不锈钢衬底的抛光处理对碳纳米管薄膜场发射性能的影响

在抛光的和未抛光的不锈钢衬底上,利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法从甲烷和氢气的混合气体中沉积碳纳米管薄膜,并对其场发射性能进行了研究.实验发现,不锈钢衬底的机械抛光能降低碳纳米管膜的开启场强,增大它的发射电流密度.在同一场强7.5 V/μm下,衬底未抛光样品的电流密度为2.9 mA/cm2,而衬底抛光样品的电流密度达到5.5 mA/cm2.低开启场强和大发射电流密度意味着β增大,说明机械抛光能使碳纳米管膜的β增大.     

碳纳米管场发射性能的研究进展

碳纳米管是一种性能优良的场发射冷阴极材料,具有低的阈值电场和高的发射电流密度,在平板显示领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文从Fow ler-Nordhe im s场发射理论出发,阐述了CNT的场发射机制,详细论述了包括CNT的结构、方向性、阵列密度、吸附气体、工作环境等诸多因素对其场发射特性的影响。研究表明,垂直取向,长径比高,密度适中,表面洁净的CNT场增强因子较大,场发射性能较好。     

铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的制备及场发射性能研究

利用磁过滤等离子体结合氧化铝模板(AA0)技术在室温下制备了具有优异场发射性能的铜掺杂类金刚石(DLC)纳米点阵列.微观分析表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列分布均匀,密度高达109cm-2;利用X射线光电子能谱对制备的铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列进行结构分析,测得铜的掺杂量为3.6;且sp3键含量高达60;;通过对铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的场发射性能测试,试验结果表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列开启电场和阈值电场分别为0.08V/μm,0.42V/μm,并且在电场值为0.67V/μm时,发射电流密度高达95mA/cm2,场发射性能明显优于无掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列.     

碳纳米管电荷分布对电子发射场增强因子影响的研究

本文通过分析碳纳米管的电荷分布规律,巧妙地将处于外电场中且端口封闭的金属性碳纳米管等效成电荷非均匀分布的球面,获得了包括端部球面电荷、管壁电荷与镜像电荷共同作用的场增强因子为β=1.14 h/R 2.62.结果表明:场增强因子是碳纳米管长径比h/R的线性函数,并与电荷分布密切相关.在此基础上,研究发现35%的管壁电荷对碳纳米管电子发射的场增强因子贡献约为9.7%,但仍远大于镜像电荷的影响.根据模型中电荷非均匀分布导致碳纳米管各处局域电场大幅度变化,解释了仅在球面的一定区域才大量发射电子且发射电流密度不均匀的实验现象.     

热蒸发法原位生长-维氧化锌纳米材料及其场发射特性研究

利用磁控溅射在ITO电极上沉积氧化锌薄膜,以氧化锌薄膜为种子层,采用热蒸发法合成ZnO一维纳米材料,利用XRD和SEM方法对氧化锌一维纳米材料的微观结构进行分析,测试其场发射性能.结果显示,氧化锌纳米材料为钉子状结构,每个氧化锌纳米钉由几微米大的钉帽和细棒组成,垂直于基底生长.场发射性能研究表明它具有较低的开启场强,高的发射电流和好的稳定性,是一种优良的冷阴极电子发射源.     

阵列式碳纳米管微波受激发射光子

采用化学气相沉积工艺(CVD)制备阵列式碳纳米管(ACNT)薄膜并检测薄膜的微波性能.当ACNT薄膜受到微波照射时,强烈地发射光子,产生耀眼的的白光,红外测温仪显示温度高达1200℃,但ACNT并不氧化燃烧.ACNT薄膜经球磨成粉状后,光子发射性能消失,在微波照射下 ACNT粉末和普通碳纳米管(MWCNT)表现相近,吸收微波能量后开始燃烧并发出红色的火焰,实测温度为720℃.研究显示ACNT具有优异的场发射性能.     

