Lie group integration for constrained generalized Hamiltonian system with dissipation by projection method

For the constrained generalized Hamiltonian system with dissipation, by introducing Lagrange multiplier and using projection technique, the Lie group integration method was presented, which can preserve the inherent structure of dynamic system and the constraintinvariant. Firstly, the constrained generalized Hamiltonian system with dissipative was converted to the non-constraint generalized Hamiltonian system, then Lie group integration algorithm for the non-constraint generalized Hamiltonian system was discussed, finally the projection method for generalized Hamiltonian system with constraint was given. It is found that the constraint invariant is ensured by projection technique, and after introducing Lagrange multiplier the Lie group character of the dynamic system can‘ t be destroyed while projecting to the constraint manifold. The discussion is restricted to the case of holonomic constraint. A presented numerical example shows the effectiveness of the method.     

平面刚体系统的参数预调节保辛算法

保辛积分方法在约束哈密顿系统中有着重要的应用,是因为其在长时间仿真中表现出极好的稳定性。然而随着仿真时长增加,保辛格式通常具有较大的相位误差累积。本文提出了一种平面多刚体系统的参数预调节保辛积分方法。通过推导具有待定参数的改进的拉格朗日方程,并将其与已有保辛格式相结合并预先调节相关参数取值,可以大幅降低数值解的相位误差。理论分析与数值结果表明参数预调节保辛积分方法不仅保持了辛结构,而且具有很低的相位误差累积。因此,参数预调节保辛积分方法可应用于长时间仿真分析。     

基于对偶变量变分原理的完整约束系统保辛算法

基于对偶变量变分原理，选择积分区间两端位移为独立变量，构造了求解完整约束哈密顿动力系统的高阶保辛算法。首先，利用拉格朗日多项式对作用量中的位移、动量及拉格朗日乘子进行近似；然后，对作用量中不包含约束的积分项采用Gauss积分近似，对作用量中包含约束的积分项采用Lobatto积分近似，从而得到近似作用量；最后，在此近似作用量的基础上，利用对偶变量变分原理，将求解完整约束哈密顿动力系统问题转化为一组非线性方程组的求解。算法具有保辛性和高阶收敛性，能够在位移的插值点处高精度地满足完整约束。算法的收敛阶数及数值性质通过数值算例验证。     

多体动力学的几何积分方法研究进展

动力系统的几何积分研究是近20年来工程计算领域非常活跃的方向.多体动力学方程(微分方程, 微分代数方程)是一类典型的动力系统,将其从Lagrange体系向Hamilton系统过渡,目的在于从欧氏几何过渡到辛几何形态, 将对偶变量引入到力学研究中,然后利用辛几何的数学框架对多体系统动力学方程进行数值计算,可以预知多体动力学系统的一些定性信息,并在数值离散时能保持这些定性性质特征,尤其在表示关键的物理意义时需要强调保持这些几何性质.简要介绍多体系统(无约束多刚体系统、完整约束多刚体系统和柔性多体系统)的Hamilton正则方程的建立和几何积分方法的构造,着重介绍了在多体动力学计算中非常有应用前景的高阶辛算法(合成辛算法、分裂合成辛算法和辛精细积分法)、多辛算法,以及广义Hamilton 系统与Lie 群积分方法等计算几何力学方法, 并对Lie群积分的投影方法、流形局部坐标法等方法进行了阐述.      

非完整约束系统几何动力学研究进展:Lagrange理论及其它

近10年来, 非完整力学的发展主要集中在两个相互关联的方向上, 一个是非完整运动规划, 另一个则是非完整约束系统的几何动力学, 这两个研究方向都充分地利用了现代几何学, 如纤维丛理论、辛流形和Poisson流形结构等等.本文主要综述非完整约束系统几何动力学的外附型和内禀型Lagrange理论, 包括非定常力学系统所需要的射丛几何学的基本概念、射丛按约束的直和分解、约束流形上的水平分布、D'Alembert-Lagrange方程与Chaplygin方程的整体描述、以及Riemann-Cartan流形上的非完整力学, 文中对Chetaev条件和d-δ交换关系的几何意义作了深入讨论.除此之外, 简要评述非完整力学的Hamilton理论与赝Poisson结构、Noether对称性和Lie对称性、动量映射与对称约化、Vakonomic动力学等几个非常重要专题的研究进展.      

