各向异性非均质梁截面特性计算的映射法

Ｇｉａｖｏｔｏ建立了确定各向异性梁截面特性和翘曲函数的二维有限元法。在此基础上，本文建立了一种映射法。在利用Ｇｉａｖｏｔｏ方法计算得某一具体截面的特性和翘曲函数后，与该截面具有相同形状不同尺寸的任意截面的特性和翘曲函数可用该截面的相应量通过显式确定，使计算大为简化。     

薄壁箱梁剪力滞翘曲位移函数的改进与对比分析

基于能量变分原理,考虑箱梁横截面正应力轴向平衡条件和剪切变形的影响,构建了包含参数m的新剪力滞翘曲位移函数。以所得应力均方误差与挠度均方误差为精度标准,计算分析了不同m值(即不同幂次)抛物线下新构建剪力滞翘曲位移函数的适应性,得出了二次抛物线形式较为精确合理的结论。通过比较典型位置所得应力值,进一步分析了新构建剪力滞翘曲位移函数(m=2)的适应性和精确性。针对所得集中荷载作用下简支箱梁翼缘悬臂板最外端应力有较大偏差的情况,通过应力曲线拟合,得到了集中荷载作用下简支箱梁悬臂板的应力改进公式。将应力改进后新构建剪力滞翘曲位移函数与基本翘曲位移函数所得的应力与竖向挠度进行比较,论证了通过本文新构建的剪力滞翘曲位移函数推导计算所得的应力公式和应力改进公式的高精度。     

箱梁剪滞翘曲位移函数的定义及其应用

提出了箱梁剪力滞效应计算中翘曲位移函数定义的新方法。由竖向弯曲荷载下箱梁截面的剪力流分布规律,定义符合箱梁各翼板剪切变形规律的剪力滞翘曲位移函数,该定义方法与箱梁剪力滞效应的力学定义完全吻合。通过对顶、底板具有不同厚度和内、外顶板具有不同宽度两种情况下的算例筒支粱在跨中集中力作用下的剪力滞效应对比分析,验证了基于剪切变形规律的剪滞翘曲位移函数对于箱梁剪力滞效应分析的精度和适用性。     

荷载横向变位下变截面连续箱梁剪滞分析的有限梁段法

为研究荷载横向作用位置变化对箱梁剪滞效应的影响,对箱梁顶、底板、悬臂板分别设置了不同的剪滞纵向位移差函数;假定纵向翘曲位移沿横向分布为k次抛物线,并考虑剪滞和剪切双重效应的影响,通过能量变分法推导出了荷载横向变位时梁段单元的平衡控制微分方程组及其闭合解;提出了能对工程中常见的变截面连续箱梁剪滞效应进行分析的有限梁段法。该方法计算结果与有限元模型、已有模型试验结果的最大误差在5.95%~9.74%之间,两种工况下计算结果的叠加与有限元结果相对误差在0.07%~19.18%之间,均吻合良好,说明将基于有限梁段法的剪滞效应变分解和叠加原理用于求解复杂力状态下的剪滞效应是可行的。剪滞翘曲位移横向分布函数精度选择的研究结果表明:均布荷载分别作用于腹板顶部、顶板中心时,翘曲位移横向分布函数宜分别选用三次、二次抛物线。     

薄壁箱梁的翘曲连续性条件

基于薄壁杆件理论,分析了薄壁箱梁弯曲剪流和约束扭转翘曲剪流计算时的翘曲连续性 条件. 从翘曲连续性条件出发,推导了薄壁箱梁约束扭转翘曲剪流的一般公式,此外,还指 出了有关文献中的错误并进行了更正. 最后对一个悬臂箱梁的约束扭转翘曲剪流进行了计算 比较.     

用斜交坐标差分法计算叶型的弯曲中心

对于象叶型这样具有复杂曲线边界的截面,本文介绍用斜交坐标差分法数值求解应力函数和翘曲函数来计算弯曲中心.首先选取能逼近边界的网格并建立斜交坐标系,然后对网格区域用回路积分导出差分格式,再用直接法求解所得的对称带状线性代数方程组,并对网格点上的函数值用Romberg 公式数值积分,从而得到弯曲中心值.文末以椭圆和半圆为例考察计算精确度,所得计算值与精确值非常接近.     

