轴同期涡动和轴承磨激振对轴承油膜稳定性的影响

在自行设计的轴承试验台上研究了轴颈同期涡动和轴承磨激振对油膜层流失稳的影响，结果表明：随着轴颈偏心的增大，涡动倾向增强，流体出现层流失稳，当涡动倾向较弱时，影响油膜层流失稳的主要因素是轴承激振的强度以及低频激振，而高频激振对其影响较小，但当涡动倾向较强时，轴承激振的强度以及激振频率对油膜层流的失稳几乎没有影响。     

轴同期涡动和轴承座激振对轴承油膜稳定性的影响

在自行设计的轴承试验台上研究了轴颈同期涡动和轴承座激振对油膜层流失稳的影响 .结果表明 :随着轴颈偏心的增大 ,涡动倾向增强 ,流体出现层流失稳 ;当涡动倾向较弱时 ,影响油膜层流失稳的主要因素是轴承激振的强度以及低频激振 ,而高频激振对其影响较小 ;但当涡动倾向较强时 ,轴承激振的强度以及激振频率对油膜层流的失稳几乎没有影响     

橡胶弹性支座动态承载特性及其影响因素分析

基于复刚度理论,采用正交实验法,对风力发电机橡胶弹性支座进行动态性能实验,研究载荷频率、载荷幅值、预载荷诸因素对弹性支座动态性能的影响规律. 实验结果表明,橡胶材料的动态性能与载荷频率和幅值具有显著的相关性. 频率增加,橡胶弹性元件的弹性刚度和阻尼因子明显增大;幅值增加,弹性刚度减小,阻尼因子却逐渐增大. 对实验数据进行方差分析,表明载荷频率对动态性能的影响最大,其次是载荷幅值,预加载因素影响非常有限.     

四瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承动力特性的实验研究

采用在线分析方法考察了300MW汽轮发电机可倾瓦轴承的静、动力特性,探讨了载荷、轴颈转速以及动态激振力频率等参数变化对可倾瓦轴承的静、动态性能的影响,比较试验结果与理论计算结果发现,在不同频率激振力作用下,理论计算所得到的可倾瓦轴承动特性参数与试验结果有较大的差异。     

T型槽端面密封气膜热弹流润滑动态稳定性

对T型槽端面密封气膜热弹流润滑动态稳定进行了分析. 考虑端面热变形和弹性变形以及辅助密封的阻尼特性，数值分析了不同振动频率下密封气膜动态压力分布和温度分布规律，并利用小扰动方法分析了外界扰动频率对气膜刚度、阻尼和振幅的影响规律. 结果表明:高压和高速条件下，密封端面的弹性变形和热变形产生发散间隙，导致密封气膜厚度显著降低；外界扰动产生附加压力和温度分布，刚度随扰动频率的增加而迅速增加，阻尼随扰动频率的增加而迅速下降；一定扰动频率范围内，轴向振幅与扰动频率成对数线性关系增加，辅助密封阻尼使得密封气膜的振幅显著上升.      

固-液结合面法向动态接触刚度及阻尼的理论模型与实验分析

固-液接触状态广泛存在于机床核心单元关键零部件的接触运动副中,精确获得固-液结合面法向接触刚度及阻尼参数是高档数控机床产品在研发阶段就存在的一个关键理论与技术问题,并且仍然尚未根本解决。固-液结合面在介观层面上表现为两个粗糙表面的接触,在微观层面上表现为微凸体之间的接触,并在中/重载荷作用下微凸体可能会发生弹性/弹塑性/塑性变形。为了揭示静动态外载荷对固-液结合面接触刚度及阻尼的影响,分别基于GW模型、KKE模型和AF模型对接触微凸体弹性/弹塑性/塑性变形展开研究,并结合流体动力润滑REYNOLDS方程,建立了考虑接触微凸体弹性/弹塑性/塑性变形的固-液结合面接触刚度及阻尼模型。并对其进行实验验证,结果表明：随着预载荷的增大固-液结合面法向动态接触刚度表现出先减小后增大的规律,当接触载荷小于某阈值时动态接触刚度较大,反之静态接触刚度较大;法向动态接触刚度随着法向相对位移幅值的增大而增大,在低载荷时呈线性规律,而高载荷呈非线性规律;法向动态接触刚度随激振频率增大呈线性增大,且载荷越大线性斜率越小。对于法向接触阻尼,随着法向相对位移幅值和接触载荷增大呈非线性增大,随着激振频率增大几乎不变。精确获得固-液结合面法向接触刚度和阻尼及其关键因素的影响规律,对机械系统的分析、设计、优化以及静、动态性能控制都具有重要的理论意义。     

