Interval analysis method and convex models for impulsive response of structures with uncertain-but-bounded external loads

Two non-probabilistic, set-theoretical methods for determining the maximum and minimum impulsive responses of structures to uncertain-but-bounded impulses are presented. They are, respectively, based on the theories of interval mathematics and convex models. The uncertain-but-bounded impulses are assumed to be a convex set, hyper-rectangle or ellipsoid. For the two non-probabilistic methods, less prior information is required about the uncertain nature of impulses than the probabilistic model. Comparisons between the interval analysis method and the convex model, which are developed as an anti-optimization problem of finding the least favorable impulsive response and the most favorable impulsive response, are made through mathematical analyses and numerical calculations. The results of this study indicate that under the condition of the interval vector being determined from an ellipsoid containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the impulsive responses predicted by the interval analysis method is larger than that by the convex model; under the condition of the ellipsoid being determined from an interval vector containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the interval impulsive responses obtained by the interval analysis method is smaller than that by the convex model.The project supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (10425208), the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Institute of Engineering Physics of China (10376002) The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

结构疲劳寿命估计的集合理论模型

对于材料性质和载荷具有不确定性结构进行疲劳寿命估计时,结构疲劳寿命往往是这些不确定性变量的函数.以凸分析和区间数学为理论基础,将这些不确定变量用椭球和区间定量化,基于Taylor级数展开,提出了近似估计结构疲劳寿命的非概率集合理论模型—凸模型方法和区间分析方法.它们克服了概率方法需要预先知道不确定变量的概率分布密度或大量统计数据的局限性,并且计算量小.通过数值算例,将凸模型方法、区间分析方法与概率方法进行了比较研究,数值计算结果表明了这两种非概率方法对线性及非线性形式的结构寿命估计均能提供令人相当满意的精度.     

Parameter perturbation method for dynamic responses of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters based on interval analysis

The study was intended to evaluate the range of dynamic responses of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters by using the parameter perturbation method. The uncertain parameters were modeled as an interval vector. The first-order perturbation quantities of responses of the perturbed system were obtained through the parameter perturbation method, and then taking advantage of interval mathematics a new algorithm to estimate the response interval was presented. Comparisons between the parameter perturbation method and the probabilistic approach from mathematical proofs and numerical simulations were performed. The numerical results are in agreement with the mathematical proofs. The response range given by the parameter perturbation method encloses that obtained by the probabilistic approach. The results also show good robustness of the proposed method.     

基于凸集合模型的非概率可靠性研究

研究了结构不确定参量用超椭球凸集描述情况下的非概率可靠性问题,提出了一个可靠性指标,可用于度量超椭球凸集模型与区间变量共存情况下的结构安全程度;给出了该指标的求解算法;设计了超椭球凸集模型的Monte Carlo仿真算法,通过算例比较了该指标与传统概率可靠性指标之异同。     

计算不确定结构系统静态响应的一种可靠方法

不确定性广泛存在于工程结构分析和设计过程之中，不能简单地予以忽略。目前，概率方法、模糊方法和区间方法是不确定性建模的三种主要方法。本文把具有不确定性的结构材料参数、几何参数和所受外力用区间数描述，通过求解线性区间方程组准确地计算了结构静态响应。计算结果易于扩张是区间计算的一个主要缺陷，本文提出了一种有效避免这一问题的方法。该方法把区间函数的计算和区间线性方程组的求解转化为相应的全局优化问题，来确定解中的每个区间元素的边界值，并采用一种智能性算法(实数编码遗传算法)来求解这些全局优化问题。本文首先采用数学和结构分析算例对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证，然后把该方法与有限元方法相结合计算不确定结构系统的响应范围，并和求解同类问题的方法进行了比较。     

Post-buckling analysis of a thin stiffened plate with uncertain initial deflection via interval analysis

The post-buckling behavior of the thin stiffened plates with uncertain initial deflection under uni-direction compression load is investigated based on Von-Karman large deflection theory. The uncertain initial deflections are considered to be unknown except that they belong to a given set in the interval range. Interval analysis model for computing the bounds of curves of the post-buckling deflection versus load of the plate is presented. Interval analysis model is compared with the stochastic model, which is taken as the benchmarks of accuracy for judgment. The results indicate that the non-probabilistic and stochastic methods will produce similar results for a large deviation of uncertainty. If the probabilistic information is unavailable, one should not propose the probabilistic method based on an arbitrary assumption on the distribution of the deflection coefficients. Rather, one should use the non-probabilistic method to uncertainty.     