基于辛弹性力学方法的中厚板板形翘曲行为分析

针对中厚板轧制过程中经常出现的头/尾部翘曲问题,在进行有限元分析的基础上,指出出现这种翘曲问题的主要原因是由于在轧制过程中上下表面的延伸不一致。为了进一步分析其延伸差与翘曲量大小的关系,本文将辛弹性力学方法引入到板形翘曲计算中,将翘曲计算问题这个给定初应变的三维弹性变形问题转化为一个给定初应力和边界条件的平面应变问题,并应用辛弹性力学方法对中厚板钢板的头尾部板形翘曲的力学产生机理进行了解析研究,获得了中厚板钢板产生头尾部翘曲的完备的应力场、位移场表达式,建立了中厚板翘曲高度和厚度方向上延伸差的解析关系,为翘曲控制提供了理论指导。在此基础上,根据上述理论对现场产生的翘曲问题进行了分析,找出了其翘曲产生的原因,提出了工艺改进措施,取得了显著的应用效果。     

H形钢梁考虑有限翘曲约束刚度的扭转效应分析

为考虑半刚性连接对H形钢梁翘曲变形的有限约束,引入翘曲约束刚度的概念,提出介于简单支承和固定支承之间的半刚性连接H形钢梁约束扭转计算方法。结合数值算例,验证本文方法的正确性,详细分析翘曲约束刚度变化对翘曲正应力和二次剪应力的影响。研究结果表明：翘曲约束刚度引起的双力矩沿跨度呈线性变化,翘曲正应力随翘曲约束刚度的增大而减小,二次剪应力随翘曲约束刚度的增大而增大。     

开口和闭口混合薄壁截面翘曲座标的计算

本文对三种类型的开口和闭口混合薄壁截面的翘曲座标计算作了示例,并建立了计算公式以表示翘曲座标值。计算方法系根据广义岛性座标计算的原则。     

用高阶剪切变形理论研究双模量梁的弯曲

利用高阶剪切变形理论研究了双模量梁的弯曲变形问题,推导出了双模量梁的挠曲线方程及弯曲正应力公式．讨论分析了翘曲函数的指数n对挠度、正应力的影响．研究结果表明：拉压弹性模量的差异对梁的弯曲应力有较大影响．把高阶剪切变形理论的计算结果与弹性理论计算结果进行比较,可知该方法计算精度非常高．     

The Elastic-Plastic Torsion Problem: A Direct Boundary Approach∗

A new mechanics theorem pertaining to the elastic-plastic torsion problem is shown; i.e., the complementary energy evaluated on some admissible set of functions is minimized with respect to the transient (free) boundary between the elastic and plastic zones. The elastic-plastic torsion problem is then formulated as an unconstrained shape optimal design problem which treats the free boundary directly as a unknown. Unlike other formulations there is no inequality constraint involved in this formulation. The derivation of shape design sensitivity and numerical results for circular cross section and Sokolovsky's oval are presented.     

轴对称弹性体扭转问题的无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin法

本文将无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin 法应用于轴对称弹性体扭转问题的求解．无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin 法采用自然邻接点插值构造试函数，并且采用三角形线性单元的形函数作为加权残值法的加权函数．自然邻接点插值构造的试函数满足Kronecker delta 函数性质，因此本质边界条件的施加十分方便．由于几何形状和边界条件的轴对称特点，原来的空间问题简化为二维问题求解，因此计算时只需要横截面上离散节点的信息．数值算例结果表明，所提出的方法对求解轴对称弹性体扭转问题是行之有效的．     

Vibration and stability of an axially moving viscoelastic beam with hybrid supports

Vibration and stability are investigated for an axially moving beam constrained by simple supports with torsion springs. A scheme is proposed to derive natural frequencies and modal functions from given boundary conditions of an elastic beam moving at a constant speed. For a beam constituted by the Kelvin model, effects of viscoelasticity on the free vibration are analyzed via the method of multiple scales and demonstrated via numerical simulations. When the axial speed is characterized as a simple harmonic variation about the constant mean speed, the instability conditions are presented for axially accelerating viscoelastic beams in parametric resonance. Numerical examples show the effects of the constraint stiffness, the mean axial speed, and the viscoelasticity.     

