INS/GNSS/Vision组合近距空中加油相对导航算法

针对空中加油近距对接阶段GNSS信号易受遮挡丢失的问题,考虑引入Vision导航系统,提出一种INS/GNSS/Vision组合的高精度容错相对导航系统,为空中加油近距对接任务提供高精度的双机相对导航信息。该系统采用联邦滤波器结构融合导航传感器信息,利用滑动窗口构建时变量测噪声的容错滤波结构,并基于子滤波器协方差的奇异值分块计算信息分配系数。仿真结果表明,所设计的容错导航系统与单独的INS/GNSS和INS/Vision系统相比,相对位置、速度和姿态的估计精度都有所提高;同时在GNSS出现软故障时,系统可以提供稳定、可靠的相对导航信息,有效提高了INS/GNSS/Vision组合近距空中加油相对导航系统的导航精度、鲁棒性和容错性,相对位置精度较基于常规故障隔离联邦滤波算法提高70%以上,满足了空中加油对接导航需求。     

基于足部微惯性/地磁测量组件的个人导航方法

为降低个人导航定位对卫星导航系统(GNSS)的依赖性,研究了一种基于足部安装微惯性/地磁测量组件的个人导航定位方法.该方法通过微惯性测量组件信息进行捷联惯导解算获得人体足部的姿态、速度与位置信息,利用磁传感器确定运动的航向信息,并采用基于步态相位检测的零速修正方法,实时修正MEMS惯性导航系统的导航信息误差以及惯性传感器的随机误差,从而减缓惯性导航系统的定位误差随时间的积累.导航定位实验结果表明,直线与矩形行进路线的导航定位误差在行进约9 min时分别保持在2 m与6 m左右,分别占行进距离的1.1％与2.5％.该实验结果证明所提出的方法可有效提高个人导航系统的定位精度,在GNSS信号衰减或失效的环境中可实现较长时间的个人导航定位.     

一种SINS/GNSS级联闭环反馈式组合导航系统的设计与研究

对于目前的级联式SINS／GNSS组合导航系统来说，其卡尔曼滤波器的输出校正方式不能深入到捷联解算内部，无法抑制平台姿态误差的发散，也无法校正惯性器件误差，因而在该方式长时间运行不能控制滤波发散，导舷精度随时间下降。为此设计了一种SINS／GNSS级联闭环反馈式组合导航系统，该系统能对SINS的位置、速度误差、平台误差及惯性器件误差作出最优估计并实施反馈。通过仿真证明：该系统不仅能提高导航解的精度，还在校准的同时具有动机座对准能力，满足了长时间导航定位的稳定性。     

一种GNSS/INS/LiDAR组合导航传感器安置关系快速标定方法

卫星导航/惯性导航/激光扫描传感器(GNSS/INS/Li DAR)组合导航定位方法是室内外无缝导航定位的研究热点。而传感器之间高精度安置关系的确立是传感器位姿信息融合的基础,也是制约高精度组合导航定位的重要因素。针对该问题,采用三维激光扫描测量技术和多台经纬仪交汇测量的方法,设计组合导航定位系统室内高精度快速标定方案,建立传感器安置参数解算数学模型,完成了GNSS杆臂值和激光扫描传感器安置参数的标定。使用微分方程分析、蒙特卡罗法对标定结果进行精度分析,仿真实验与实际测试结果表明,传感器安置参数精度对高精度组合导航定位的影响不可忽略,采用所提出的联合测量方法,可以快速获取毫米级精度的传感器位置安置参数和角分级的传感器姿态安置参数,满足组合导航定位系统传感器安置关系标定的精度需求。     

信息融合技术在INS/GPS/DVL组合导航中的应用研究

为克服某船载导航系统不能满足长时间高精度导航定位需要的缺点,提出了一种基于信息融合技术的INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器组合导航方案.介绍了INS/GPS/DVL联邦滤波器的工作模式,在建立INS、GPS和DVL误差模型的基础上,推导了滤波器的组合形式,并详细阐述了该联邦滤波器的融合算法.通过计算机仿真技术分析了该组合导航系统的性能,仿真证明了所设计的联邦滤波器可以充分利用各种导航传感器的信息,提高导航系统的精度,比单独的惯性导航系统能提供更为精确的位置、速度和姿态信息,有效地提高了导航系统的综合能力.     

