竖向力作用在粘弹性土体内部时的解答与应用

选择三参量固体模型描述土体的粘弹性本构关系,利用半空间体内部受竖向集中力的Mindlin弹性解,根据粘弹性理论中的准静态弹性-弹粘性对应原理,推导了竖向力作用在粘弹性半无限土体内部的理论解。通过对应力和位移解答进行Laplace逆变换,给出了应力与位移的时域解。作为解答的应用,建立了粘弹性半无限体内部矩形面积上作用有三角形分布、均匀分布荷载时的粘弹性沉降计算公式。为了便于计算与工程应用,根据粘弹性理论解编制了计算程序。结果验证和实例分析表明,文中理论解是正确的,并为工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

弹性半空间表面在水平谐和集中力作用下的位移

自[1]以后,已有许多学者对理想弹性半空间表面在集中动荷载作用下的位移问题进行了大量的理论及试验研究.在一些专著中[2,3,4],对此问题曾作过系统的阐述.在这些研究中,竖向力作用的问题讨论得比较充分,水平力作用的问题则很少涉及.静水平集中力作用下的位移和应力问题已由Cerruti 在1882年解决了.1960年赵继昌得到了以Heaviside 阶跃函数H(t)表示的突加水平集中力作用下的位移闭合解.半空间表面在水平集中谐和力作用下位移的精确闭合解尚未见报道.本文放弃了从积分形式解出发的Lamb 传统求解途径,而从突加水平集中力作用下的解答出发,最终求得了闭合精确解,由此解得的结果以几种无量纲图表示之,并与鸟海的理论结果作了对比.     

饱和轴对称黏弹性体的求解

应用Laplace变换和Hankel变换求解Blot固结方程,得出了饱和半无限空间黏弹性体在均布荷载作用下的应力、位移和超孔隙水压力的显式解答。进行Kelvin模型黏弹性算例分析,从而验证了本文理论的准确性和有效性。计算表明：超孔隙水压力随着深度的增长先增加后减小,体积应变在荷载作用初期有明显的增加;随着时间的增长,体积应变的增加速度放缓。     

弹性力学问题的开尔文基本解的简单推导法

弹性力学问题中有名的开尔文解为无限大平面区域或无限大空间区域中在原点作用单位集中力的解答.边界元法中将开尔文解作为基本解,由此,该解答的作用日益增加,以及越来越多的人们要接触到该解答,然而该解答的推导较为繁锁,使多数边界元工作者局限于该解答的应用而不去追求该解答的推导.本文将单位集中力用 Dirac Delta 函数表示成体力分量,然后采用伽辽金位移函数求解开尔文问题,这样做不...     

半元限各向同性弹性平面的周期运动载荷问题

关于半无限各向同性弹性平面的周期载荷问题,曾为路见可教授应用周期Riemann边值问题的结果所解决.本文,将应用关于半平面的Hilbert核积分公式,来求解半无限各向同性弹性平面的周期运动载荷问题.我们得到了封闭形式的解答,并且例举了实际工程中常见的一些情况加以说明. 1、基本假定与应力函数的周期性假设半无限弹性介质占有z(=x+iy)平面的下半平面S~-,以水平Ox轴作为边界,此时称它为半无限弹性平面. 下面的基本假定在本文中总是成立的:应力和位移都是以απ为周期的,应力是有界的(位移却不一定),并且所论及的边界条件都是以απ为周期的.因此,只须讨论弹     

弹性力学问题的开尔文基本解的简单推导法

弹性力学问题中有名的开尔文解为无限大平面区域或无限大空间区域中在原点作用单位集中力的解答.边界元法中将开尔文解作为基本解,由此,该解答的作用日益增加,以及越来越多的人们要接触到该解答,然而该解答的推导较为繁锁,使多数边界元工作者局限于该解答的应用而不去追求该解答的推导.本文将单位集中力用 Dirac Delta 函数表示成体力分量,然后采用伽辽金位移函数求解开尔文问题,这样做不     

均布荷载作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

利用应力函数半逆解法,研究了均布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解,给出了各向应力应变与位移的解析显式表达式.首先根据平面应力状态的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了各应力分布的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了应变和位移的分布.最后,通过将本文的解退化到均质各向同性梁并与经典弹性解比较,证明了本文理论的正确性,并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数n对应力和位移分布的影响.     