用样条边界元与奇异积分方程法联合求解多裂纹柱体的扭转

通过间解的分离，本文将径向多裂纹柱体的导曲函两个调和函数表示，使问题归为解一组混混合型积分方程。针对方程的特点，本文联合使用三次样条边界法与奇异积分方程的数值方法对所得方程建立了数值法，并对裂纹相交情形作了特殊处理。最后对工程中感兴趣的一些典型的多裂纹柱体的扭转作了例题计算，结果表明，本文方法具有收敛快，精度高的特点。     

A new boundary integral equation for plane harmonic functions

In this paper, we propose a new boundary integral equation for plane harmonic functions. As a new approach, the equation is derived from the conservation integrals. Every variable in the integral equation has direct engineering interest. When this integral equation is applied to the Dirichlet problem, one will get an integral equation of the second kind, so that the algebraic equation system in the boundary element method has diagonal dominance. Finally, this equation is applied to elastic torsion problems of cylinders of different sections, and satisfactary numerical results are obtained.     

A study on torsion of a non-linear viscoelastic slab about non-coincident axes

In this work, the torsion of a non-linear viscoelastic slab between two infinite plates about non-coincident axes, where the top and the bottom boundary surfaces are bounded to rigid plates, is studied. The boundary-initial value problem is formulated and is solved numerically, with deformation prescribed at boundaries. The numerical procedure is such that at each time step, the problem is equivalent to a system of three coupled non-linear partial integro-differential equations for time and the displacement functions.     

The solution of integral equations with strongly singular kernels applied to the torsion of cracked circular cylinder

In this paper,the functions of warping displacement interruption defined on the crack lines are taken for the fundamental unknown functions.The torsion problem of cracked circular cylinder is reduced to solving a system of integral equations with strongly singular kernels.Using the numerical method of these equations,the torsional rigidities and the stress intensity factors are calculated to solve the torsion problem of circular cylinder with star-type and other different types of cracks.The numerical results are satisfactory.     

弹性薄板弯曲问题的边界轮廓法

导出了弹性薄板弯曲问题边界积分方程的另一种形式,基于这种方程,提出了平板弯曲问题的边界轮廓法,讨论了三次边界单元边界轮廓法的计算列式,并给出了计算内力的边界轮廓法方程。该法无需进行数值积分计算,完全避免了角点问题和奇异积分计算。给出的算例,与解析解相比较,证实该方法的有效性。     

An analogue technique for determining torsion and flexure functions of uniform beams

This paper describes an extremely simple, and yet accurate technique, based on electric analogy, for determining torsion and flexure functions of beams of uniform section, acted upon by terminal loads. Equations governing the torsion and flexure of such beams have been expressed to state the problem as a Neumann-type boundary-value problem; thus, the problem reduces to finding a function (or functions), which is harmonic within the cross section of the beam, and whose normal derivatives at the boundary of the section are prescribed. Prescribed current densities are introduced at the boundary, and consequent voltages are obtained as the analogue of required functions. Instrumentation is very simple and, once what has been described here as the “influence matrix” of voltages is obtained, both torsion and flexure functions can be obtained simply by multiplying the “influence matrix” by vectors of appropriate normal derivatives at the boundary. None of the usual drawbacks of membrane analogy arise here. Use and accuracy of the technique have been demonstrated by a number of examples.     

Stress intensity factors of the eccentric and edge cracked cylinders

Using the single crack solution and the regular solution of harmonic function,thetorsion problem of a cracked cylinder is reduced to solving a set of mixed-type integralequations which can be solved by combining the numerical method of singular integralequation with the boundary element method.Several numerical examples arecalculated and the stress intensity factors are obtained.