高速涡轮增压器轴承-转子系统不平衡响应及稳定性分析

汽车涡轮增压器广泛采用浮环轴承支承的小型轻质转子系统,以实现100 000~300 000 r/min的工作转速,提高发动机功率和动力性能,并降低燃油消耗和排放. 在此超高速工况下,动压油膜的强非线性作用和转子固有的不平衡效应使该系统呈现出复杂的动力学现象,其中油膜涡动、振荡、跳跃、倍周期分岔和混沌等非线性动力学行为对增压器的健康运转意义重大,因而备受关注. 本文作者从摩擦学动力学耦合的角度出发,基于流体动压轴承润滑理论和有限差分法计算非稳态油膜压力,结合达朗贝尔原理和传递矩阵法建立了转子离散化动力学方程,提出了一种由双油膜浮环支承的涡轮增压器转子系统动力学模型,并从转子轨迹、轴承偏心率、频谱响应、庞加莱映射和分岔特性等方面比较分析,描述了该非线性轴承-转子系统的不平衡效应及油膜失稳特征. 结果表明:转子一般在相对低速下作稳定的单周期不平衡振动,在高转速下其被油膜失稳引起的次同步涡动所抑制,但不平衡量的增加可阻碍转子以拟周期运动通向混沌运动的路径;适当不平衡补偿下,由于内、外油膜间交互的非线性刚度和阻尼作用,在油膜失稳区间之间的中高速区会出现适合增压器健康运转的稳定区间.      

非线性转子系统的分叉

本文利用非线性动力学的分析方法，研究了非线性挤压油膜阻尼器支承的柔性转子系统中的分叉特性     

弹性支承滑动轴承系统的上稳定性理论及应用

建立了考虑支承阻尼和转子外阻尼的弹性支承滑动轴承系统模型,通过对该模型的油膜稳定性计算,确立了第１和第２稳定性界限并划分了稳定区,从而进一步证实了上稳定区的存在．同时提出了可以通过保证上稳定区工作条件来解决滑动轴承油膜失稳问题,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性．     

油膜支承转子系统动静件碰摩特征分析

以支承在油膜轴承上的Jeffcott转子为对象，分析了油膜力对碰摩转子动力学行为的影响。通过与刚支情形对比，发现油膜力是耦合作用于碰摩转子系统，有时能够抑制振动，有时却加剧振动。因此实际转子碰摩故障诊断过程中，必须在充分考虑支承情况的基础上建立合理的非线性动力学模型，才能为实际转子系统的碰摩故障分析提供必要的理论依据。     

一种估算外弹性阻尼支承最佳参数的方法

设计参数合理的外弹性阻尼支承可以明显改善轴承－转子系统的固有特性及强迫振动响应。文中以滑动轴承支承的单质量转子系统不平衡响应计算为例，介绍了一种估算外弹性阻尼支承最佳参数的新方法——虚设振幅逆解法，并取得了良好的效果。研究结果表明，按照该方法选择弹性阻尼支承最佳参数是合理有效的，并使系统减振要求与改善系统传递力特性和系统的稳定性得到了内在统一。     

可控挤压油膜轴承主动控制转子系统振动

本文提出了“可控挤压油膜轴承”,以主动控制转子系统的振动,设计了不同的可控挤压油膜油承方案,借稳态不平衡响应构成的二次目标函数,分析比较了它们的振动控制效果,根据这一研究,可初步得到如下结论:对于航空发动机,可控挤压油膜轴承极有希望成为一种更有效的振动控制方法。     

航空发动机整机耦合动力学模型及振动分析

面向航空发动机整机振动, 建立了航空发动机转子-滚动轴承-机匣耦合动力学模型. 该模型具有如下特点: (1)考虑转子、滚动轴承及机匣之间的耦合作用; (2)考虑了实际航空发动机的弹性支承及挤压油膜阻尼效应; (3)将转子考虑为等截面自由欧拉梁模型, 运用模态截断法进行分析; (4)考虑了滚动轴承间隙、非线性赫兹接触力以及变柔性VC(Varyingcompliance)振动; (5)考虑了转子与机匣之间的碰摩故障. 运用数值积分方法研究了航空发动机的整机振动规律, 包括: 滚动轴承VC振动分析、弹性支承刚度对耦合系统临界转速的影响、转轴模态截断阶数NM对系统响应的影响分析、挤压油膜阻尼器参数对系统响应的影响分析、突加不平衡的瞬态响应分析以及转静碰摩故障特性分析等.      