艾奇逊炉提纯碳纳米管的组织结构性能表征

碳纳米管作为锂离子电池正极导电剂已经在中国得到了普遍应用,作为电池导电剂的碳纳米管需要提纯处理.本文研究了利用艾奇逊炉对化学气相沉积的碳纳米管在3 000℃进行提纯处理后的组织结构和电学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),电子能谱仪(EDS),等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP),红外光谱仪(FT-IR),热重分析仪(TGA),X射线光电子谱仪(XPS),拉曼光谱分析仪,四探针薄膜电阻仪对艾奇逊炉提纯的碳纳米管进行了检测.结果 表明高温提纯的碳纳米管的含铁量可降低到71 ppm,氧化物含量低于0.45wt;,晶格缺陷大幅减少,石墨组织结构完整,表面官能团少,具有体积电阻率0.050 ～0.035 Ω·cm,作为电池电极的导电材料,可以用于动力电池正极.     

单晶TiO2纳米线束阵列的水热合成及场发射性能研究

采用水热合成技术,以钛酸丁酯、盐酸和去离子水作为前驱物,在透明导电玻璃(FTO)衬底上合成了垂直于衬底牛长的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米线束阵列.纳米线束呈四方柱状结构,宽度100～200nm,长度约3μm.HRTEM表明每根纳米线束实际上是由20～40根直径约为4～6 nm的细小纳米线聚集在一起而形成的.系统研究了盐酸浓度对纳米线生长的影响,分析了盐酸在晶体生长中的作用.研究了TiO2纳米线束阵列的场致电子发射特性,其场发射开启电场为5.7 V/ μm(对应电流密度10μA/ cm2),阈值电场为9.5 V/ μm,同时表现出较好的场发射稳定性.低的合成温度和好的场发射性能表明TiO2纳米线束阵列在场发射冷阴极器件上具有良好的应用前景.     

单壁碳纳米管场发射计算

本文以Maxwell电磁场理论为基础,对金属型单壁碳纳米管场发射阴极尖端附近的电场进行了计算,给出了不同结构单壁碳纳米管尖端附近的电场分布,发现场强沿管的径向及轴向方向随与管尖端距离的增加而迅速下降,说明了碳纳米管产生的激发场为极强的小范围局域场。通过计算不同几何尺寸单壁碳纳米管的场增强因子随其长度、半径的变化曲线,发现单壁碳纳米管的场增强因子数值非常大,并且根据曲线的变化规律可知,越细越长的单壁碳纳米管具有更大的场增强因子,同时也表明了单壁碳纳米管作为场发射阴极具有低的阈值和大的发射电流密度。本文所得结果为单壁碳纳米管做场发射材料提供了理论参考。     

使用ECR等离子体沉积和刻蚀非晶碳薄膜

用苯作源气体在一个微波电子回旋共振等离子体系统中沉积了含氢非晶碳薄膜,研究了沉积参数对膜的生长速率的影响.为了探索该种薄膜在干刻蚀工艺过程中用作掩膜的可能性,还研究了它在氧等离子体中的刻蚀性能.结果表明非晶碳膜对于氧等离子体具有高的抗刻蚀性,其刻蚀率不仅与刻蚀的过程参量有关,而且决定于膜的沉积条件.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.     

Features of transformations in REE-containing systems of nitrate precursors in preparatory processes of formation of multifunctional oxide materials

Abstract

The complex study provides a reliable idea of ??the trends in the joint behavior of structural components in the water-salt systems of nitrate precursors of REE, alkaline, alkaline earth metals in the preparatory stages of the processes of forming multicomponent oxide polyfunctional materials on their basis with thermal activation. Stages of such transformations are revealed; The regularities of complex and phase formation in systems and factors influencing them are determined; A number of physicochemical properties of the intermediate phases formed - coordination lanthanides nitrates: their composition, types of compounds, atomic-crystalline structure, regularities of transformations during heat treatment were studied.