关于平面问题分类的再探讨

关于平面问题分类的再探讨张雷顺（郑州工学院，郑州４５０００２）由于平面问题比较简单，所以在弹性力学教材中，对平面问题给出了较多的篇幅，也列举了较多的例题．在工程中，相当多的问题也都近似为平面问题处理．但在认定平面问题和进行平面问题分类方面，作者发现时...     

关于平面问题分类的再探讨

关于平面问题分类的再探讨张雷顺（郑州工学院，郑州４５０００２）由于平面问题比较简单，所以在弹性力学教材中，对平面问题给出了较多的篇幅，也列举了较多的例题．在工程中，相当多的问题也都近似为平面问题处理．但在认定平面问题和进行平面问题分类方面，作者发现时...     

应力约束下薄板结构的拓扑优化

研究了应力约束下薄板结构的拓扑优化问题，分析了极限应力的影响，建立了拓扑优化的数学模型，讨论了若干优化过程中的技术问题，最后，进行了实例计算。     

自适应结构多工况下强度控制的研究

对自适应超静定桁架结构的强度控制问题进行了研究，把模型从单一工况推广到了多工况，实现了理论的完整性，定义了结构工作状态系数， 分析了作动器的联入对结构强度的影响，利用超静定桁架的耦合特性和作动器的调节功能，把强度控制问题转化为数学规划问题，方法简单有效。     

求解位势问题的虚边界元法

本文提出了求解位势问题的虚边界元法，建立了位势问题的虚边界元的离散方程式，推导了离散化求系数的积分解析式。该方法与传统边界元法相比具有不存在奇异积分和边界附近精度较高等优点，可用来计算真空静电场，稳定温度场，流体绕流，介质中的渗流等各类位势问题，大量算例均获得了满意的结果。     

轴心受压钢筋砼方柱截面尺寸的优化设计

本文讨论了轴心受压钢筋砼方柱截面设计的优化问题．建立截面优化的非线性规划数学模型，对约束条件进行适当处理，将约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题，导出一个确定最佳截面的简捷公式，使设计工作摆脱了繁琐的试算，有效地提高了设计效率．     

二次规划的混合能方法及杆系结构弹塑性分析

基于混合能理论构造了二次规划问题求解的新算法，并在杆系弹塑性增量分析中进行了成功的应用。所提出的算法一改传统的对单一规划变量（如位移或应力等）的求解策略，将问题演变成混合变量的形式，在混合空间下对问题进行算法构造，使问题的下一个增量步的求解可以充分利用增量步前的信息，由此极大地提高了算法的求解效率，对杆系弹塑性问题的数值分析充分地证实了这一点。     

弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法

具有有限差分法特征的虚单元法，可视为是有限元法向任意多边形单元的扩展。在材料细观力学性能表征、非均质材料力学分析等非线性问题方面，传统的弹塑性有限元法具有网格数目多、效率低下等不足之处，而虚单元法使网格划分更加灵活，为材料的弹塑性力学分析等非线性问题提供了新的思路。基于增量法弹塑性力学原理和双线性投影算子，建立了弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法求解技术，提出了弹塑性力学问题虚单元法的应力更新方案，研究了弹性力学问题虚单元法的精度和收敛性，讨论了虚单元法求解弹塑性力学问题的网格依赖性。同时，开展了任意多边形和凹多边形单元的数值试验研究，结果表明，虚单元法无须分割多边形，仅需节点自由度便可求得单元刚度矩阵和应力等效荷载，程序实现简单，计算精度高，改善了传统有限元的网格依赖性和塑性区的网格奇异性。     

热传导问题灵敏度分析的伴随法

在热传导灵敏度分析的直接法的研究基础上，进一步探讨了稳态和瞬态热传导问题灵敏度分析的伴随法.推导了伴随法的计算列式，对于瞬态热传导问题，研究了瞬态约束处理的关键点方法，并提出伴随方程的精细积分解法。算例表明，稳态问题灵敏度计算，伴随法与直接法的结果是一致的；瞬态问题灵敏度计算，两种方法的精度相当。     

套管-水泥环-地层应力分布的理论解

利用弹性力学理论研究地应力场中套管-水泥环-地层系统应力分布的理论解，在求解过程中，将原问题分解为两个相对简单的子问题．考虑到套管井系统是层状结构的特点，且各层受力情况具有相似性，进一步地，基于两个弹性力学平面应变基本问题的解，采用结构力学的求解思想，由位移连续条件分别求得了两个子问题的解，最后由叠加原理得到了原问题的理论解．     

On formulas for the Rayleigh wave velocity in pre-stressed compressible solids

In this paper, formulas for the velocity of Rayleigh waves in compressible isotropic solids subject to uniform initial deformations are derived using the theory of cubic equation. They are explicit, have simple algebraic forms, and hold for a general strain energy function. Unlike the previous investigations where the derived formulas for Rayleigh wave velocity are approximate and valid for only small enough values of pre-strains, this paper establishes exact formulas for Rayleigh wave velocity being valid for any range of pre-strains. When the prestresses are absent, the obtained formulas recover the Rayleigh wave velocity formula for compressible elastic solids. Since obtained formulas are explicit, exact and hold for any range of pre-strains, they are good tools for evaluating nondestructively prestresses of structures.     