MEDLL辅助的GNSS/INS系统欺骗信号辨识方法

受欺骗的卫星导航信息与惯导系统组合滤波,会导致错误的惯性器件误差修正量,最终组合导航系统也会被欺骗干扰影响。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于MEDLL算法的改进的GNSS/INS组合导航模式,能够实现欺骗信号的辨识和抑制,保证组合导航信息的可靠性。GNSS接收机通过MEDLL算法同时估计接收的全部卫星信号参数,当欺骗干扰存在时,MEDLL算法可同时估计出两路信号参数,并判定欺骗干扰存在;MEDLL估计的信号参数生成两组输出伪距信息与惯导系统定位信息提供的参考伪距进行比较,实现欺骗信号的辨识。在200次实验测试中,对于牵引速率大于2 m/s的牵引式欺骗信号,4 s内成功辨识的次数为200次。同时,与传统的GNSS/INS组合导航系统相比,提出的MEDLL辅助的组合导航模式能够有效减小欺骗信号的影响,定位结果稳定在真实位置附近。     

INS辅助的GNSS欺骗干扰辨识与抑制方法

GNSS欺骗干扰已经成为导航装备应用中面临的重要威胁之一。现有的基于INS/GNSS组合的抗欺骗算法大多只进行欺骗检测,不能恢复正确的定位结果。针对该问题,将多径抑制算法中的Multi-correlator结构用于真实信号和欺骗信号的参数估计,利用INS短期精度高的特性,实现欺骗信号的辨识。然后将辨识结果反馈跟踪环路抵消欺骗信号,保证接收机跟踪环路始终锁定真实卫星信号。最后,在INS/GNSS组合导航解算过程中引入抗差卡尔曼滤波算法,减小参数估计和辨识结果中粗差对定位结果的影响。利用公开数据集进行试验测试,欺骗干扰条件下定位误差由600?m降为10.0?m,而且在GNSS信号中断90?s重新恢复后,所提算法依旧能够实现欺骗信号的辨识和抑制。试验结果表明所提算法能够保证接收机在欺骗条件下锁定真实卫星信号,连续输出高精度的导航和授时信息。     

基于导航信息双向融合的行人/移动机器人协同导航方法

为提高卫星导航系统失效且环境存在电磁干扰的情况下行人导航系统与移动机器人导航系统的定位性能,研究了一种基于人机一体化智能系统的信息双向融合协同导航方法。该方法利用行人导航系统与移动机器人导航系统不同的误差特性,构建信息双向融合滤波器同步修正两者的导航信息误差,即利用移动机器人捷联惯导系统较高的传感器精度完成对行人导航系统磁航向误差的实时修正,并利用行人导航系统较高的位移精度修正机器人惯导系统误差,实现同步提高两套导航系统的定位与航向精度。导航定位实验表明,该方法可有效提高人机一体化智能系统的导航定位精度,行人导航系统定位误差约为行进距离的3.3%,移动机器人导航系统的误差积累速度降低为单独工作时的1/3。本文所提出的方法利用了人机一体化智能系统的结构特征,在卫星导航系统失效的电磁干扰环境中有效提高了一体化系统的综合导航定位性能,具有较高的理论研究与工程应用价值。     

一种单目视觉ORB-SLAM/INS组合导航方法

针对惯性/卫星组合导航系统在卫星导航失效时无法使用的问题,提出了单目视觉ORB-SLAM/INS组合导航方法,用于扩展组合导航系统在强干扰环境和室内环境的应用范围。该算法分为两个阶段:初始化阶段,当ORB-SLAM形成闭环时设计算法在线估计单目视觉ORB-SLAM算法的尺度因子;导航阶段,ORB-SLAM系统输出的位置信息经过尺度变换后作为观测量进行卡尔曼滤波,估计INS导航系统的误差状态量从而修正惯导系统的误差。设计了硬件和软件平台对提出的组合导航方法进行试验验证。跑车实验结果表明:所设计的ORB-SLAM/INS组合导航系统具有较高的定位精度,导航时间6 min定位误差为1.162 m,且不随时间漂移,具有很强的应用价值。     

基于BDS/INS紧组合的动对动相对导航算法

针对动对动相对定位中卫星观测质量不佳、信号易丢失导致北斗卫星导航系统定位精度不高、无法连续定位的问题,提出了一种基于BDS/INS紧组合的动对动相对导航算法。通过惯导系统与北斗卫星导航系统紧组合的方式,以捷联惯导误差作为组合系统状态量,通过多普勒信息进行伪距平滑,并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波将惯导及卫星观测信息进行融合,解算相对导航结果。通过车载实验对所提出的相对导航算法进行了验证,实验结果表明,所提出的BDS/INS紧组合动对动相对导航算法能够保持分米级相对导航精度,卫星信号短时中断时,能有效保持高精度相对导航结果输出。     

Group properties of utt=[F(u)ux]x

The group properties and the associated Lie algebra are developed for the subject quasilinear wave equation, for arbitrary f[fεC²(R), f > 0, f ≠ 0]. From the resulting information sets of explicit invariant solutions are constructed for wave propagation in gases and for the transonic equation.     

Exact solution of the non-linear differential equation RR̈ + 32R2 − AR−4 + B = 0

The non-linear equation $\text{R}\text{R}\text{?}\text{+}\text{3}\text{2}\text{R}{}^2\text{- AR}{}^{\mathrm{?4}}\text{+ B = 0}$ is shown to represent simply periodic motion with a minimum at R₁ and a maximum at R₁R₀ or a maximum at R₁ and a minimum at R₁R₀^?1. R₀ is a function of the ratio $\text{A}\text{B}$ and is greater than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1 and less than 1 for $\text{A}\text{B}$ > 1. The period of the motion satisfies the simple relation T(R₀^?1) = R₀^?1T(R₀). The exact solution to the above equation is represented in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds and a simple algebraic function.     

