T300/648迭层板接头挤压疲劳损伤参数的选择与测定

本文对碳纤维增强复合材料迭层板(C.F.R.P)接头在不同环境条件下的挤压疲劳损伤扩展进行了实验研究.并根据“剩余强度,剩余刚度”理论和“疲劳模量”概念,讨论了接头的刚度下降和强度变化.由此提出了“损伤参数”D的定义和测量方法;并对损伤试件,进行了X射线检测分析,验证了累积损伤的扩展.     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料多轴疲劳研究进展

纤维增强树脂基复合材料结构在工程应用中常常承受复杂载荷的作用, 从而使材料处于多轴循环应力条件下. 为了更加合理地进行复合材料结构设计, 必须对复合材料多轴疲劳行为进行深入的研究, 建立比较理想的复合材料疲劳寿命预测模型. 首先简单回顾了复合材料单轴疲劳损伤判据及其寿命预测模型, 然后结合作者的研究结果, 总结了近年来国内外纤维增强树脂基复合材料多轴疲劳理论的研究成果, 对各种失效准则、疲劳寿命预测模型进行了较为深入的分析, 指出了它们各自的特点及其存在的问题, 并对复合材料多轴疲劳理论的研究趋势作出了展望. 最后, 对目前常用的复合材料多轴疲劳实验方法进行了总结, 并指出了各种方法的优缺点及其实验中存在的困难.      

CuMg0.4合金弯曲微动疲劳损伤特性研究

在不同参数条件下,针对吊弦用CuMg0.4合金在自主设计的弯曲微动疲劳装置上进行了微动疲劳试验,建立了其疲劳寿命S-N曲线,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)、三维轮廓仪、电子探针(EPMA)等微观分析设备对损伤区域进行了微观分析,探究了吊弦材料的弯曲微动疲劳损伤特性及演变规律.结果显示在接触区处于弹性条件下时,其弯曲微动疲劳S-N曲线呈现倾斜的"Z"型特征,微动疲劳寿命随弯曲应力的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,微动依次运行于PSR(部分滑移区)、MFR(混合区)、SR(完全滑移区).接触区主要存在磨粒磨损、氧化磨损、疲劳磨损和黏着磨损四种形式的弯曲微动疲劳损伤;微动疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展从以接触应力控制为主逐渐转为主要受弯曲疲劳应力控制,整个过程分为三个阶段.     

疲劳损伤状态的试验研究

从疲劳过程中材料显微组织结构的变化特征、疲劳损伤的非线性效应等方面进行分析与论证，提出了不存在一般意义上的“等效损伤状态”的观点，采用高－低和低－高两组循环载荷下的损伤累积试验，对传统意义上的“等效损伤状态”下的剩余寿命试验进行了验证。     

腐蚀环境作用后LC4铝合金疲劳累积损伤竞争模型

日历腐蚀环境作用后材料或结构件的疲劳累积损伤规律是科学地确定飞机结构日历寿命的关键，为此本文进行了多种“疲劳 腐蚀”模式的损伤累积试验，研究了“机械栽荷”和“腐蚀载荷”的相互影响，提出了腐蚀环境作用后疲劳累积损伤的竞争模型。与实验结果的比较表明在“疲劳 腐蚀 疲劳……”的加载模式下竞争模型与试验结果吻合较好。     

微动磨损与微动疲劳寿命的计算与分析方法

微动损伤常见于工程中,可使紧固件松动,疲劳寿命减少和腐蚀增加,造成较大的安全隐患和经济损失．微动损伤的试验耗时耗力,还不宜损伤的直接观察,辅以计算模拟和分析十分必要．本文重点介绍微动磨损和微动疲劳寿命计算的一些方法和分析准则．其中,微动磨损计算主要介绍基于Archard公式,结合有限元计算的分析方法,以及相应的多层节点更新方法．对于微动疲劳寿命的计算和分析,主要介绍基于多轴疲劳临界面准则的判别准则,尤其是基于能量准则的Smith-Watson-Topper参数．重点介绍如何在微动条件下实现磨损与疲劳寿命的耦合求解,以及损伤的累积和破坏的判定．通过一个简单算例说明了微动磨损对其疲劳寿命可有很大的影响．     

金属板结构疲劳损伤二倍频兰姆波检测方法研究

针对重大基础设施安全运行需要,本文进行了金属板结构疲劳损伤非线性兰姆波检测方法研究。基于兰姆波二次谐波产生条件,确定了产生二次谐波积累增长效应的两种兰姆波模态及对应的激励频率。通过有限元仿真,研究了材料性能改变对兰姆波非线性效应的影响,证明了二倍频兰姆波非线性系数对材料性能退化表征的有效性。在此基础上,开展了金属板结构疲劳损伤非线性兰姆波检测实验研究。将极性反转方法应用于疲劳试件检测实验中,有效提高了检测信号中二倍频兰姆波的幅值和信噪比。实验结果表明,两种兰姆波模态对的二次谐波非线性系数均随疲劳损伤增加呈线性增长趋势,但基频S(0,2)模态和二倍频S(0,4)模态对对疲劳损伤检测的灵敏度更高,更适合金属板结构疲劳损伤检测。     

