海洋平台地震响应的H∞控制

提出了将H_∞控制及平衡降阶法应用于结构主动控制的新方法.该方法首先利用平衡降阶法对结构进行降阶,然后利用降阶模型构造出H_∞控制器和H_∞观测器对结构进行控制;同时结合复模态理论和虚拟激励法,给出了系统分析的有效途径.本文最后以海洋平台地震响应的ATMD主动控制为例,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于二次型性能泛函内平衡变换的模型降阶研究

土木工程结构振动控制由于模型的自由度数目较大,结构控制中控制器阶次较高,导致主动控制和半主动控制实施过程中时滞效应十分突出.本文在采用均衡实现技术对结构模型的状态变量重新排序形成内部均衡系统的基础上,对系统二次型性能指标泛函进行内平衡变换,略去对内平衡系统能量影响较小的状态变量,进行结构模型的降阶.通过对20层钢框架结构振动控制Benchmark模型二班型性能指标泛函进行内平衡变换,得到降阶的振动控制模型,计算表明本文方法是可行和有效的.     

环形桁架结构模态实验及有限元仿真分析

针对大型可展开环形桁架天线结构开展了模态实验和有限元仿真分析。首先设计加工了环形桁架实验模型,采用锤击法对自由边界条件下环形桁架结构进行了实验模态分析,得到环形桁架结构的前六阶固有频率及其对应模态振型,并通过模态置信准则对实验结果进行了可靠性分析。其次,建立了环形桁架实验模型的有限元模型并进行模态分析,仿真得到其前六阶固有频率和模态振型。最后详细对比分析了实验结果与有限元仿真结果。结果表明:二者固有频率误差小于5%,且实验模态振型与有限元仿真模态振型一致,证明了本文分析结果真实可靠;同时,分析得到了环形桁架结构第一、二阶振型为椭圆形,第三、四阶振型为三角形,第五、六阶振型为四边形。     

基于聚类算法和自由度集结的柔性结构模型降阶研究

提出了采用k-means聚类算法对动力相似自由度进行自动集结的模型降阶方法。考虑动力荷载空间分布,给出了根据模态参与系数选取原模型重要模态的方法,并讨论了次要方向自由度舍弃的方法。根据重要模态中各自由度振型值的相似性,应用聚类算法对自由度进行自动分类,从柔度矩阵元素的定义入手推导了结构矩阵显式条件下柔度法降阶的统一表达式,并证明了降阶模型的正定性、对称性及正交关系。最后通过一榀40层混凝土框架结构模型由240自由度降阶为8自由度的算例,说明了柔度法降阶的有效性及降阶模型评判指标的合理性。     

基于模型参考自适应控制方法的风洞尾支杆振动主动控制

考虑尾支杆结构低频振动特性,研究了基于自适应算法的风洞尾支杆振动主动控制方法。在分析尾支杆结构特性,建立有限元模型,提取相应参数矩阵建立系统数学模型的基础上,基于DC增益模态排序方法对模型进行降阶,得到了只含尾支杆俯仰方向上一阶弯曲和二阶弯曲模态的模型;结合模型参考自适应控制方法能够快速预测误差方向的优点,设计了适用于尾支杆结构振动的主动抑振系统,并通过Lyapunov方法证明了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明:基于DC增益排序方法缩减模型能够准确表征实际结构的动态特性,提高分析效率,所设计控制器使得风洞尾支杆结构俯仰振动幅值比原振动幅值降低了88%。     

基于特征正交分解的非定常气动力建模技术

采用特征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition, POD)方法, 建立了基于状态空间的非定常气动力降阶模型, 并耦合结构方程, 建立了降阶的气动弹性系统, 开展了颤振分析的初步研究, 计算效率提高了2~3个数量级. 具体过程是:首先获取全阶系统的频域快照构成关联矩阵, 通过对关联矩阵进行奇异值分解提取流场模态(或流场基), 对低能量模态截断形成降阶子空间, 并将其映射到全阶系统, 从而形成基于状态空间的降阶非定常气动力模型. 对气动弹性标模AGARD445.6进行算例验证, 证明了降阶方法正确, 可以提供高效、高精度的气动弹性分析.      

K-L法在结构模型降阶及辨识中的应用

模型辨识时，常需要对结构进行降阶处理，以减少辨识参数，降低计算难度，通过K-L(Karhunen-Loeve)特征值提取的方法对结构模型进行降阶，并通过最小二乘法辨识出降阶后系统的模态参数，可以大大减少辨识参数，降低计算复杂性；最后对一简支梁进行了数值仿真，得到一个3阶模型，辨识出简支梁的固有频率和模态阻尼比与解析解很接近。     