平片激振对分离剪切层的影响

实验研究了从前缘加入周期性扰动，对一个楔形体模型形成的含回流的分离剪切层影响问题，实验雷诺数Ｒｅ＿ｃ＝６．６７×１０￣５．揭示了含回流的分离剪切层在未激振与激振状态下峰值中心频率的演化特征；探讨了分离剪切层局部响应频率与激振基本频率的关系。研究表明：激振作用改变了分离剪切层峰值中心频率向下游的演化过程，增加了湍流脉动强度和湍流混合，加快了分离剪切层增长，致使剪切层中心线下弯，从而分离剪切层再附或分离泡缩短。     

液弹隔振器非线性传递特性研究

针对液弹隔振器下端空气弹簧变形特点，本研究从液弹隔振器结构模型出发，分析液弹隔振器各部分受力与位移关系，推导考虑和不考虑液弹隔振器下端非线性刚度的运动方程。获得两种条件下液弹隔振器位移传递率，分析存在非线性刚度下位移传递率特性。研究发现：考虑非线性的位移传递率表现出显著的硬化特性，最佳隔振频率随着激振位移幅值增长而增大，隔振频率设计值处的位移传递率随激振位移幅值增长而增大，即隔振效果下降；当液弹隔振器承受较大幅值振动，如激振位移幅值超过10%空气弹簧深度，应当考虑空气弹簧非线性刚度影响。     

偏心迷宫密封动静特性研究

建立了不同偏心状态下迷宫密封三维数值分析模型，应用基于微元理论的密封动力特性系数识别方法计算密封静态和动态特性. 结果表明:转子偏心会降低密封抑制流体泄漏的效果；密封腔内周向压力高点随偏心率增大逐渐偏离最小间隙处. 低偏心率(≤ 0.5)下，静态直接刚度K与静态交叉刚度k变化较小，高偏心率(> 0.5)下K和k的绝对值减小. 随着偏心率的增大，密封小间隙侧流动黏性效应增强是产生负静态直接刚度的主要原因. 密封偏心涡动时，低偏心率(< 0.6)下刚度和阻尼系数变化较小，随偏心率和涡动频率的升高直接刚度逐渐变为负值；随偏心率的增大，交叉刚度在正交两个方向上大小不再相等，有效阻尼降低，高偏心率(≥ 0.6)下有效阻尼受偏心率影响更显著.      

计及轴颈倾斜的径向滑动轴承湍流润滑分析

分析了轴颈倾斜状态下，径向滑动轴承的湍流润滑性能. 基于轴颈倾斜的统一Reynolds方程和能量方程，应用有限差分法求解了不同轴颈倾斜方位角、轴颈倾斜度、偏心率和平均雷诺数下的径向滑动轴承湍流润滑性能. 结果表明:轴颈倾斜方位角α=0°时，随着轴颈倾斜度的增大，轴承油膜的压力峰向轴承一端移动，轴承一端的轴向油膜温度梯度增大；α=90°时，随着轴颈倾斜度的增大，轴承油膜压力逐渐出现双峰分布，且向轴承两端移动，轴承两端的轴向温度梯度也不断增大. 在相同轴颈倾斜度增量下，轴承最大油膜压力、最高油膜温度、承载力和稳定工作力矩的增量随轴承中央截面偏心率的增大而增大. 相同轴颈倾斜度增量下，轴承最大油膜压力增量、最高油膜温度增量、承载力增量、摩擦系数减量和稳定工作力矩增量随平均雷诺数的增大而增大. 可见，径向滑动轴承湍流润滑分析中有必要考虑轴颈倾斜因素的影响.      

Spectral properties and identification of aerostatic bearings

Modified rotor kit Bently Nevada was used for dynamic characteristics measurements of new developed aerostatic bearings.Mathematical model of these bearings is considered as linear.Model was identified with the help of harmonic force excitation independently from the speed of journal rotation.The stiffness and damping matrices were identified for different air inlet pressures.The calculated spectral properties allow to determine the stability boundary for suitable variation of model parameters.     