吊车荷载作用下钢结构吊车梁的疲劳可靠寿命评估

从Miner累积损伤的定义出发，视累积损伤为随机过程，临界损伤为随机变量，基于疲劳动态可靠性理论，提出了在役钢结构吊车梁疲劳剩余寿命的可靠寿命评估法。之后与现行《钢结构检测评定与加固技术规程》(YB9257-96)中安全期限寿命评估法进行了分析比较，说明了安全寿命评估方法的概率意义。算例分析结果表明，本文提出的可靠寿命评估方法更加合理。     

基于损伤力学方法的铆接结构疲劳寿命预估

将损伤力学-有限元方法应用于飞机结构疲劳寿命预估中,对机翼蒙皮压窝形式的铆接结构进行了寿命计算和分析,得到了结构的疲劳寿命和疲劳损伤演化过程,并对铆接试验件进行了疲劳试验,将损伤力学方法的预测结果与试验结果进行了比较。分析结果反映出结构疲劳损伤累积初期较为缓慢、后期速率急剧上升的过程,符合损伤演化规律。在180MPa载荷水平下,计算寿命与试验平均寿命的相对误差为11.3%,满足工程精度要求。从而验证了损伤力学方法应用于实际工程结构寿命预测的可行性和可靠性。     

复杂载荷下疲劳寿命的估算

本文讨论在复杂载荷下疲劳(裂纹形成)寿命的估算方法。文中首先着重介绍局部应力-应变法的原理和应用,并通过带孔铝合金试件在随机载荷谱下的疲劳寿命计算实例加以具体说明。其次,本文还用传统的名义应力法作了疲劳寿命估算。对名义应力法,文中用了随机(块)谱及变均值、常均值、等损伤、主峰值等程序块谱。最后,本文把按局部应力-应变法及名义应力法所得疲劳寿命计算结果与已有的试验结果进行了分析比较。     

Monitoring damage in holed CFRP laminates using embedded chirped FBG sensors

This study proposes a new approach to monitoring the damage process in holed CFRP laminates using an embedded chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. To this end, we experimentally and numerically investigated the damage process and the damage-induced changes in the spectrum shape. It was experimentally confirmed that multiple types of damage (e.g., splits, transverse cracks and delamination) appeared near a hole, and that the spectrum shape of the embedded chirped FBG sensor changed as the damage extended. Our proposed simulation for the reflection spectrum considering the damage agreed with the experiments. Furthermore, this study investigated the effect of each damage pattern on the changes in the spectrum shape. Finally, based on these discussions, we present simple damage identifications with the embedded chirped FBG for the holed CFRP laminates under completely unloaded conditions.     

Experimental study and analysis of RC beams strengthened with CFRP laminates under sustaining load

Six reinforced concrete beams strengthened in flexure using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates subjected to different sustaining loads were tested. The main goal of the test is to examine the effects of initial load and load history on the ultimate strength of strengthened reinforced concrete beams by externally bonded CFRP laminates. The main experimental parameters include different levels of sustaining load at the time of strengthening and load history. To explain the experimental results in quantitative terms, a theoretical model for flexural behavior of the strengthened reinforced concrete beam is also developed. Test results in the current study show that sustaining load levels at the time of strengthening have important influence on the ultimate strength of strengthened reinforced concrete beams. If the initial load is basically same, the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP laminates is almost same regardless of load history at the time of strengthening.     

Dynamic tensile strength of composite laminate joints fastened mechanically

The tensile strength of composite joints is determined under dynamic loading conditions. The composites are laminates made from hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (HFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Three different mechanically fastened joint configurations are considered: they are the pin-connected, single-lap and double-lap type. The joint strength under dynamic load is found to be lower than that under quasi-static load. The pin-connected joint was the weakest. Investigated also are the influence of geometric parameters for pin-connected HFRP laminate joints. The results shed light on how to improve the bearing strength of mechanical joints when encountering dynamic loads.     

基于单射流冲击试验的复合材料高速雨滴撞击损伤研究

飞行器高速飞越云雨区时,前表面会受到雨滴的冲击侵蚀。基于一级轻气炮搭建了一种单射流冲击试验平台用于材料雨蚀试验,可产生速度200～600 m/s、直径4～7 mm、头部呈光滑圆弧形的稳定水射流;并对一种碳纤维树脂基复合材料层合板进行了不同速度和直径的单射流冲击试验。结果表明,复合材料单次水射流冲击的典型损伤形貌为:冲击表面凹陷,中心几乎完好无损伤,周围产生一环状损伤带,环内有树脂去除、基体开裂、少量纤维断裂等损伤形式;内部损伤主要由基体开裂和层间分层组成。损伤尺寸呈现典型的各向异性,纵向尺寸大于横向尺寸;随射流速度和直径的增加,表面环状损伤和内部损伤的尺寸均向外扩展,环状损伤面积和内部分层面积也随之增加。水锤压力的压缩和卸载、侧向射流的剪切和应力波的相互作用是造成复合材料单射流冲击损伤的主要机理。     

Statistical Assessment of Tensile Static,Creep and Fatigue Strengths for Unidirectional CFRP

Background

The tensile strength along the longitudinal direction of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) constitutes important data for the reliable design of CFRP structures. Our earlier reports proposed the formulations for the statistical static, creep, and fatigue strengths of CFRP based on Christensen’s model of the viscoelastic crack kinetics.