涡轮膨胀机止推轴承－转子系统的振动分析

为了确保涡轮膨胀机止推轴承在受到瞬时冲击时不致发生损坏事故，研究了止推轴承－转子系统的轴向瞬态过程，计算了止推轴承的线性油膜刚度系数和阻尼系数，并对线性和非线性两种情况下的轴向瞬态响应作了分析与比较，为止推轴承；转子系统的可靠性评估提供了科学依据。     

刚性转子—挤压油膜阻尼器支承系统的不平衡响应

1 前言航空发动机由于转子不平衡引起的振动是发动机强度设计中的重要课题.为了抑制振动,近年来在转子的支承上采用了同心型或非同心型挤压油膜阻尼器,它的良好效果已为理论和实验研究所证实.但是,由于挤压油膜力的高度非线性,致使有关转子-挤压油膜阻尼器系统的许多问题仍得不到深入的研究.例如,对这个高度非线性系统进行响应分析就是多年来一直困惑工程技术人员的难题.文献[1-3]用直接积分法求系统的偏置协调响应,因而需要大量的计算机时;文献[4]考察了刚性转子的稳态不平衡响应,但这时轴颈中心进动轨道为定心圆,对于偏置椭圆轨道没有研究.鉴于以上问题,本文中用一种新的方     

外弹性支承滑动轴承—刚性转子系统非线性动力稳定性的研究

研究外弹性支承滑动轴承－刚性转子系统的动力稳定性问题。建立了弹性支承圆瓦轴承－Jeffcot转子系统的力学模型,针对滑动轴承水平转子,在油膜力非线性的情况下,采用Newmark方法计算其响应。对于一个具体的算例,通过改变其参数,确定其稳定区,并与滑膜力线性化时理论分析的结果进行了比较。     

双盘悬臂柔性转子--同心型挤压油膜阻尼器系统关于稳态圆响应的参数优选

获得了双盘悬臂柔性转子－同心型挤压油膜阻尼器（ＳＦＤ）系统在ＳＦＤ轴承处的稳态响应的频响特性曲线、盘的频响曲线及传递率曲线。通过求解各方程和分析响应曲线图优选出可以避免出现双稳态和不稳态的参数组合。在给定的参数范围内分析了参数对于各项系统特性的影响,保证了所选能较好地满足各项性能要求,使系统具有优良的稳定性和动态特性。     

A numerical scheme for solving a periodically forced Reynolds equation

A modified Reynolds equation is used to model the air‐film in a high‐speed squeeze‐film bearing. The axial position of the bearing stator is prescribed as a finite amplitude periodic oscillation. A numerical approach is considered for solving the uncoupled and coupled periodic problems associated with this model. The uncoupled problem requires the computation of the squeeze‐film dynamics when the rotor is held at a fixed axial position and the coupled problem incorporates the additional air–rotor interaction since the rotor position is unknown and modelled as a spring‐mass‐damper system. The details of a Fourier spectral collocation scheme are provided for the reduction of the modified Reynolds equation to a system of non‐linear, first‐order ordinary differential equations in space. Using the Matlab boundary value problem solver bvp4c this system of equations is solved to give the periodic pressure distributions and rotor heights. The high degree of accuracy in the spectral collocation scheme is demonstrated through comparison with an appropriate analytical solution. Further analysis indicates that the direct periodic solver is at least 10 times faster than the equivalent Crank–Nicholson finite‐difference scheme. For changing values of a selected physical parameter the method of arc‐length continuation is employed to track branches of solutions computed using the spectral collocation scheme. A selection of results is presented to demonstrate the range of accessible solutions and the robust nature of the numerical scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

