Yb、Er共掺的NaYF4纳米上转换材料.研究了螯和剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)对材料性能的影响.扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜的结果表明:EDTA引起制备的上转换材料颗粒离散化,颗粒基本为球形,粒径约为40 nm左右.X射线衍射的结果表明:EDTA的加入改变了材料的晶相,有助于上转换换效率的增强.     

Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒的合成及荧光性能研究

采用热分解法制备多种核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒,并对制备的上转换纳米颗粒的形貌、晶相以及发光特性进行研究.在980nm激发光激发下,与单核的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;纳米颗粒相比,核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2上转换纳米颗粒荧光强度提高了5倍.把Yb3+/Nd3+共掺的四方相NaYF4层包覆在Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2纳米颗粒上,我们实现了Na3ZrF7@CaF2@NaYF4纳米颗粒在808nm激发下较强的上转换红光发射,发射光的红绿比在10左右,并对其发光机制作出了解释.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉的性能影响

为制备适用于干压成型的氧化铝造粒粉,研究了PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉微观形貌、流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明PEG的聚合度对氧化铝浆料粘度影响显著,PEG2000-6000是较为理想的粘结剂选择,造粒粉的流动性与环境温度及湿度相关.采用正交实验设计,以造粒粉的流动性和松装密度为评价指标,对PEG聚合度、粘结剂添加量和固含量进行了优选,其影响顺序为PEG聚合度＞固含量＞粘结剂添加量.以优选参数PEG6000、添加量为4wt;、固含量为80wt;,制备了性能优良的氧化铝喷雾造粒粉.     

前驱物合成条件对锰锌铁氧体结构和性能的影响

采用共沉淀-热处理工艺合成了尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体粉末,利用正交试验优化了制备工艺。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对粉体的显微结构和静磁性能进行了研究。结果表明:热处理温度为1350℃、保温时间为3.5 h、进料比为1.5时,若前驱物的pH值为6,制备的样品的主晶相为锰锌铁氧体;若前驱物的pH值为7 9,则形成单相尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体,样品的饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,矫顽力逐渐增大。pH值为7时,配方为Fe∶Mn∶Zn=68.4816∶17.1368∶14.381,进料比为1.5,滴加时间为40 min,反应温度为50℃,不加表面活性剂时得到的样品具有较高的饱和磁化强度。     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体组分测定与缺陷观察

采用助熔剂提拉法生长得到近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体.用多种方法测定了晶体组分,结果表明生长得到的晶体中[Li2O]含量为49.80;摩尔分数;对晶体缺陷的研究表明晶体质量有待提高,并分析了晶体中出现包裹物的原因.     

Mechanisms of chemical vapor deposition of silicon

The distribution in the silicon epitaxial growth from SiCl₄ and hydrogen are observed in situ by IR absorption spectroscopy. Two methods are used complementarily, one is IR spectroscopy of reactants extracted from the reactor by a fine quartz tube which is not disturbing the reactions, and gives knowledge about the local distribution, the other is direct IR spectroscopy of hot reactants in the reactor which is useful to ascertain the results at the real high temperature situation. The intermediate species are SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂ which is estimated from the induced emission bands at 500 and 570 cm^-1. HCl is a dominant waste product and contributes to reverse reactions. To investigate the reaction, HCl is intentionally injected into the reacting gas. This kind of injection method may also be very effective to analyze the reactions using other reactants such as SiCl₄, SiHCl₃ and SiH₂Cl₂.