多体系统接触碰撞问题的牛顿-欧拉线性互补方法

基于非光滑动力学方法的多体系统接触碰撞分析是目前多体系统动力学的研究热点.本文采用牛顿-欧拉方法建立多体系统接触、碰撞问题的动力学模型,给出一种牛顿-欧拉型线性互补公式.该建模方法与目前一般采用的拉格朗日建模方法的不同之处是约束条件中除了库仑摩擦、单边约束之外还含有光滑等式约束.在建立系统动力学模型时,首先解除摩擦约束和单边约束得到原系统对应的基本系统.牛顿-欧拉方法采用最大数目坐标建立基本系统的动力学方程,由于坐标不相互独立,因此基本系统中带有等式约束,其数学模型为一组微分代数方程.借助约束雅可比矩阵,在基本系统微分代数方程中添加摩擦接触和单边约束对应的拉氏乘子,就可以得到系统全局运动的具有变拓扑结构特征的动力学方程,再结合非光滑约束互补条件便可构成完备的系统动力学模型.完备的动力学模型由动力学微分方程以及等式约束和不等式约束组成.线性互补公式采用分块矩阵形式进行推导,简化了推导过程.数值计算采用基于线性互补的时间步进算法.时间步进算法是目前流行的非光滑数值算法,其突出特点是可以免去数值积分中繁琐的事件检测过程,而数值积分过程中通过对线性互补问题的求解可以确定系统的触-离状态.通过对典型的曲柄滑块间隙机构进行数值分析,验证本文方法的有效性.     

哈密顿系统正则变换在时变最优控制中的应用

利用哈密顿系统正则变换和生成函数理论求解线性时变最优控制问题,构造了新的最优控制律形式并提出了控制增益计算的保结构算法. 利用生成函数求解最优控制导出的哈密顿系统两端边值问题,并构造线性时变系统的最优控制律,由第2类生成函数所构造的最优控制律避免了末端时刻出现无穷大反馈增益. 控制系统设计中需求解生成函数满足的时变矩阵微分方程组. 根据生成函数与哈密顿系统状态转移矩阵之间的关系,从正则变换的辛矩阵描述出发,导出了求解这组微分方程组的保结构递推算法.为了保持递推计算中的辛矩阵结构,哈密顿系统状态转移矩阵的计算中利用了Magnus级数.      

多体系统动力学方程违约修正的数值计算方法

多体系统动力学方程为微分代数方程,一般将其转化成常微分方程组进行数值计算,在数值积分的过程中约束方程的违约会逐渐增大.本文对具有完整、定常约束的多体系统,在修改的带乘子Lagrange正则形式的方程的基础上,根据Baumgarte提出的违约修正的方法,给出了一种多体系统微分代数方程违约修正法和系统的动力学方程的矩阵表达式.通过对曲柄-滑块机构的数值仿真,计算结果表明本文给出的方法在计算精度和计算效率上好于Baumgarte提出的两种违约修正的方法.     

