梯形应力脉冲在弹性杆中的传播过程和几何弥散

在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维 Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对 Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用 Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行 Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明 Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型 Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的 Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程.      

梯形应力脉冲在弹性杆中的传播过程和几何弥散

在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程.     

基于SHPB波传播系数法试验的衰减弥散修正研究

针对SHPB试验中的波传播衰减弥散问题,基于杆自由端撞击的波传播系数法试验原理,选取Φ100mm PA66尼龙杆为典型Hopkinson压杆,依据SHPB试验中获取试样应力-应变曲线的二波法,对原位测试试验中从加载试样传来的反射波弥散进行修正研究,获得入射杆反射波传播系数;同理,对透射杆获取透射波传播系数。根据修正后的实际反射波和透射波历程,获得试样的应力-应变曲线。通过比较分析,此方法合理可靠。     

非线性弹性杆中纵波传播过程的数值模拟

基于Hamilton空间体系的多辛理论研究了包含材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应的非线性弹性杆中纵波传播问题。导出了其Bridges意义下的多辛形式及其多种守恒律,并构造了等价于Box多辛格式的隐式多辛格式对不考虑材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应、只考虑材料非线性效应、只考虑几何弥散效应、同时考虑材料非线性效应和几何弥散效应四种情况下不同截面参数的圆杆中的纵波传播过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果不仅全面地反映了非线性效应和几何弥散效应对纵波传播的影响,而且也反映了多辛方法的两大优点:精确的保持多种守恒律和良好的长时间数值行为。     

流体饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中的平面波

研究了流体饱和不可压标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中平面波的传播和反射问题．在固相骨架小变形的假定下,得到了粘弹性多孔介质中波动方程的一般解,讨论了弥散关系和波的衰减特性．结果表明：在流体饱和不可压粘弹性多孔介质中,仅存在一个耦合纵波和一个耦合横波,纵波和横波的波速、衰减率等取决于孔隙流体与固相骨架间的相互作用以及固相骨架本身的粘性．同时,研究了半空间自由边界上入射波(纵波、横波)的反射问题。得到了非均匀反射波的波速、反射系数、衰减率等的表达式及其相关的数值结果．     

粘弹性Timoshenko梁的自由振动

本文利用Kelvin-voigt模型研究了粘弹性梁的横向自由振动.指出对于各向同性的粘弹性体,剪应力与角应变之间的关系应为: 据此导出了考虑剪切变形效应和转动惯量效应的粘弹性梁的运动微分方程,并求得了粘弹性简支梁固有频率的解析解。数值计算表明,对于高阶频率,剪切变形和转动惯量的影响均不可忽视,且剪切变形的影响更为重要。对于低阶频率,粘性的影响可以不加考虑。     

圆杆中弹性应力波的傅立叶弥散分析

基于Ｐｏｃｈｈａｍｍｅｒ和Ｃｈｒｅｅ关于无限长圆杆中纵向谐波的三维弹性解析解，得到了关于圆杆中应力波弥散效应的快速傅立叶波谱分析方法和程序（ＦＦＴＤＳＰ），并利用二维轴对称动力学有限元分析程序（ＡＤＩＮＡ），论证了弥散分析方法和程序的有效性。利用这一弥散分析方法和程序（ＦＦＴＤＳＰ），研究了圆杆的物理和几何参数的变化对弹性波在圆杆中传播的弥散效应的影响。     

圆杆中弹性应力波的傅立叶弥散分析

基于Ｐｏｃｈｈａｍｍｅｒ和Ｃｈｒｅｅ关于无限长圆杆中纵向谐波的三维弹性解析解，得到了关于圆杆中应力波弥散效应的快速傅立叶波谱分析方法和程序（ＦＦＴＤＳＰ），并利用二维轴对称动力学有限元分析程序（ＡＤＩＮＡ），论证了弥散分析方法和程序的有效性。利用这一弥散分析方法和程序（ＦＦＴＤＳＰ），研究了圆杆的物理和几何参数的变化对弹性波在圆杆中传播的弥散效应的影响。     

大直径SHPB弥散效应的二维数值分析

采用轴对称动态有限元HONDO程序对大直径SHPB装置中压杆横向泊松效应引起的应力波弥散进行二维数值分析,并从以下三个方面讨论波形弥散的影响：（1）SHPB装置中压杆直径和杆长对弥散结果（主要是升时）的影响;（2）压杆中的波形弥散对试件应力-应变曲线的影响;（3）弥散对试件应变率的影响。分析表明,在直径SHPB弥散效应对实验结果的影响很大,必须考虑。     

开口薄壁压杆考虑剪滞效应和几何非线性的临界荷载

针对上翼缘和下翼缘, 假设不同的剪力滞翘曲位移函数, 导出了薄壁压杆的能量泛函. 基于最小势能原理, 对开口薄壁压杆考虑剪力滞效应和几何非线性的稳定性进行了分析, 推导了压杆的特征方程, 并求出了简支压杆考虑剪力滞效应的临界荷载以及欧拉公式的修正系数, 讨论了翼缘宽度、厚度和压杆长度以及几何非线性对临界荷载修正系数的影响, 说明了欧拉临界荷载公式的适用条件.     

An experimental method for considering dispersion and attenuation in a viscoelastic Hopkinson bar

An experimental method is developed to perform Hopkinson tests by means of viscoelastic bars by considering the wave propagation attenuation and dispersion due to the material rheological properties and the bar radial inertia (geometric effect). A propagation coefficient, representative of the wave dispersion and attenuation, is evaluated experimentally. Thus, the Pochhammer and Chree frequency equation is not necessary. Any bar cross-section shapes can be employed, and the knowledge of the bar mechanical properties is useless. The propagation coefficients for two PMMA bars with different diameters and for an elastic aluminum alloy bar are evaluated. These coefficients are used to determine the normal forces at the free end of a bar and at the ends of two bars held in contact. As an application, the mechanical impedance of an accelerometer is evaluated. A part of this work has been performed in the Laboratoire Matériaux Endommagement Fiabilité of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers de Bordeaux.     