Explicit expressions of S(v), H(v) and L(v) for anisotropic elastic materials

The three matrices L(v), S(v) and H(v), appearing frequently in the investigations of the two-dimensional steady state motions of elastic solids, are expressed explicitly in terms of the elastic stiffness for general anisotropic materials. The special cases of monoclinic materials with a plane of symmetry at x₃ = 0, x₁ = 0, and x₂ = 0 are all deduced. Results for orthotropic materials appearing in the literature may be recovered from the present explicit expressions.     

惯导／GNSS／罗兰C／航姿系统组合导航方案

为保证飞行器的导航精度及可靠性,采用了惯导/GNSS/罗兰C/航姿系统的组合导航。该组合导航采用开环组合方式,将多系统导航信息在计算机中进行综合,提高导航信息精度。仿真试验结果说明,所设计的组合导航系统是可行的,能满足任务要求。     

Phase portraits and bifurcations of the non-linear oscillator: ẍ + (α + γx2 + βx + δx3 = 0

The non-linear oscillator ? + αx + γx²x + βx + δx³ = 0 is studied using the methods of differentiable dynamics to obtain qualitative behaviour. The case x, β<0; γ, δ> 0 is considered in some detail; it has physical relevance as a simple model in certain now-induced structural vibration problems in which the structural non-linearities act to maintain overall stability. The presence of local and global bifurcations is detected and their physical significance discussed.     

Rheology/morphology/flow conditions relationships for polymethylmethacrylate/rubber blend

Viscoelastic behavior, phase morphology and flow conditions relationships in polymer/rubber blends have been investigated. The importance of such correlations is illustrated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/rubber blends subjected to different flow conditions both under small and large deformations. In small-amplitude oscillatory shear (the morphology does not change during the flow) the elastic modulus G of the concentrated blends shows a secondary plateau, G _p , in the low frequency region. This solid-like behavior appears for rubber particle contents beyond the percolation threshold concentration (15%). Morphological observations revealed that for concentrations higher than 15%, the particles are dispersed in a three-dimensional network-type structure.In capillary flow it was found that the network-type structure was destroyed and replaced by an alignment of particles in the flow direction. This morphological modification resulted in a decrease in both viscosity and post-extrusion swell of the blends. Morphological observations revealed that the ordered structure in the flow direction was concentrated only in the skin region of the extrudate, where the shear stress is higher than the secondary plateau, G _p . A simple kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the observed morphology.Similarly, steady shear measurements performed in the cone-and-plate geometry revealed alignment of particles in the flow direction for shear stress values higher than G_p.Presented in part at the Symposium Recent Developments in Structured Continua Montréal (Canada) 26–28 May 1993 and at the 45th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec, October 15–18 (1995)     

溅射沉积WSx/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的微结构及大气环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射技术在硅基体上交替沉积WS₂、Ni及非晶碳(a-C)层制备出不同Ni层厚度的WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等研究了多层膜的成分及微观结构；通过纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等评价了薄膜的力学及大气环境中的摩擦学性能. 结果表明:随着Ni层厚度的增加，WS_x/Ni/a-C/Ni多层膜的致密度下降，n_s/n_w值(S与W原子百分数之比)由0.84降至0.73，WS_x层以微晶或非晶的形式存在. 多层膜的硬度和磨损率均随Ni层厚度的增加先降低后升高，但摩擦系数由0.22升至0.38，结合力先增大后减小. Ni层厚度为6 nm的多层膜的硬度可达13.4 GPa，抗氧化性能和耐磨性最优，磨损率仅为9.47×10–14 m3/(Nm).      

机翼-机身-挂架-短舱复杂流场数值模拟

本文采用分区搭接网格技术,对机翼/机身/挂架/短舱复杂组合体进行网格分布,通过分析计算网格对结果的影响,探讨了网格的划分.基于Roe的近似黎曼解的方法,采用S-A湍流模型,通过求解N-S方程,对该组合体外流场/发动机短舱内流场进行一体化数值模拟,与相应风洞实验数据进行了比较与分析,取得了与实验数据较为吻合的结果.与无发动机短舱的组合体的气动特性进行比较,分析了短舱对翼身组合体的气动干扰.     

On free energy-based formulations for kinematic hardening and the decomposition F = fpfe

Within the framework of linear plasticity, based on additive decomposition of the linear strain tensor, kinematical hardening can be described by means of extended potentials. The method is elegant and avoids the need for evolution equations. The extension of small strain formulations to the finite strain case, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and inelastic parts, proved not straight forward. Specifically, the symmetry of the resulting back stress remained elusive. In this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematic hardening is proposed. The formulation is able to reproduce symmetric expressions for the back stress while incorporating the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening where an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. It is shown that the symmetry of the back stress is strongly related to its treatment as a truly spatial tensor, where contraction operations are to be conducted using the current metric. The latter depends naturally on the deformation gradient itself. Various numerical examples are presented.