预应力锚索在平庄西露天矿非工作帮边坡加固工程中的应用

预应力锚索在岩土工程边坡已经得到了广泛地应用,但在露天煤矿边坡的应用还不多见。本文介绍了预应力锚索加固在露天煤矿非工作帮的应用实例,就不同条件及不同加固参数的边坡加固效果进行了研究。其结果表明,通过预应力加固的边坡,其稳定性得到迅速提高。实施的加固参数能够满足矿山边坡的稳定要求。加固技术已在该矿得到应用。     

基于形体中轴的自适应有限元模糊控制算法

空间任意形体均可由形体中轴和中轴半径重构。本文在任意区域的形体中轴生成的基础上，应用中轴半径函数及其变化，建立了有限元网格生成的h型自适应模糊控制。应用结果表明，本算法可大大提高了自适应有限元计算效率和应用范围。     

Rod-pinch二极管综述

简要介绍了Rod-pinch二极管的基本工作原理及国外的应用研究现状，重点介绍了对二极管性能的影响因素及其结构的改进。针对目前Rod-pinch二极管在闪光照相领域的应用，提出了以后的发展方向和应用前景。     

关于岩土工程类比法的研究

为了提高岩土工程类比法的应用水平, 有必要对工程类比法的理论依据、应用条件、可比性和可比度进行深入研究。本文还提出了可比度的概念和以影响因素分析为基础的可比度确定方法。在若干边坡工程的实际应用说明该方法可行。     

会议消息

四川省力学学会委托西南流体物理研究所主办爆炸力学与高速摄影技术应用讨论会于1983年10月13日至15日在成都市召开。 这次会议的目的是了解爆炸力学和高速摄影技术应用范围,探索应用这两种技术,开展技术协作。     

应用数学的一些最新进展

应用数学在最近几年得到的进展可以从两个不同的角度来讨论,一是开辟了新的应用领域;二是应用数学分析方法本身也在不断发展。这里,重点打算讲述第二个问题。让我们追述到1945年左右的情况。1945年以来,正是计算机发明和广泛应用,应用数学本身也获得极迅速发展的时期,换言之,高效率计算视在应用数学发展的进程中,起了      

《应用数学和力学》征订

<正> 《应用数学和力学》是国内外力学界和应用数学界100名学者编辑的全国性学术刊物。由全国政协副主席、上海工业大学校长钱伟长教授任主编,兰州大学叶开沅教授任副主编,交通部重庆交通学院主办,重庆出版社出版。《应用数学和力学》努力发表国内外力学和有关力学的应用数学的创造性学术论文,以中、英文两种版本向国内外公开发行,深受国际学      

聚能爆破

利用聚能效应原理加工制成的聚能药包在爆破工程中的应用,称“聚能爆破”。 本文所介绍的几种聚能药包的设计是以多次试验的总结资料为依据的。此外,文中主要介绍了试验结果和在实际爆破中的应用效果,尤其在铁道建设中的应用。     

电弧加热技术的研究与发展

自本世纪以来,电弧的应用不断增加。50年代末期以来,由于空间技术的发展(主要是高温环境模拟设备的需要和高比冲空间推进器的研究),电弧加热技术的水平有很大提高。这也促进了电弧加热技术在各种科学技术领域中的研究和应用。现在除了在空间技术中的应用以外,电弧加热在加工工艺、高强度光源、化工、石油、金属冶炼、钻岩、激光等领域内都有新的研究和应用。有关的基本研究,如电弧和等离子体的研究,物理气体动力学和化学气体动力学也大量开展。表1列出了目前电弧加热技术的某些应用,包括已推广使用的和正在研究发展的项目。     

低维材料及其应用技术教育部重点实验室（湘潭大学）

“低维材料及其应用技术教育部重点实验室”于2003年立项建设,2006年通过教育部验收。实验室以有重大应用背景的结构型、功能型和智能型的低维材料为主要研究对象,注重基础研究与应用研究相结合,宏观与微观相结合,为地方经济建设服务和提升学术地位相结合,对其制备、结构、宏微观性能、跨尺度模拟和实际应用过程中的关键技术进行研究。     