水平均布荷载作用在地基内部时的土中应力公式

本文根据半无限体内受水平集中力作用的明德林公式，通过积分而首次完整地推导出水平矩形均布荷载作用在地基内部时的土中应力分量的解析表达式，以便工程设计人员在设计时使用。     

土力学中Mindlin课题的计算探讨

按R.Mindlin在1936年发表的弹性半无限体内一点受集中力作用时,半无限体内应力与变形的计算公式,不难推出深埋基础条件下,地基中应力分布及变形的积分表达式.为简便起见,我们仅讨论垂直方向的法向应力与变形,并限于均布载荷.对于水平方向的法向应力与变形以及剪切应力和其他类型载荷,计算完全类似而不予赘述.     

饱和土埋置力源的三维动力Lamb问题解答

基于一组弹性土波动方程，应用Fourier级数展开和Hankel积分变换，得到了三维问题饱和土骨架与孔隙水的应力及位移分量在变换域内的积分形式通解．考虑地基表面透水情形，由边界条件导出了半空间饱和土体在埋置力源作用下的三维动力Lamb问题的解答．给出了埋置水平力作用下地基表面竖向位移、径向位移及周向位移的数值解．该研究为运用边界元法求解饱和地基的动力响应课题奠定了理论基础．     

Wavelet approach to vibratory analysis of surface due to a load moving in the layer

The paper analyses theoretically the surface vibration induced by a point load moving uniformly along a infinitely long beam embedded in a two-dimensional viscoelastic layer. The beam is placed parallel to the traction-free surface and the layer under the beam is assumed to be a half space. The response due to a harmonically varying load is investigated for different load frequencies. The influence of the layer damping and moving load speed on the level of vibrations at the surface is analysed and analytical closed form solutions in the integral form for the displacement amplitude and the amplitude spectra are derived. Approximate displacement values depending on Young’s modulus and mass density of layers are obtained. The mathematical model is described by the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation, Navier’s elastodynamic equation of motion for the elastic medium and appropriate boundary and continuity conditions. A special approximation method based on the wavelet theory is used for calculation of the displacements at the surface.     

Three Dimensional Vibration Transmission of a Plate on a Layer of Porous Medium Due to a Moving Load

Three-dimensional (3D) transmission of vibration in an infinite elastic thin plate on a layer of poroviscoelastic medium, due to a harmonic, rectangular moving load, is investigated theoretically based on Biot’s theory. The material of the medium is idealized as a uniform, fully saturated poroviscoelastic layer on bedrock. By introducing four scalar potential functions and Helmholtz decomposition theorem, analytical solutions of stress, displacement, and pore pressure with and without thin plate are derived using Fourier transform technique. Numerical results are obtained with the help of inverse Fourier transform and are used to analyze the influence of load velocity, porosity, permeability, relative stiffness of plate versus ground, and the thickness of plate on the vibration. Furthermore, the results are compared with the available dynamic response results of a non-moving load on a layer of viscoelastic material.     

变边界粘弹性轴对称问题的复变函数法

对边界几何形状、位置随时间变化的变边界结构,给出了用复变函数求解粘弹问题的解析方法。文中用拉普拉斯变换结合平面弹性复变方法,对内外边界变化时粘弹性轴对称问题进行求解。引入两个与时间、空间相关的解析函数,给出了变边界情况下应力、位移以及边界条件与解析函数的关系。当解析函数形式部分确定,则可用边界条件求解其中与时间相关的待定函数。求解待定函数的方程一般情况下为一系列积分方程,特殊情况可求得解析解。对轴对称问题中应力边值问题、位移边值问题以及混合边值问题,分别利用边界条件求得相关系数,从而得到了应力与位移的解析表达。当取Boltzmann粘弹模型时,进行不同边值问题的分析。分析显示,应力、位移的形态与大小均与边界变化过程相关,与固定边界粘弹性问题有较大不同。本文解答可用于粘弹性轴对称问题内外边界任意变化及各种边值问题的力学分析。此外,该法可进一步进行荷载非对称、复杂孔型变边界问题的求解。     

黏弹性界面断裂分析的增量“加料”有限元法

提出了一种适用于黏弹性界面裂纹问题的增量“加料” 有限元方法. 利用弹性界面裂纹尖端位移场的解答,通过对应原理和拉普拉斯逆变换近似方法,得到了黏弹性界面裂纹的尖端位移场. 用该位移场构造了黏弹性界面裂纹“加料” 单元和过渡单元位移模式,推导了增量“加料” 有限元方程,求解有限元方程可获得应力强度因子和应变能释放率等断裂参量. 建立了典型黏弹性界面裂纹平面问题“加料” 有限元模型,计算结果表明,对于弹性/黏弹性界面裂纹和黏弹性/黏弹性界面裂纹,该方法都能得到相当精确地断裂参量,并能很好地反映蠕变和松弛特性,可推广应用于黏弹性界面断裂问题的计算分析.      