Nonlinear analysis of a rub-impact rotor supported by turbulent couple stress fluid film journal bearings under quadratic damping

This work reports a numerical study undertaken to investigate the dynamic response of a rotor supported by two turbulent flow model journal bearings with nonlinear suspension and lubricated with couple stress fluid under quadratic damping. This may be the first time that analysis of rotor-bearing system considered the quadratic damping effect. The dynamic response of the rotor center and bearing center are studied. The analysis methods employed in this study are inclusive of the dynamic trajectories of the rotor center and bearing center, power spectra, Poincaré maps and bifurcation diagrams. The maximum Lyapunov exponent analysis is also used to identify the onset of chaotic motion. The modeling results provide some useful insights into the design and development of rotor-bearing system for rotating machinery that operates at highly rotational speed and highly nonlinear regimes.     

密封环挠性安装形式对干气密封动态追随性的影响

基于气体润滑理论,并通过小扰动法建立了螺旋槽干气密封微扰膜压控制方程,在高速高压条件下获得了气膜动态特性系数;基于动力学相关知识,在考虑转轴轴向振动的情况下,利用气膜轴向动态刚度和阻尼系数分别求解了静环挠性安装、动环挠性安装和两环均挠性安装的干气密封挠性环运动方程.在不同轴向激励振幅、激励频率、挠性环质量、弹簧刚度和辅助密封圈阻尼下分别研究了三种典型结构干气密封动态追随性并进行了对比分析.结果表明:当轴向激励频率较高或挠性环质量较大时,静环挠性安装干气密封在刚受到外界激励时膜厚突变相对严重,动态追随性较差;在轴向激励频率较低且挠性环质量较小时,静环挠性安装干气密封相比动环挠性安装干气密封表现出更好的动态追随性;在三种密封环挠性安装形式中,两环均挠性安装干气密封动态追随性最好,且具有绝对优势.     

Nonlinear behavior analysis of geared rotor bearing system featuring confluence transmission

In this paper, the nonlinear vibration characteristics of geared rotor bearing system and the interactions among gears, shafts, and plain journal bearings were studied. First, with the consideration of backlash, transmission error, time-varying mesh stiffness, and layout parameters, the dynamic model of geared rotor bearing system featuring confluence transmission was proposed. The nonlinear oil-film forces were computed with the Reynolds equation for finite-length journal bearings. Second, the responses of meshing vibration and bearing vibration were discussed. The numerical results revealed that the system exhibited a diverse range of periodic, sub-harmonic, and chaotic behaviors. Under different ranges of rolling frequency, the system got into chaos state through different roads. Moreover, in lower frequency, meshing vibration showed coexist of different periodic motions. Lastly, couplings of nonlinear oil-film force and nonlinear gear mesh force were discussed through a range of rolling frequencies. Gear-bearing dynamic interactions were demonstrated through the analysis of dynamic gear loads and dynamic bearing loads, and the coupling effect behaved different when rolling frequency changed.     

Compressibility effects on the dynamic characteristics of gas lubricated mechanical components

The present Note deals with the effects of compressibility on the linearized dynamic characteristics of gas lubricated mechanical components (journal and thrust bearings). Although the effect of compressibility on the static characteristics is well known, its influence on the dynamic characteristics is still not clearly understood. The present Note uses Lubrication's simplest model problems (the 1D slider) to qualitatively describe this effect. An analytic solution obtained for the parallel 1D slider depicts the variation of stiffness and damping with the excitation frequency and shows that this nonlinearity must be taken into account for squeeze number larger than 1. A convenient way of handling this nonlinearity in a dynamic system is described for an aerodynamic thrust bearing. To cite this article: M. Arghir, P. Matta, C. R. Mecanique 337 (2009).     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a rub-impact rotor supported by oil film bearings

A general model of a rub-impact rotor system is set up and supported by oil film journal bearings. The Jacobian matrix of the system response is used to calculate the Floquet multipliers, and the stability of periodic response is determined via the Floquet theory. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system are investigated when the rotating speed and damping ratio is used as control parameter. The analysis methods are inclusive of bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, phase plane portraits, power spectrums, and vibration responses of the rotor center and bearing center. The analysis reveals a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic, multi-periodic, chaotic, and quasi-periodic response. The modeling results thus obtained by using the proposed method will contribute to understanding and controlling of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the rotor-bearing system.