The effects of blood viscoelasticity on the pulse wave in arteries

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈａｔｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｈａｓｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｓａｗｅｌｌ＿ｋｎｏｗｎｆａｃｔ.ＴｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｂｙＧ .Ｂ .Ｔｈｕｒｓｔｏｎ[1～4]ａｎｄＳ .Ｃｈｉｅｎ[5 ]ｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｐｐｅａｒｓｔｈｅｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｙｂｌｏｏｄｆｌｏｗｓ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｈａｓｑｕｉｔｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｉｎｓｏｍｅ…     

线性黏弹性球面波的特征线分析

基于ZWT黏弹性本构方程建立了体现高应变率效应的黏弹性球面波的控制方程组,包含5个偏微分方程,解5个未知量v、σr、σθ、εr和εθ。采用特征线法,问题转化为解3族特征线上的5个常微分方程,物理上图像清晰,数学上易于求解。特征线数值分析显示,黏弹性球面波的衰减和弥散效应超过线弹性球面波。球面扩散引起的环向拉应力是导致介质拉伸破坏的主因。进一步还针对强间断黏弹性球面波得出其衰减特性的解析表达式,表明这种更强的衰减特性是几何扩散效应和本构黏性效应两者共同作用的后果。     

分数阶粘弹性地基上薄板波动和振动特性分析

本文研究了粘弹性地基上薄板的波动和振动问题．主要讨论了基于分数导数理论的粘弹性地基模型上 薄板弯曲波的传播特性以及固有频率对地基的依赖特性．推导了三种经典粘弹性地基模型的复模量．并利用分 数导数的性质得到分数阶粘弹性地基上 Kirchhoff板中弯曲波的传播速度、衰减系数以及自由振动的复固有频 率．数值算例表明粘弹性地基对弯曲波传播特性存在显著影响,不同粘弹性模型所对应的色散和衰减特性也存 在较大差别．分数阶导数可以实现相邻整数阶导数之间的光滑过渡．利用分数导数的本构关系可以更加真实地 描述粘弹性地基的历史依赖行为,更准确地表现出粘弹性地基板中弯曲波的色散和衰减特性．     

Wave propagation through mangrove forests in the presence of a viscoelastic bed

The influence of viscoelastic ocean beds on the characteristics of surface waves passing through mangrove forests is analyzed under the assumption of linearized water wave theory in two dimensions. The trunks of the mangroves are assumed to be in the upper-layer inviscid fluid domain, whilst the roots are inside the viscoelastic bed. The associated equation of motion is obtained by coupling the Voigt’s model for flow within the viscoelastic medium with the equation of motion in the presence of mangroves. The modified dynamic conditions are coupled with the kinematic conditions to obtain the boundary condition at the free surface and the interface of the two fluids consisting of the upper layer inviscid fluid and the viscoelastic fluid bed. To understand the effects of bed viscosity as well as elasticity on energy dissipation, the complex dispersion relation associated with the plane progressive wave is derived and analyzed. Effect of physical parameters associated with mangroves and viscoelastic bed on wave motion in surface and internal modes are computed and analyzed to understand their roles in attenuating wave effects. The present model will be useful in the better understanding of wave propagation through mangroves in the coastal zone having muddy seabed.     

Waves in a viscoelastic bar surrounded by soils under smooth loading

The results of numerical solution of the nonstationary wave problem of longitudinal wave propagation in the bar-soil system are given. The barmaterial and the soil are assumed to be linearly viscoelastic (standard linear body). A nonlinear interaction condition is satisfied on the bar-soil contact boundary. The laws of propagation of longitudinal waves and variations in the longitudinal stresses in the bar are determined depending on the mechanical characteristics of the soil and the bar and on the interaction parameters.     

A polymeric split Hopkinson pressure bar instrumented with velocity gages

Polymeric split Hopkinson pressure bars are often used to test low-impedance materials at elevated strain rates. However, they tend to be viscoelastic, and a viscoelastic wave propagation model is required to analyze the data. This considerably complicates the analysis over the more common linear elastic split Hopkinson bar. In this research, a polymeric split Hopkinson bar is instrumented with electromagnetic velocity gages. The gages are placed at the interfaces between the bars and the specimen. By using this arrangement, viscoelastic effects in the bars are negligible and the need for a viscoelastic correction is eliminated. The method is applied by testing low-density foams.     

各向异性粘弹性多孔截止中平面波的传播

This study discusses wave propagation in perhaps the most general model of a poroelastic medium. The medium is considered as a viscoelastic, anisotropic and porous solid frame such that its pores of anisotropic permeability are filled with a viscous fluid. The anisotropy considered is of general type, and the attenuating waves in the medium are treated as the inhomogeneous waves. The complex slowness vector is resolved to define the phase velocity, homogeneous attenuation, inhomogeneous attenuation, and angle of attenuation for each of the four attenuating waves in the medium. A non-dimensional parameter measures the deviation of an inhomogeneous wave from its homogeneous version. An numerical model of a North-Sea sandstone is used to analyze the effects of the propagation direction, inhomogeneity parameter, frequency regime, anisotropy symmetry, anelasticity of the frame, and viscosity of the pore-fluid on the propagation characteristics of waves in such a medium.