粘弹性岩体中支护圆形洞室施工过程的解析分析

地下洞室的开挖与支护是逐步的连续过程。对具有流变效应的粘弹性岩体,流变时效与施工效应发生耦合,变形与时间相关。针对深埋圆形洞室的施工,用半径时变函数模拟断面开挖过程。当岩体模拟为任一粘弹性材料时,将方程进行拉普拉斯变换求得位移通解,逆变换后代入边界条件确定待定函数,最终得到用洞周面力表达的围岩应力、位移统一解。区分开挖与支护时段,将半径时变函数、洞周面力不同表达式代入,利用支护后围岩与弹性支护接触条件建立关于支护力的Volterra积分方程。当岩石模拟为Boltzmann粘弹模型时,代入材料参数可求解积分方程得到支护力的确切表达,并进一步求得开挖过程及任意时刻支护后应力、位移分段解析表达式。表达式和算例分析表明:加支护后的径向位移增长呈指数形式变化且最终稳定于某一数值。最终洞型相同时,采用不同断面开挖速度且挖完立即支护时,开挖较快的情况位移变化较剧烈,而支护后最终稳定位移较小;但是,相应支护阶段产生的位移较大,支护力也较大。文中给出的方法可用于计算圆形洞室半径任意开挖并加支护后的应力、位移,适用于任一粘弹模型岩体的施工分析。     

Second-order two-scale computational method for ageing linear viscoelastic problem in composite materials with periodic structure

The correspondence principle is an important mathematical technique to compute the non-ageing linear viscoelastic problem as it allows to take advantage of the computational methods originally developed for the elastic case. However, the correspondence principle becomes invalid when the materials exhibit ageing. To deal with this problem, a second-order two-scale (SOTS) computational method in the time domain is presented to predict the ageing linear viscoelastic performance of composite materials with a periodic structure. First, in the time domain, the SOTS formulation for calculating the effective relaxation modulus and displacement approximate solutions of the ageing viscoelastic problem is formally derived. Error estimates of the displacement approximate solutions for SOTS method are then given. Numerical results obtained by the SOTS method are shown and compared with those by the finite element method in a very fine mesh. Both the analytical and numerical results show that the SOTS computational method is feasible and efficient to predict the ageing linear viscoelastic performance of composite materials with a periodic structure.     

Shape Recovery of Viscoelastic Beams After Stowage

The deployment of viscoelastic structures that have been held stowed for a given time duration can be formulated as a viscoelastic boundary value problem in which the prescribed condition switches from constant displacement to constant traction. This paper presents closed-form expressions for the load relaxation and shape recovery of a linear viscoelastic beam subject to such time-varying constraints. It is shown that a viscoelastic beam recovers to its original shape asymptotically over time. The analytical solutions are employed to investigate the effect of temperature and stowage time on the time required to achieve recovery with a specified precision. Based on the time-temperature equivalence principle, the relationship between recovery time and holding duration is concisely presented on a single plot. It is found that recovery time increases with holding duration but with a diminishing effect.     

Load motion along a beam on a viscoelastic half-space

An expression is derived for equivalent foundation of a viscoelastic half-space interacting with an Euler–Bernoulli beam. It is shown that this equivalent viscoelastic foundation depends on frequencies and wave numbers of the waves in the beam. The real and imaginary part of it substantially varies for phase velocities in between the Rayleigh and shear waves velocities. Radiation of elastic waves occurs for velocities larger than some velocity in that interval. The steady-state beam displacements due to a uniformly moving constant load are calculated for different velocities. The maximum displacement under the load takes place for a velocity of order of the Rayleigh waves velocity.     

粘弹层合板的稳态振动和层间应力

应用混合分层理论和Ressiner混合变分原理，在板厚方向取二次位移插值函数和三次、四次横向应力插值函数推导出粘弹层合板的动力学方程，得出简支粘弹层合板稳态振动的解。不仅得出与三层弹性板精确的自振频率吻合良好的解，而且对于粘弹层合板，所计算的自振频率和结构损耗因子也与三维结果吻合较好。计算了自由阻尼层合板对应的低阶法向位移响应幅值和层问横向应力的幅值。结果表明，较高的层间横向正应力是低频稳态振动中引起粘弹层合板分层破坏的主要因素，采用适当模量和厚度的粘弹性材料将有效地降低粘弹层合板的层间横向正应力的幅值。