骨陷窝-骨细胞形状和方向对骨单元内液体流动行为的影响

骨组织内的流体流动不仅为骨细胞的生存提供了充足营养供应及代谢物排放途径,也在骨重建过程中起到关键作用. 为了更精确地阐明骨内液体流动的具体形式,这项研究利用骨陷窝-骨细胞的密度,形态和方向等参数来计算骨单元内液体的流动行为. 首先,计算出不同形状和方向的骨陷窝周围骨小管的数量及分布情况,其次利用算出的参数以及骨组织其他微结构数据来估计骨组织的渗透率和孔隙率等参数,最后根据计算所得的参数建立骨单元的多孔弹性力学有限元模型,并分析了在轴向位移载荷作用下骨陷窝形状和方向对骨单元内液体渗流行为的影响. 结果表明,在所研究的参数范围内不同骨单元模型的相同区域上,骨陷窝形状影响下的骨单元最大压力和流速比最小的分别增加了86%和18%;骨陷窝方向影响下的最大压力和流速比最小的分别增加了125%和56%. 伸长形骨陷窝对单个骨单元局部压力的影响远大于扁平形和圆形骨陷窝. 骨陷窝从0°绕$x$轴旋转到90°过程中压力是逐渐降低的,且30°,45°和60°的模型对骨单元内局部流速有显著影响. 该模型表示骨陷窝的形状和方向以及骨小管的三维分布对骨单元内液体压力和流速幅值及沿不同方向的流动差异有显著的影响. 这项研究将有助于精确量化描述骨内液体的流体行为.      

Dissecting the Molecular Basis of the Mechanics of Living Cells

Cells establish and modulate their morphology and mechanics through the use of structural networks whose components range in size from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers. Over the past two decades, an exciting suite of sophisticated micro- and nanoscale technologies has emerged that permits investigators to directly probe structural and functional contributions of these components in living cells. Here we review underlying principles and recent applications of four such approaches: atomic force microscopy, subcellular laser ablation, micropatterning, and microfluidics. Together, these new tools are offering valuable insight into the molecular basis of cell structure and mechanics and revealing the remarkably broad influence of the mechanical microenvironment on many aspects of cell biology.     

航天器动力学与控制的研究进展与展望

开展航天器动力学与控制的研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用, 其目的在于发展有效的方法促使航天器在各阶段平稳可靠地运行. 航天器技术发展迅速, 其形式日趋多样化, 功能与构造日趋复杂,已经向大型空间站、微小卫星、深空探测等方向发展. 航天器结构表现出多耦合、非线性、极端外界环境, 以及大尺度柔性结构等特征, 由此激发起航天器动力学与控制领域各方向的深入研究. 航天器动力学与控制的研究方法覆盖理论分析、数值仿真, 以及实验模拟等诸多方面, 研究内容十分丰富. 本文概括介绍了近年来航天器动力学与控制研究方面的发展状况, 综述了跨航天器动力学与控制、航天器系统级动力学与振动控制、航天器部件级动力学与振动控制等航天领域中的若干基础问题. 内容主要集中于航天领域中不同应用范围、不同层次结构的航天器动力学模型的建立和动力学响应与振动控制的研究方法及已取得的成果. 最后, 提出了该领域中值得进一步考虑的科学问题及未来的发展方向.      

航天柔性结构振动控制的若干新进展

围绕航天柔性结构的振动控制，从结构及材料的数学模型、材料及器件、基本理论与方法和一体化振动控制几个方面对一些研究的最新进展进行了介绍．主动控制和被动控制的一体化技术研究是当今航天柔性结构振动控制研究的重点，两种控制方法的结合不仅优点互补，而且提高了控制系统的性能．控制用材料和器件的研究在工程应用的推动下，也取得了较快的发展，并促进了振动控制技术的实用化     

Rheological properties of lightly crosslinked carboxy copolymers in aqueous solutions

The rheological properties of a series of lightly crosslinked carboxy copolymers in aqueous solutions have been evaluated in steady shear and dynamic oscillatory modes. Viscosity profiles and the behavior of storage modulus are related to the chemical composition of the copolymers and their crosslinking density. A maximum in viscosity and in storage modulus which depends on the type of crosslinking agent used is explained by a combination of a chain entanglement mechanism and a closely-packed spheres model. The recovery of viscosity and storage modulus after shearing is very fast and is related to the very fast rearrangement of the microgel structure as a function of time.     

油气井密封结构的变形与失效行为研究进展

在今后相当长一个时期,石油和天然气依然是人类的主要能源.油气井密封是油气开采中最重要的作业之一,在水平钻井、水力压裂等最新的油气开采技术中发挥着重要的作用,促进了页岩气等非常规油气开采的发展.密封质量会直接影响油气井的安全和生产效率,密封元件的失效可造成严重的环境污染和生命财产损失.因此,深入理解密封元件的失效行为,对于油气井安全评估具有重要意义.水泥和可溶胀高弹体密封是两种最主要的密封方式.水泥密封已有百余年历史,溶胀式高弹体密封则是一种相对较新的密封技术.本文介绍这两种油气井密封结构变形与失效行为的国内外最新研究进展.首先,介绍固井水泥环固化过程中的应力演化、生产作业导致的应力、水泥环的失效模式和失效判据方面的研究进展;然后,介绍溶胀式高弹体封隔器的基本原理、力学理论、测试方法、失效模式及失稳等方面的研究进展.      