可展桁架结构展开过程分析

提出了一种分析构架式结构展开过程的有效算法。基于含多余广义坐标的动力学普遍方程 ,利用约束雅可比矩阵的零空间基引入一组准速率 ,得到独立的展开过程分析的动力学微分方程。为提高展开模拟的数值精度 ,文中提出了一种控制展开过程几何违约、速度违约和能量违约的数值稳定算法。该算法求解效率高 ,能和任意数值积分方法结合使用 ,能分析大型的构架式可展结构的展开过程     

Simulation of spatial multibody systems with friction

A formulation for modeling and simulation of friction effects in spatial multibody systems is presented. Constraint reaction forces on rigid bodies that are connected by joints that support friction are derived as functions of Lagrange multipliers, using D’Alembert’s principle. Friction forces acting on bodies are calculated as a function of joint geometry, constraint reaction forces that are functions of Lagrange multipliers, and relative velocities at constraint contact points that are determined by system kinematics. Friction forces are implemented in index 0 differential-algebraic equations of motion that are solved numerically using explicit and implicit numerical integration methods. Spatial examples are presented, yielding accurate results and demonstrating that the systems are not stiff, even in the presence of friction and stiction.     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of deploying process for space solar power satellite receiver

To reveal some dynamic properties of the deploying process for the solar power satellite via an arbitrarily large phased array (SPS-ALPHA) solar receiver, the symplectic Runge-Kuttamethod is used to simulate the simplified model with the consideration of the Rayleigh damping effect. The system containing the Rayleigh damping can be separated and transformed into the equivalent nondamping system formally to insure the application condition of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method©First, the Lagrange equation with the Rayleigh damping governing the motion of the system is derived via the variational principle. Then, with some reasonable assumptions on the relations among the damping, mass, and stiffness matrices, the Rayleigh damping system is equivalently converted into the nondamping system formally, so that the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can be used to simulate the deploying process for the solar receiver. Finally, some numerical results of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method for the dynamic properties of the solar receiver are reported. The numerical results show that the proposed simplified model is valid for the deploying process for the SPS-ALPHA solar receiver, and the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can preserve the displacement constraints of the system well with excellent long-time numerical stability.     

Numerical solutions of linear quadratic control for time-varying systems via symplectic par conservative perturbation

Optimal control system of state space is a conservative system, whose approximate method should be symplectic conservation. Based on the precise integration method, an algorithm of symplectic conservative perturbation is presented.It gives a uniform way to solve the linear quadratic control (LQ control) problems for linear time-varying systems accurately and efficiently, whose key points are solutions of differential Riccati equation (DRE) with variable coefficients and the state feedback equation.The method is symplectic conservative and has a good numerical stability and high precision. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Numerical solutions of linear quadratic control for time-varying systems via symplectic conservative perturbation

Optimal control system of state space is a conservative system, whose approximate method should be symplectic conservation. Based on the precise integration method, an algorithm of symplectic conservative perturbation is presented. It gives a uniform way to solve the linear quadratic control (LQ control) problems for linear time-varying systems accurately and efficiently, whose key points are solutions of differential Riccati equation (DRE) with variable coefficients and the state feedback equation. The method is symplectic conservative and has a good numerical stability and high precision. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

优化形式的刚体系统动力学模拟

基于广义坐标形式的高斯最小拘束原理来研究刚体系统的动力学问题的优化方法. 相比目前动力学建模普遍采用的质点形式的高斯最小拘束原理,广义坐标形式的高斯最小拘束原理因对所选择的广义坐标没有要求,而使得建模过程更简单及具有更强的通用性. 本文分别建立了有约束和无约束条件下问题的优化动力学模型,对问题进行了动力学数值模拟,并与用拉格朗日微分方程处理的模型进行了对比分析,从而验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于对偶变量变分原理和两端位移独立变量的保辛方法

将广义位移和动量同时用拉格朗日多项式近似,并选择积分区间两端位移为独立变量,然后基于对偶变量变分原理导出了哈密顿系统的离散正则变换和对应的数值积分保辛算法。当位移和动量的拉格朗日多项式近似阶数满足一定条件时,可以自然导出保辛算法的不动点格式。通过数值算例分析了位移和动量采用不同阶次插值所需最少Gauss积分点个数,并讨论了位移插值阶数、动量插值阶数以及Gauss积分点个数对保辛算法精度的影响,说明了上述不动点格式恰好是一种最优格式。     

Structure-preserving properties of three differential schemes for oscillator system