基于Taylor展式的不确定结构复特征值问题两种非概率方法比较研究

代替传统的处理不确定问题的概率统计方法,将利用区问数学和凸模型理论研究具有有界不确定参数的非比例阻尼结构复特征值所在区域问题．区间数学将有界不确定结构参数用超长方体即区问向量进行定量化,而凸模型理论则用椭球对有界不确定参数进行定量化．在不用知道不确定变量的概率统计特性的条件下,区间分析方法和凸模型理论都可以确定出有界不确定结构参数的非比例阻尼结构复特征值所在区域．通过数学证明和数值算例来说明,在凸模型理论中的椭球在由区间分析中的超长方体—区间向量来确定的条件下,由区间数学所确定出不确定结构复特征值实部和虚部的宽度要比凸模型所确定出的范围的宽度要小,而这正是工程技术人员所要求的结果。     

Two non-probabilistic set-theoretical models for dynamic response and buckling failure measures of bars with unknown-but-bounded initial imperfections

This paper is concerned with the problem of comparison of two non-probabilistic set-theoretical models for dynamic response and buckling failure measures of bars with unknown-but-bounded initial imperfections. Two kinds of non-probabilistic set-theoretical models are convex models and interval analysis models. In convex models and interval analysis models, the uncertain quantities are considered to be unknown except that they belong to given sets in an appropriate vector space. In this case, all information about the dynamic response and buckling failure measures of bars is provided by the set of dynamic responses and buckling failure measures consistent with the constraints on the uncertain quantities. The dynamic response estimate is actually a set in appropriate response space rather than a single vector. The set estimate is the smallest calculable set which contains the uncertain dynamic response, but it is usually impractical to calculate this set. Two set estimate methods are developed which can calculate the time varying box or hyperrectangle, i.e. interval vector in the response space that contains the true dynamic response. Comparison between convex models and interval analysis models in mathematical proofs and numerical calculations shows that, under the condition of the outer enclosed ellipsoid from a hyperrectangle or an interval vector, the set dynamic response predicted by interval analysis models is smaller than that yielded by convex models; under the condition of the outer enclosed hyperrectangle or an interval vector from an ellipsoid, the dynamic response set calculated by convex models is smaller than that obtained by interval analysis models.     

区间参数结构平稳随机载荷识别方法

针对贫信息下不确定性结构的随机载荷识别问题,使用基于Taylor展开的区间分析方法,提出了一种不确定性结构随机载荷识别的非概率区间方法。该识别方法在频域中进行,识别时使用区间变量描述工程结构中的不确定性参数。基于测点的响应谱密度函数,首先对不确定性参数的名义值点进行随机载荷识别,其次计算载荷关于不确定性参数的灵敏度,最后基于区间扩张理论获得识别载荷谱的上下界值。算例结果表明,使用区间方法得到的不确定性结构的载荷谱识别区间界值都能完全包含载荷真值,此方法能够在结构设计时给出更为可靠的载荷工况。     

A polynomial chaos expansion approach for nonlinear dynamic systems with interval uncertainty

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper proposes a non-intrusive interval uncertainty analysis method for estimation of the dynamic response bounds of nonlinear systems with uncertain-but-bounded...     

基于凸模型和伪概率分布的不确定性结构响应分析

针对传统基于凸模型的方法分析不确定性结构时仅能给出结构响应边界的局限性, 本文结合基于体积比的伪概率度量和一次二阶矩提出一种结构响应不确定性量化的新方法. 该方法在精确求解不确定性结构响应上下界的同时, 给出了结构响应在上下界内的伪概率分布. 首先利用椭球凸模型对结构不确定性进行建模, 结构响应关于不确定性参数的状态方程将椭球分割成两个区域, 则分割区域体积与椭球域总体积之比可作为伪概率来度量结构响应的不确定性; 其次, 用一次二阶矩法序列求解结构响应不确定性传播方程, 获得最可能展开点及相应分割区域的近似体积. 最后, 通过一个典型的六杆桁架结构算例与传统凸模型方法和蒙特卡洛法进行比较, 验证该方法对不确定性结构响应分析和量化的有效性和优越性.     

基于非概率可靠性的结构优化设计研究

基于不确定参量的凸集合描述,研究了考虑非概率可靠性约束时,结构优化设计模型的求解问题。由于非概率可靠性指标是用一个极小极大模型来定义的,故以该指标作为设计约束,将得到一个嵌套的二级优化模型。为了求解该模型,提出了一种序列线性化的计算方法。利用非概率可靠性分析的拉格朗日乘子,逐步构造可靠性指标的一阶近似,通过序列线性规划法求解二级优化问题。该算法可用于区间变量和超椭球凸集模型并存的情形,具有较好的适用性。论文给出了主要的敏度计算公式,并通过简单算例对所提算法进行了验证。     