Viscoplasticity of agglomerated suspensions

This work is a theoretical study on the effects of agglomeration on the fluidity and plasticity of a suspension of neutrally buoyant particles in a Newtonian fluid. The dynamics of a cluster of permanently attached spherical particles in a simple shear field is analyzed. The viscous and plastic components of the drag force acting on each of the agglomerated particles is then calculated and found to depend on the size of the individual particle unit, its location being relative to the center of the cluster and the material properties of the engulfing fluid. This information in conjunction with the knowledge of the interparticle cohesive forces is used to establish criteria for the agglomerate size reduction during dispersive mixing. From the kinematics of the cluster movement and the forces acting on its particulate components the rate of energy dissipation is calculated and utilized to evaluate the viscosity and yield stress of the suspension. These rheological parameters depend on the volume fraction and architecture of the agglomerate, the number of fused particles per cluster, and the viscosity of the suspending fluid. The analysis is also extended to include the case of polydispersity of agglomerate sizes.     

Modeling Biogeochemical Processes in Leachate-Contaminated Soils: A Review

During subsurface transport, reactive solutes are subject to a variety of hydrological, physical and biochemical processes. The major hydrological and physical processes include advection, diffusion and hydrodynamic dispersion, and key biochemical processes are aqueous complexation, precipitation/dissolution, adsorption/desorption, microbial reactions, and redox transformations. The addition of strongly reduced landfill leachate to an aquifer may lead to the development of different redox environments depending on factors such as the redox capacities and reactivities of the reduced and oxidised compounds in the leachate and the aquifer. The prevailing redox environment is key to understanding the fate of pollutants in the aquifer. The local hydrogeologic conditions such as hydraulic conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and buffering capacity of the soil are also important in assessing the potential for groundwater pollution. Attenuating processes such as bacterial growth and metal precipitation, which alter soil characteristics, must be considered to correctly assess environmental impact. A multicomponent reactive solute transport model coupled to kinetic biodegradation and precipitation/dissolution model, and geochemical equilibrium model can be used to assess the impact of contaminants leaking from landfills on groundwater quality. The fluid flow model can also be coupled to the transport model to simulate the clogging of soils using a relationship between permeability and change in soil porosity. This paper discusses the different biogeochemical processes occurring in leachate-contaminated soils and the modeling of the transport and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants under such conditions.     

Alternating chaos versus synchronized vibrations of interacting plate with beams

We study networks of coupled oscillators governed by ODEs and yielded by physically validated sets of a few PDEs governing dynamics of structural members (plate and beams), chaos and phase synchronization and contact/no-contact non-linear dynamics of structural members coupled via boundary conditions. We have detected, illustrated and discussed a few novel kinds of hybrid states of the studied plate-beam(s) contact/no-contact interactions as well as novel scenarios of transition into chaos exhibited by the interplay of continuous objects. Classical (time histories, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, FFT, Lyapunov exponents) and non-classical (2D Morlet wavelets) approaches are used while monitoring non-linear dynamics of the interacting spatial structural members. Our results include examples from structural mechanics and the studied objects are modelled by validated mechanical hypotheses and assumptions. Novel non-linear phenomena including switching to different vibration regimes and phase chaotic synchronization are illustrated and discussed.     

Particuology and climate change

The global concern over the greenhouse gas emissions and its effect on global warming and climate change has focused attention on the necessity of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. There are many processes proposed to capture carbon either before or after combustion and these processes invariably involve investigation and application of traditional particuology. The solids employed are of different sizes, densities, morphologies, and strengths. Their handling, transportation, recirculation, and reactor applications are the essence of ＇particuology＇. Particuology can play an important and vital role in achieving cost-effective removal of carbon and minimize emissions of greenhouse gases. In this paper, the existing and developing carbon capture processes are briefly reviewed and the opportunities for application of particuology are identified. The review was not intended to be exhaustive. It is only in sufficient detail to make connection between particuology and climate change. For immediate and future challenges of reducing global warming and carbon capture and sequestration, innovative reactor design and application of parricuology is imperative. Expertise and innovation in particuology can greatly enhance the speed of development of those technologies and help to achieve cost-effective implementation. Particuology is indeed intimately related to the climate change and global warming.