光电稳定平台中陀螺随机漂移的处理方法

在详细分析陀螺随机漂移对光电稳定平台精度影响的基础上,提出了Allan方差与功率谱相结合的分 析和评价标准,采用了时间序列分析法进行建模.针对光电稳定平台不同的应用环境,分别比较了陀螺随机漂移的处理方法.实验证明,前向线性滤波在中高频段的噪声滤除方面,要优于低通滤波器;同时在保留低频段的有用信号和了解噪声特性方面,要优于卡尔曼滤波:而且在实时的在线应用方面,要优于小波滤波.结果表明:前向线性滤波适合于高带宽光电稳定平台系统的实时在线应用.     

势阱特性对磁力双稳态压电俘能器性能的影响研究

为研究磁力非线性双稳态压电俘能器的动力特性,利用广义Hamilton变分原理建立了压电俘能系统的动力学方程,运用谐波平衡法获得了谐波激励下位移和电压的解析表达式。采用磁偶极子模型提出了多项式表示的磁力势能,利用数值方法模拟了不同初始条件下俘能系统的位移和电压的时程曲线。研究结果表明:在阱间运动情况下,阱深相同时,随着阱宽增大,俘获的能量增大,有效带宽减小;阱宽相同时,随着阱深增大,俘获的能量减小,有效带宽增大。采用适当的初始条件可诱导俘能系统进入高能轨道的阱间运动,从而提高俘能效率。     

根据散射激光辐射的多普勒频率偏移测量流体速度

本文评述了激光多普勒系统测量流体速度的理论和应用的基本原理。对信号带宽、信噪比、灵敏度和空间分辨率,计算了光学系统几何布置的最佳方案。讨论了根据散射效率和微粒跟随流动的程度选择合适的散射微粒的问题。对所求得的速度信息的类型,简短地讨论了光电倍增管多普勒电流频谱分析的各种方法。文中评述了在这一领域里已发表过的著作,并提供数据以说明用激光多普勒系统获得的信息的类型。      

可控排气式气囊着陆缓冲特性研究

为了综合考量空投设备着陆缓冲过程中的最大过载、最大下降位移以及气囊最大超压等因素,利用LS-DYNA软件数值分析了一种可控排气式气囊的着陆缓冲特性,研究了排气阀的开口面积和压力门限对该系统缓冲性能的影响。结果表明:开口面积和压力门限对缓冲性能有显著的影响,取值过大或过小均不能满足缓冲性能要求;一定范围内增大开口面积可有效降低设备的最大过载和气囊的最大超压,但同时会降低设备的最小离地高度;压力门限对气囊最大超压量的影响较小,一定范围内降低压力门限可降低设备最大过载。     

颗粒群冲击诱导光伏电池性能衰减的特性与机理

光伏电池由于具有较高的光电转化效率,在沙漠等太阳能充足的地方被广泛应用。但在沙尘长期冲击的环境下,光伏电池内部结构易出现累积损伤,使光电转化效率大幅降低。因此,研究颗粒群冲击条件下光伏电池的力-电行为具有重要意义。基于分离式霍普金森压杆,发展了一种驱动较大尺寸颗粒群高速冲击的实验方法,并系统测量了不同冲击条件下,多晶硅光伏电池的损伤行为与光电转化性能衰减规律。研究结果表明,随着颗粒直径、冲击速度和数密度的增加,光伏电池的光电转换效率快速降低;颗粒冲击后光伏电池表现出三种典型的损伤模式,并给出了对应的应力阈值条件。基于实验测试结果,发展了多晶硅光伏电池颗粒群冲击损伤诱导光电转化性能退化模型,为沙砾冲击环境下光伏电池光电性能衰减规律提供了有效的预测方法。     

INS／QPS紧耦合系统自适应跟踪环路带宽设计

在INS／GPS紧耦合系统中,通过把惯导系统的位置、速度等估计值反馈到GPS的跟踪环,使环路带宽可以变窄,以明显改善GPS的抗干扰能力。在这种组合系统中,跟踪误差是由环路带宽内中的干扰噪声、振荡器相位噪声引起,此外还有惯性传感器的误差引起的跟踪误差。文中提出了按照GPS信号的载噪比自适应地调节GPS的环路带宽的方案,这将使GPS接收机在任何条件下包括存在干扰时保持最佳状态。分析和仿真计算说明,与采用固定带宽时相比,自适应带宽的紧耦合系统具有更高的抗干扰能力和对卫星信号的跟踪精度。     

INS/GPS紧耦合系统自适应跟踪环路带宽设计

在INS/GPS紧耦合系统中,通过把惯导系统的位置、速度等估计值反馈到GPS的跟踪环,使环路带宽可以变窄,以明显改善GPS的抗干扰能力.在这种组合系统中,跟踪误差是由环路带宽内中的干扰噪声、振荡器相位噪声引起,此外还有惯性传感器的误差引起的跟踪误差.文中提出了按照GPS信号的载噪比自适应地调节GPS的环路带宽的方案,这将使GPS接收机在任何条件下包括存在干扰时保持最佳状态.分析和仿真计算说明,与采用固定带宽时相比,自适应带宽的紧耦合系统具有更高的抗干扰能力和对卫星信号的跟踪精度.     

伺服转台高精度控制系统带宽设计的探讨

以实际的伺服控制系统设计为例,从跟踪误差、干扰控制、噪声衰减和系统不稳定性的限制等几个方面研究了伺服控制系统的带宽问题,给出了选择带宽的方法结果,在实际应用中较好地折衷了系统稳定和系统性能的关系。     

一种新式的轻便型目标指示系统

在高技术背景作战条件下，为弥补电磁设备易受干扰的缺点，设置了一种轻便、快速、适应能力强的近程目标捕获指示系统，用来填补火控设备受到压制时发现和攻击目标的能力损失。该系统集惯性、光、机、电和信息处理技术于一体，由三个光纤陀螺、两个微硅加速度计、一个光电瞄准器、一个测距仪和必要的固定装置构成。它实际是一个捷联姿态瞄准系统，能快速瞄准目标，计算出目标的准确位置，并将该位置参数发送给武器系统，使武器系统进行射击诸元解算。     

陀螺经纬仪光电积分法中几个关键问题的技术途径

陀螺经纬仪光电积分测量系统,在我国属首次研制,已获成功。本文论述了研制中光电检测器的线性度及电压稳定度、光强、陀螺马达的指向精度、悬带零位稳定性、系统温度漂移误差等几个关键问题的技术途径。实践证明,光电积分法测量,可以自动精密寻北;缩短了观测时间;增强了抗干扰能力,便于在野外和机动条件下使用。这种测量方法在陀螺经纬仪中具有普遍推广应用价值。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).