Green's function of the displacement boundary value problem for a heat source in an infinite plane with an arbitrary shaped rigid inclusion

Summary Green's functions of the displacement boundary value problem are derived within two-dimensional thermoelasticity for a heat source in an infinite plane with an arbitrary shaped rigid inclusion. The following two cases are considered: either rigid-body displacements and rigid-body rotations of the inclusion are allowed or no rigid-body displacements and no rigid-body rotations of the inclusion are possible. To solve these problems, fundamental solutions are developed for a point heat source, for rigid-body rotations of the inclusion, and for concentrated loads acting on the inclusion. Complex stress functions, temperature function, a rational mapping function and the thermal dislocation method are used for the analysis. In analytical examples, distributions of stresses are developed for an infinite plane with a rectangular rigid inclusion. Received 5 August 1998; accepted for publication 1 December 1998     

An eigen theory of static electromagnetic field for anisotropic media

Static electromagnetic fields are studied based on standard spaces of the physical presentation, and the modal equations of static electromagnetic fields for anisotropic media are derived. By introducing a new set of first-order potential functions, several novel theoretical results are obtained. It is found that, for isotropic media, electric or magnetic potentials are scalar; while for anisotropic media, they are vectors. Magnitude and direction of the vector potentials are related to the anisotropic subspaces. Based on these results, we discuss the laws of static electromagnetic fields for anisotropic media.     

Shock waves in diatomic chains—I. linear analysis

Solutions are presented for the response of semi-infinite diatomic chains to a step jump in velocity. Integral transform theory and contour integration are used to express the solutions as definite integrals for the acoustic and optical branch contributions to the response. The contribution of an end mode is indicated for the case of particles that are unequally spaced within a unit cell. Asymptotic approximations are obtained for the contribution of the optical and acoustic branches to the wave solution when the wave propagates far into the lattice. Asymptotic estimates are obtained, also, for the discontinuous speeds at which the head of the pulse travels in a general diatomic chain. Shock profiles for the special case of a simple diatomic chain and for a general diatomic chain are discussed, and upper bounds are obtained for the maximum shock responses that are possible in such chains with the given shock condition.     

Balancing aspects of numerical dissipation,dispersion, and aliasing in time-accurate simulations

The current study looks at the selection of scheme elements that are well-suited for long-time integration of unsteady flows in the absence or under-resolution of physical diffusion. A concerted assembly of numerical components are chosen relative to a target aliasing limit, which is taken as a best-case scenario for overall spectral resolvability. High-order and optimized difference stencils are employed in order to achieve accuracy; meanwhile, quasi skew-symmetric splitting techniques for nonlinear transport terms are used in order to greatly improve robustness. Finally, tunable and scale-discriminant artificial-dissipation methods are incorporated for de-aliasing purposes and as a means of further enhancing both accuracy and stability. Central finite difference methods are considered, and spectral characterizations of the scheme components are presented. Canonical test cases (the isentropic vortex [IV] and Taylor-Green vortex problems) are chosen in order to highlight the benefits associated with the proposed approach for enhancing overall algorithm robustness and accuracy.     

横观各向同性材料轴对称问题基本解

从横观各向同性材料的基本解出发,用积分的方法得到了轴对称问题的基本解,对于材料特征Ｓｉ互不相等的两种可能情形都给出了表达式,因此,可直接退化得到各向同性材料轴对称问题基本解。     

Non-linear in-plane postbuckling of arches with rotational end restraints under uniform radial loading

This paper presents a thorough and comprehensive investigation of non-linear buckling and postbuckling analyses of pin-ended shallow circular arches subjected to a uniform radial load and which have equal elastic rotational end-restraints. The differential equations of equilibrium for non-linear buckling and postbuckling are established based on a virtual work approach. Exact solutions for the non-linear bifurcation, limit point and lowest buckling loads are obtained; in particular, exact solutions for the non-linear postbuckling equilibrium paths are derived. The criteria for switching between fundamental buckling and postbuckling modes are developed in terms of critical values of a geometric parameter for an arch, with exact solutions for these critical values of geometric parameter being obtained. Analytical solutions of non-linear buckling and postbuckling problems for arches with rotational end-restraints are of great interest, since they constitute one of the very few closed-form analyses of buckling and postbuckling behaviour of continuous structural systems. These exact solutions are a contribution to the non-linear structural mechanics of arches, as well as providing useful benchmark solutions for verifying non-linear numerical analyses.     

粘弹性Hopkinson压杆中波的衰减和弥散

研究了线性粘弹性Hopkinson压杆中由于粘性效应和横向惯性效应引起的就力波衰减和弥散。导出计及横向惯性效应的线性粘弹性杆中纵波控制方程和应力解应变解，进而导出表征波衰竭和弥散性质的纵波传播系数的修正公式。这一修正公式计入粘性效应和几何效应，与Bacon公式相比，其形式简单，更便于在实验数据处理中应用。最后利用实验方法测定了有机玻璃杆的传播系数。     

Predicting Noninertial Effects with Linear and Nonlinear Eddy-Viscosity, and Algebraic Stress Models

Three types of turbulence models which account for rotational effects in noninertial frames of reference are evaluated for the case of incompressible, fully developed rotating turbulent channel flow. The different types of models are a Coroiolis-modified eddy-viscosity model, a realizable nonlinear eddy-viscosity model, and an algebraic stress model which accounts for dissipation rate anisotropies. A direct numerical simulation of a rotating channel flow is used for the validation of the turbulence models. This simulation differs from previous studies in that significantly higher rotation numbers are investigated. Flows at these higher rotation numbers are characterized by a relaminarization on the cyclonic or suction side of the channel, and a linear velocity profile on the anticyclonic or pressure side of the channel. The predictive performance of the three types of models are examined in detail, and formulation deficiencies are identified which cause poor predictive performance for some of the models. Criteria are identified which allow for accurate prediction of such flows by algebraic stress models and their corresponding Reynolds stress formulations.