转子系统振动的CSFDB主动控制实验研究

采用可控挤压油膜阻尼器作为主控元件,进行转子系统振动主动控制研究,设计开发了锥形可控挤压油膜阻尼器（Controllable Squeeze Film Damping Bearing,CSFDB).CSFDB的外环轴向位置通过专门设计的电液伺服系统来调节其平淡同的轴向位置对应不同的油膜间隙,使转子系统、CSFDB、电液伺 服系统形成一个闭环控制系统,即主动控制转子系统的振动,本文的实验研究工作内容有,CSFDB-转子系统振动特性实验研究;CSFDB-转子系统加、减速振动特性试验研究;转子系统振动的CSFDB主动控制实验研究。转子模型为一单盘悬臂转子,研究结果表明,CSFDB控制效果明显,所研制的控制仪工作可靠,能满足实时必研究;CSFDB外环位置调节系统设计思路可行,性能可靠避孕药推广应用前景。     

Numerical and experimental analysis of the first-and second-mode instability in a rotor-bearing system

Aiming at the oil film instability of the sliding bearing at high speeds, a rotor test rig is built to study the non-linear dynamic behaviours caused by the first- and second-mode instability. A lumped mass model (LMM) of the rotor system considering the gyroscopic effect is established, in which the graphite self-lubricating bearing and the sliding bearing are simulated by a spring–damping model and a nonlinear oil film force model based on the assumption of short bearings, respectively. Moreover, a finite element model is also established to verify the validity of the LMM. The researches focus on the effects of two loading conditions (the first- and second-mode imbalance excitation) on the onset of instability and nonlinear responses of the rotor-bearing system by using the amplitude–frequency response, spectrum cascade, vibration waveform, orbit, and Poincaré map. Finally, experiments are carried out on the test rig. Simulation and experiment all show that oil film instability can excite complicated combination frequency components about the rotating frequency and the first-/second-mode whirl/whip frequency.     

非线性转子的低频振动失稳机理分析

包括两部分内容：１）材料内阻作用下转子自激振动的局部分岔分析；２）考虑湍流因素的滑动轴承油膜力作用下转子轴承系统油膜失稳机理的全面分析。结果表明，非线性转子的自激振动表现出复杂的动力学现象，这些低频振动现象的揭示，为工程上转子故障的识别和预防提供了理论依据。     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a rub-impact rotor supported by oil film bearings

A general model of a rub-impact rotor system is set up and supported by oil film journal bearings. The Jacobian matrix of the system response is used to calculate the Floquet multipliers, and the stability of periodic response is determined via the Floquet theory. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system are investigated when the rotating speed and damping ratio is used as control parameter. The analysis methods are inclusive of bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, phase plane portraits, power spectrums, and vibration responses of the rotor center and bearing center. The analysis reveals a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic, multi-periodic, chaotic, and quasi-periodic response. The modeling results thus obtained by using the proposed method will contribute to understanding and controlling of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the rotor-bearing system.     

Nonlinear analysis of a rub-impact rotor supported by turbulent couple stress fluid film journal bearings under quadratic damping

This work reports a numerical study undertaken to investigate the dynamic response of a rotor supported by two turbulent flow model journal bearings with nonlinear suspension and lubricated with couple stress fluid under quadratic damping. This may be the first time that analysis of rotor-bearing system considered the quadratic damping effect. The dynamic response of the rotor center and bearing center are studied. The analysis methods employed in this study are inclusive of the dynamic trajectories of the rotor center and bearing center, power spectra, Poincaré maps and bifurcation diagrams. The maximum Lyapunov exponent analysis is also used to identify the onset of chaotic motion. The modeling results provide some useful insights into the design and development of rotor-bearing system for rotating machinery that operates at highly rotational speed and highly nonlinear regimes.     

模糊控制在静电悬浮转子微陀螺起支中的应用

给出了一种基于UV-LIGA技术的静电悬浮转子微陀螺,提出了控制系统组成方案,为了实现转子的起支控制和稳定悬浮,模糊控制被应用于该系统中,首先,对轴向压膜阻尼和滑膜阻尼进行有限元分析,并用解析法进行分析,计算结果表明两种方法的一致性,从而得到阻尼的解析表达式。然后,建立了带偏置电压的双边支承下的数学模型,并对数学模型进行模糊控制仿真研究,仿真结果表明,相对于PID控制,模糊控制具有较强的鲁棒性,具有响应速度快,自适应能力强的优点。最后,设计了悬浮控制系统,给出了硬件和软件组成。