Objective

This study is concerned with the statistical assessment of the tensile static, creep, and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRPs by using the proposed formulations and the characterization of the long-term strengths of unidirectional CFRPs.

Method

First, the proposed formulations for the time-dependent and temperature-dependent statistical static, creep, and fatigue strengths of CFRP are introduced. Second, the tensile static, creep and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRP are measured statistically at various temperatures using resin-impregnated CFRP strands as tensile test specimens by measuring the viscoelasticity of the matrix resin. Finally, the master curves showing the long-term life of these strengths are constructed by substituting these measured data into the formulations.

Results

The results clarify that the formulations are applicable with high reliability over wide ranges of time and temperature for the statistical tensile static, creep and fatigue strengths of unidirectional CFRP except above the glass transition temperature of the matrix resin. Therefore, the fatigue strength degradation phenomena of unidirectional CFRPs can be expressed by the time- and temperature-dependent part due to the viscoelastic behavior of the matrix resin and the number of load cycle-dependent parts.

Conclusions

The long-term life prediction of unidirectional CFRPs under static, creep and fatigue tension loadings can be determined by ascertaining the mechanical properties of the CFRP and matrix resin in the proposed formulations.

     

Effect of Cold Working on Crack Growth from Holes in Fiber Metal Laminates

Cold expansion has proven to be an effective technique for extending the fatigue life of monolithic materials. Although fiber metal laminate materials show improved fatigue performance compared to their monolithic counterparts, the nucleation and growth of small cracks tends to occur early on in the fatigue life of the material, making acceptance of fiber metal laminates in aerospace more difficult. This work examined whether cold expansion could delay this process in fiber metal laminates and increase the fatigue life of these materials at the same time. The results showed that significant differences existed in the residual strain field between the mandrel exit and entry faces resulting in slower fatigue crack growth on the exit face, which also had higher residual strains in the region surrounding the cold expanded hole. Overall, cold expansion is effective at increasing the fatigue life of fiber metal laminate materials, but is less effective at delaying nucleation and growth of small cracks on the entry face.     

杆系结构静强度和疲劳失效机理及可靠性分析

根据疲劳载荷造成的疲劳累积损伤对结构极限承载力的影响情况,讨论了结构系统承载能力的可靠度计算方法,分析了结构系统中每一个单元在静载和疲劳载荷作用下的两种失效模式,并考虑了二者之间的相关性对该单元可靠性的影响,具体分析了结构系统在这两种载荷作用下的失效机理,给出了在这两种载荷作用下结构系统的可靠性分析方法. 算例表明,在不同的使用年限内,静载和疲劳载荷对结构系统可靠性的影响是不同的;在结构系统主要失效路径中既有单元静强度失效又有单元疲劳失效,这是符合结构系统使用真实情况的.     

基于近场动力学理论的层压板损伤分析方法

提出了一种基于近场动力学理论 的纤维增强复合材料层压板的渐进损伤分析方法.在弹性力学和复合材料力学的基础上, 推导了适用于近场动力学建模的微模量和临界伸长率等基本参量, 结合经典层压板理论中的偏轴模量, 构建了适用于各向异性材料的对点力函数, 可分析3种形式的损伤:纤维断裂, 基体开裂和分层破坏.分析了含圆孔层压板在拉伸载荷作用下的破坏过程, 预测结果与试验结果吻合良好.     

缺口复合材料层合板疲劳性能的试验研究

对带各种缺口的复合材料层合板的疲劳性能进行了研究。设计了不同类型的制品试件,分别进行静态和疲劳试验。试验数据表明,缺口对复合材料的静强度和静刚度的影响不大,缺口试样的疲劳寿命带高于缺口试样,与金属材料相比,复合材料对缺口不敏感。采用条状试样获得的力学性能不参代表复合材料的真实性能,实现表明自由边的缺口对结构提高疲劳寿命是有利的。文中还对疲劳过程中复合材料的刚度变化进行了研究,对文中所研究的层合板,     

含椭圆孔的变角度复合材料层合板的屈曲性能研究

本文利用变角度复合材料的纤维方向角可沿平面位置任意连续变化的特点,提出在孔附近采用与孔同心的椭圆曲线作为纤维铺设路径的层合板铺层方案,以改善含椭圆孔的层合板的孔边应力集中,进而提高层合板的抗屈曲性能．主要研究内容有：利用ABAQUS软件分析本文提出的孔边特殊铺层方式下变角度复合材料层合板的面内应力分布及屈曲性能,通过与传统直线铺层方式以及线性变角度铺层方式进行比较,说明了本文提出的新铺层方式的优越性,并详细分析了椭圆孔的离心率、开孔尺寸及开孔方位对层合板的屈曲临界荷载的影响．研究结果可为含椭圆孔的变角度复合材料层合板的结构设计和优化提供一定的参考．