压电智能板结构的H∞振动控制

研究了压电智能板结构的H∞振动控制问题。先采用4节点矩形弯曲薄板单元(含12个位移自由度,2个电自由度)的有限元模型,利用Ham ilton原理得到了智能板结构的运动微分方程,然后综合运用模态截断法、最小实现法和平衡降阶法,对压电智能板结构的系统状态方程进行了降阶处理,得到了可观可控且低阶的近似状态方程,针对该降阶后的系统,利用H∞控制理论求解出能抑制干扰的动态输出反馈控制器,并将该控制器作用到降阶处理前的原系统中,从而能实现原系统抗干扰的振动控制。最后,以智能悬臂薄板结构为例,讨论了降阶过程中出现的一些问题和结论,并求出了相应的动态输出反馈控制器。仿真结果表明,文中的方法可实现压电智能板结构对干扰的抑制。     

基于气动力辨识的ASE模型降阶研究

CFD/CSD耦合计算能够准确预测跨音速段飞行器弹性振动的非定常气动力, 但其带来的巨大 计算量及高阶维数不利于气动弹性系统的分析与综合. 针对于此,采用系统辨识及 均衡截断技术对高阶气动伺服弹性模型进行降阶处理,并利用所得到的低阶模型进行系统综 合：(1) 基于Volterra级数气动力辨识技术,得到非定常气动力的时域降阶模型(ROM), 耦合结构动力学模型及控制机构动力学模型获得气动伺服弹性(ASE)状态空间方 程;(2) 利用均衡截段法对时域ASE模型进行进一步降阶,得到能够较真实反映所关心频域内系统响应 的低阶ASE模型;(3) 针对建模误差和降阶误差存在造成的系统不确定性问题,结合降阶模型 采用混合灵敏度$H_{\infty}$控制方法设计颤振主动抑制鲁棒控制律,保证其作用 于真实系统的有效性;对控制器进行 均衡阶段降阶并保持其鲁棒性,得到低阶鲁棒的颤振抑制控制器. 最后利用典型的BACT模型 进行气动伺服弹性的降阶及主动颤振抑制控制,仿真结果表明,基于ROM建立的低阶气动弹 性模型能够较真实地反应系统的颤振特性;而基于截断后的降阶模型所设计的低阶鲁棒控制 器能够有效应用于存在不确定性摄动的实际系统,并将系统颤振速度提高36%.     

基于局部插值的结构动力模型降阶方法

提出了一种基于局部插值对大型结构有限元模型的特征值问题进行降阶的方法. 该方法通过局部插值将复杂结构的有限元模型中节点的位移用凝聚点的位移插值来表示, 从而得到用插值函数表示的简化基向量, 实现对结构广义特征值问题的降阶. 为了提高降阶模型的精度, 采用非协调元的插值函数作为局部插值函数来弱化凝聚后的结构刚度, 并且在有限元模型上进行逆迭代, 对得到的降阶后的广义特征值问题的特征值和特征向量进行改善. 为了提高模型降阶的效率, 采用规整网格包围整个结构生成均匀的凝聚点, 高效地确定了有限元模型中节点所依附的凝聚点. 最后, 对 3 个机床部件的模态分析验证了提出的简化方法的高效性和可行性.      

Active vibration control of nonlinear benchmark buildings

The present nonlinear model reduction methods unfit the nonlinear benchmark buildings as their vibration equations belong to a non-affine system. Meanwhile, the controllers designed directly by the nonlinear control strategy have a high order, and they are difficult to be applied actually. Therefore, a new active vibration control way which fits the nonlinear buildings is proposed. The idea of the proposed way is based on the model identification and structural model linearization, and exerting the control force to the built model according to the force action principle. This proposed way has a better practicability as the built model can be reduced by the balance reduction method based on the empirical Grammian matrix. A three-story benchmark structure is presented and the simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is viable for the civil engineering structures.     

Design enhancements for stress relaxation in automotive multi-shell-structures

Recent attempt to enhance the safety against collision has reshaped the simple single-shell structure into the integrated multi-shell structure. Moreover, due to various regulations continuously tightened for environment, weight reduction of automobile becomes an increasingly important issue. Weight reduction is mainly accomplished by better redesign, adoption of lighter materials, and small-sizing of auto (parts). Focusing on the local redesign among three, we suggest local patching methods. We also present, as another way, a method of determining thicknesses of subpart-shells in an integrated multi-shell structure. Those redesign methods successfully bring a preset amount of stress relaxation. More specifically, we first select a cross member as local patching model. Based on the finite element stress calculations, we relieve the stress of cross member by patching in two ways––non-uniform thickness patching and optimized uniform thickness patching. The latter is more effective and practical. Selecting a box type subframe as other redesign model, we determine the thickness of each subpart-shell by axiomatic design approach. The patching methods and the axiomatic approach of this work can be extended to the other multi-shell structures such as center member and lower control arm.     