A numerical method for the Hamiltonian system is required to preserve some structure-preserving properties. The current structure-preserving method satisfies the requirements that a symplectic method can preserve the symplectic structure of a finite dimension Hamiltonian system, and a multi-symplectic method can preserve the multi-symplectic structure of an infinite dimension Hamiltonian system. In this paper,the structure-preserving properties of three differential schemes for an oscillator system are investigated in detail. Both the theoretical results and the numerical results show that the results obtained by the standard forward Euler scheme lost all the three geometric properties of the oscillator system, i.e., periodicity, boundedness, and total energy,the symplectic scheme can preserve the first two geometric properties of the oscillator system, and the St¨ormer-Verlet scheme can preserve the three geometric properties of the oscillator system well. In addition, the relative errors for the Hamiltonian function of the symplectic scheme increase with the increase in the step length, suggesting that the symplectic scheme possesses good structure-preserving properties only if the step length is small enough.     

High order symplectic conservative perturbation method for time-varying Hamiltonian system

This paper presents a high order symplectic conservative perturbation method for linear time-varying Hamiltonian system.Firstly,the dynamic equation of Hamiltonian system is gradually changed into a high order perturbation equation,which is solved approximately by resolving the Hamiltonian coefficient matrix into a "major component" and a "high order small quantity" and using perturbation transformation technique,then the solution to the original equation of Hamiltonian system is determined through a series of inverse transform.Because the transfer matrix determined by the method in this paper is the product of a series of exponential matrixes,the transfer matrix is a symplectic matrix;furthermore,the exponential matrices can be calculated accurately by the precise time integration method,so the method presented in this paper has fine accuracy,efficiency and stability.The examples show that the proposed method can also give good results even though a large time step is selected,and with the increase of the perturbation order,the perturbation solutions tend to exact solutions rapidly.     

空间刚性杆——弹簧组合结构轨道、姿态耦合动力学分析

以空间太阳帆塔在轨运行中遇到的强耦合动力学问题为研究背景,建立了空间刚性杆-- 弹簧组合结构轨道与姿态耦合 问题的动力学模型,采用辛 (几何) 算法研究了其轨道与姿态耦合的动力学行为,研究结果可以从系统的能量保持情况间接得到验 证. 首先,基于变分原理,通过引入对偶变量将描述空间刚性杆-- 弹簧组合结构动力学行为的拉格朗日方程导入哈 密尔顿体系,建立简化模型的正则控制方程;随后,采用辛龙格库塔方法模拟分析了地球非球摄动对轨道、姿态的影响及系统能 量的数值偏差问题. 数值模拟结果显示:随着初始姿态角速度增大,轨道半径的扰动 增大,轨道与姿态之间的耦合效应加剧; 带谐摄动对空间刚性杆-- 弹簧组合结构模型的轨道、姿态产生的影响比田谐摄动要高出至少两个数量级;同时辛龙格库塔方法能更好 地快速模拟地球非球摄动影响下空间刚性杆-- 弹簧组合结构的动力学行为,并能够长时间保持系统的总能量,有望为 超大空间结构实时反馈控制提供实时动力学响应结果.      

Hamilton体系下介电弹性体圆形薄膜的动力学建模与辛求解

采用辛算法研究了Hamilton体系下介电弹性体圆形薄膜的动力学响应。首先，将该问题引入Hamilton对偶变量体系，借助Legendre变换，给出系统的广义动量和Hamilton函数，通过对Hamilton函数作用量的变分，得到Hamilton体系下的正则方程。其次，对于得到的正则方程给出了辛Runge-Kutta的计算格式。最后，采用二级四阶辛Runge-Kutta算法对动力学系统进行了数值求解，和四级四阶经典Runge-Kutta算法进行对比，结果表明，二级四阶辛Runge-Kutta算法具有保能量以及长时间数值稳定的优势，同时说明四级四阶经典Runge-Kutta算法对于步长依赖的局限性。