有界参数结构特征值的上下界定理

与方法近似性的结构特征值包含定理不同,给出参数近似性的结构的特征值上下界定理．在结构刚度矩阵和质量矩阵可以利用结构参数进行非员分解的条件下,通过区间分析,将特征值的上下界分解成两个广义特征值问题进行求解．结果可以看成是胡海昌教授的特征值质量包含定理和刚度包含定理在结构参数近似性特征值问题中的一种推广和应用．     

改进的区间截断法及基于区间分析的非概率可靠性分析方法

从工程应用的角度出发 ,提出了用区间表示参数的不确定性时 ,线性系统的非概率可靠度指标 ,此可靠度指标在试验数据较少时比概率可靠度指标更合理 ;另外本文还提出了计算响应参量变化范围的区间截断法 ,研究了截断参数 t的选取范围 ,算例分析表明 ,当 t取为所有输入参数的最大相对变化量时 ,由区间截断法算得的结果近似等于精确解 ,而随着 t的增大 ,区间截断法的解逐渐平稳地趋近于由区间算术运算所求得的直接解。     

Vertex solution theorem for the upper and lower bounds on the dynamic response of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of uncertain-but-bounded parameters on the dynamic response of structures. By combining the interval mathematics and the finite element analysis, the mass matrix, damping matrix, stiffness matrix and the external loads are represented as interval matrices and vector. With the help of the optimization theory, we present the vertex solution theorem for determining both the exact upper bounds or maximum values and the exact lower bounds or minimum values of the dynamic response of structures, in which these parameters reach their extreme values on the boundary of the interval mass, damping, stiffness matrices and the interval extemal loads vector. Three examples are used to illustrate the computational aspects of the presented vertex solution theorem.     

有界不确定参数结构位移范围的区间摄动法

当结构参数具有误差或有界不确定性时,区间数学可以在不同知识不确定变量的概率分布的情况下定量地考察不确定参数对结构响应的影响。为计算出不确定结构参数对结构位移影响范围的上下界,文中提出了的两种区骚动国方法。     

结构非概率集合可靠性模型

针对概率可靠性模型和模糊可靠性模型关于原始数据要求高的局限性，将影 响结构可靠性的不确定性信息用区间集合来描述，提出了一种新的结构可靠性分析的非概率 集合模型. 以建立的结构应力-强度非概率集合干涉模型为基础，用结构安全域的体积与 基本区间变量域的总体积之比作为结构非概率集合可靠性的度量，相对于 前人的研究结果具有更加明确的意义，并证明了它与概率可靠性度量 的相容性.     

PARALLEL COMPUTING FOR STATIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES WITH UNCERTAIN-BUT-BOUNDED PARAMETERS

The vertex solution for estimation on the static displacement bounds of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters is studied in this paper. For the linear static problem, when there are uncertain interval parameters in the stiffness matrix and the vector of applied forces, the static response may be an interval. Based on the interval operations, the interval solution obtained by the vertex solution is more accurate and more credible than other methods （such as the perturbation method）. However, the vertex solution method by traditional serial computing usually needs large computational efforts, especially for large structures. In order to avoid its disadvantages of large calculation and much runtime, its parallel computing which can be used in large-scale computing is presented in this paper. Two kinds of parallel computing algorithms are proposed based on the vertex solution. The parallel computing will solve many interval problems which cannot be resolved by traditional interval analysis methods.     

Combination of structural reliability and interval analysis

In engineering applications, probabilistic reliability theory appears to be presently the most important method, however, in many cases precise probabilistic reliability theory cannot be considered as adequate and credible model of the real state of actual affairs. In this paper, we developed a hybrid of probabilistic and non-probabilistic reliability theory, which describes the structural uncertain parameters as interval variables when statistical data are found insufficient. By using the interval analysis, a new method for calculating the interval of the structural reliability as well as the reliability index is introduced in this paper, and the traditional probabilistic theory is incorporated with the interval analysis. Moreover, the new method preserves the useful part of the traditional probabilistic reliability theory, but removes the restriction of its strict requirement on data acquisition. Example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed theory.     

Several solution methods for the generalized complex eigenvalue problem with bounded uncertainties

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of uncertain-but-bounded parameters on the complex eigenvalues of the non-proportional damping structures. By combining the interval mathematics and the finite element analysis, the mass matrix, the damping matrix and the stiffness matrix were represented as the interval matrices. Firstly, with the help of the optimization theory, we presented an exact solution—the vertex solution theorem, for determining the exact upper bounds or maximum values and exact lower bounds or minimum values of complex eigenvalues of structures, where the extreme values are reached on the boundary of the interval mass, damping and stiffness matrices. Then, an interval perturbation method was proposed, which needs less computational efforts. A numerical example of a seven degree-of-freedom spring-damping-mass system was used to illustrate the computational aspects of the presented vertex solution theorem and the interval perturbation method in comparison with Deif’s method.