分级周期梁结构的振动带隙特性优化研究

针对分级周期梁结构,进行了振动带隙特性优化研究,以期提高结构的减振性能。采用谱元法计算分级周期梁的频响曲线,并结合传递矩阵法计算结构的色散关系,将两种方法相结合来研究结构的振动带隙特性。构建带隙占比函数作为优化目标函数,将单胞结构的尺寸作为优化参数进行带隙特性优化。经过优化,使得在研究频段内带隙特性大大提高。通过与有限元法和振动实验相对比,验证了谱元法计算和优化结果的正确性。研究内容对于提高周期结构的振动带隙特性和减振应用提供有益参考。     

Data-based hybrid reduced order modeling for vortex-induced nonlinear fluid–structure interaction at low Reynolds numbers

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena are of significant importance in several engineering fields. Recently developed active flow control devices regulate the FSI in order to control the dynamic response of the structure that is involved. As a first step to use active control, computationally efficient reduced-order models are required. The reduced-order models must be able to predict the nonlinear structural dynamic response given an incoming flow condition. This paper presents a computationally efficient method for the construction of a hybrid reduced-order model for FSI problems based on data obtained through high-fidelity numerical simulations. The model splits the force and the structural dynamic response into two separate blocks and uses model reduction techniques to account for the flow field information. The current model is tested on a vibrating rigid cylinder submerged in a flow at low Reynolds number regime.     

采用分布式压电驱动器升力面的颤振主动抑制

对采用分布式压电驱动器升力面的颤振主动抑制进行了理论与试验研究.应用 LQG最优控制法设计了主动控制律,在控制律降阶时提出了平衡实现与LK法结合使用的新途径,在对不定常气动力进行有理函数拟合时对LS法进行了改进.试验中利用激光测速仪非接触测量模型的速度响应并在地面共振试验中用压电驱动器激振模型.颤振风洞试验结果表明,理论计算合理并与试验结果吻合良好.     

Efficiency of a POD‐based reduced second‐order adjoint model in 4D‐Var data assimilation

Order reduction strategies aim to alleviate the computational burden of the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation by performing the optimization in a low‐order control space. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) approach to model reduction is used to identify a reduced‐order control space for a two‐dimensional global shallow water model. A reduced second‐order adjoint (SOA) model is developed and used to facilitate the implementation of a Hessian‐free truncated‐Newton (HFTN) minimization algorithm in the POD‐based space. The efficiency of the SOA/HFTN implementation is analysed by comparison with the quasi‐Newton BFGS and a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm. Several data assimilation experiments that differ only in the optimization algorithm employed are performed in the reduced control space. Numerical results indicate that first‐order derivative methods are effective during the initial stages of the assimilation; in the later stages, the use of second‐order derivative information is of benefit and HFTN provided significant CPU time savings when compared to the BFGS and CG algorithms. A comparison with data assimilation experiments in the full model space shows that with an appropriate selection of the basis functions the optimization in the POD space is able to provide accurate results at a reduced computational cost. The HFTN algorithm benefited most from the order reduction since computational savings were achieved both in the outer and inner iterations of the method. Further experiments are required to validate the approach for comprehensive global circulation models. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SIZE OPTIMIZATION FOR CANTILEVER I-BEAM BASED ON VARIATIONAL METHOD

以变分方法为工具,研究了分布载荷下工字型悬臂梁的尺寸优化问题,给出了在强度和位移约束下梁缘条沿展向的宽度函数,并简要介绍了优化准则法和多岛遗传算法. 以平直机翼为工程实例,将之简化为一个工字型悬臂梁,分别采用该3 种方法进行优化设计. 结果表明变分法不仅效率高,而且给出了尺寸分布的函数,这对飞行器概念设计阶段的机翼结构设计具有较大的指导意义.     

热固耦合结构的拓扑优化设计研究

研究了热、固耦合场结构拓扑优化设计中的几个关键问题,建立了热、固两相耦合场问题的控制方程,建立了热、固耦合场结构的拓扑优化模型,用伴随矩阵方法研究了耦合场的敏度分析技术,研究了耦合场拓扑优化中的优化求解数值算法,通过数值算例验证了理论和算法的有效性．     

Backstepping-based Lyapunov redesign control of hysteretic single degree-of-freedom structural systems

This paper considers the problem of active control design for a hysteretic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural system which is exposed to an earthquake excitation. First, backstepping-based control is used to design a controller for the structural system neglecting the effect of the earthquake disturbance. Then, Lyapunov redesign is utilized to design a robust controller for the system in the presence of the earthquake excitation. The hysteretic part of the structural system is modeled by the well-known Bouc–Wen equation, and this equation is directly utilized in the controller design. The controller is proposed for two cases: (a) when the parameters of the structure and the Bouc–Wen model are known, and (b) when these parameters are uncertain. A Lyapunov function is introduced for the closed-loop system, which guarantees the stability of the system equilibrium point. Since the controllers use the nominal and/or minimum and maximum values of the system parameters, the proposed methods are model based. Numerical evaluations are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Seven different earthquakes are considered as the external excitations. Simulation results show that the displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses of the controlled structure are reduced significantly compared to the uncontrolled structure.