基于修正的局部应力应变法估算连接件疲劳寿命

飞机机体结构疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展几乎都发生在紧固件连接处,预测结构连接件的疲劳寿命具有重要意义.为了准确计算连接件疲劳寿命,提出了一种修正的局部应力应变法,该方法首先采用应力严重系数法和修正Neuber法分析连接件高应力区的应力、应变,然后利用Manson-Coffin方程计算疲劳寿命,此外考虑到在中、高周疲劳里表面加工和尺寸因素的影响是不能忽略的,对应变-寿命曲线的弹性段作了修正以使其同时适用于高、低周疲劳寿命的估算.以搭接件为算例进行疲劳寿命计算,并使用MTS Landmark试验机对搭接件进行疲劳试验.结果表明,采用此方法估算的连接件疲劳寿命与试验结果相比误差小于16％,证明了此方法的有效性.     

基于加权应变因子的叶片振动疲劳寿命预测

通过循环应力-应变方程和应变-寿命方程推导了可预测材料高、低周疲劳寿命的非线性疲劳损伤累积模型。模型中引入弹性、塑性加权应变因子对疲劳延性指数和疲劳强度指数进行修正,以考虑疲劳过程中弹塑性应变共同作用对疲劳损伤累积速率的影响。以某型航空发动机压气机叶片为研究对象,利用所建立的模型预测其疲劳寿命,并与试验结果、Basquin方程、改进的Basquin方程的预测结果进行对比分析。结果发现:在低应力水平(≤700MPa)下,三种预测模型给出的高周疲劳寿命误差小于30%;但是当应力水平达到770MPa时,所建立模型的预测精度比Basquin方程和改进的Basquin方程分别提高89.14%和22.73%。     

一种基于耗散能计算的高周疲劳参数预测方法

在热力学框架下,基于薄板假设,建立金属材料薄板试样在高周疲劳载荷作用下的热传导方程,将试样温度场数据和实时载荷信号导入,准确计算与高周疲劳损伤相关的单个循环内耗散能. 基于该方法,以316L不锈钢材料为例,通过实时监测试样不同应力水平下高周疲劳破坏全过程中耗散能的变化,拟合出耗散能-疲劳寿命曲线,呈现与传统的应力-疲劳寿命曲线相同的规律;提出一种新的预测高周疲劳极限的能量法,确定的疲劳极限与实验值相近.     

各向异性损伤力学在螺纹疲劳寿命预估中的应用

引用损伤力学方法研究金属构件疲劳问题。在微结构力学模型基础上建立轴对称的各向异性疲劳损伤本构关系,通过有限元-附加力解法编制考虑各向异性损伤的有限元程序。应用引入门槛条件的损伤演化方程,并以损伤划分步长预估了构件疲劳裂纹形成与扩展寿命。用这一方法预估30CrMnSiNi2Aφ5和φ8螺栓全寿命。结果表明,理论S-N曲线与试验S-N曲线吻合良好并且门槛条件对修正低应力下疲劳寿命有很好的效果。本方法所需机时较少,可用于工程实际构件的高周疲劳寿命预估及抗疲劳优化设计。     

轴对称构件疲劳损伤演化方程与寿命预估方法的改进

以热力学为基础,引入损伤驱动力构建分式形式的损伤演化方程.进一步针对轴对称问题,引入等效应变和等效应力.根据损伤力学守恒积分原理,得到有损伤情况下和无损伤情况下应力应变与伤度的关系.利用分离变量方法再对损伤演化方程积分,得到棒试件在恒幅应变交变载荷作用下的应力与寿命关系的级数表达式.损伤演化方程中的材质参数由KT=1与KT=3的标准轴对称试件中值疲劳试验数据确定.损伤演化方程与寿命预估方法的正确性由KT=5的疲劳试验结果验证.利用级数解法对扩口管路连接件进行了寿命预估,提供了一种用损伤力学方法来描述构件的疲劳寿命可行的方法.     

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为降低用来确定疲劳极限的升降法试验的工作量，以热力学为基础，引入损伤驱动力，构建 损伤演化方程. 积分此方程得到疲劳寿命与应力或应变的理论关系. 对光滑试件，根据成组 法疲劳试验结果利用最小二乘法拟合包括疲劳极限在内的材质参数. 利用损伤力学方法求得 高应力区的疲劳寿命曲线，由此递推得到低应力区寿命值和疲劳极限. 所得理论疲劳极限值 与升降法疲劳试验结果十分吻合. 节约了疲劳试验的机时、费用与人力.     

高周疲劳损伤的演化和Lognormal性统计的统一理论

建立了高周疲劳损伤的演化和Ｌｏｇｎｏｒｍａｌ性统计的统一理论，给出了循环次数变量和损伤变量的联合概率密度的Ｆｏｃｋ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程，获得了该方程系数的高阶修正表示，解得了该方程的解析解，讨论了不同条件下概率密度的分布性质，得到其损伤值取失效临界值时寿命的分布满足Ｌｏｇｎｏｒｍａｌ性分布，所有结论与实验相符     

一个修正的金属材料低周疲劳损伤模型

疲劳破坏是金属最常见的失效形式之一。基于连续损伤力学理论和能量原理,本文提出了一个修正的金属材料低周疲劳损伤演化方程,该方程综合考虑了材料的塑性强化、微裂纹闭合效应等因素对损伤累积的影响。将修正后的损伤演化方程以UMAT子程序的形式导入有限元计算软件ABAQUS之中,建立了疲劳损伤的计算模型,并以铝合金7050-T7451为例对该模型的有效性和适用性进行了验证。     

耦合蠕变损伤的Chaboche粘塑性模型的研究

Chaboche粘塑性统一本构模型由于没有包含损伤变量,在应力恒定时只能得到不变的塑性应变速率,因此不能描述蠕变第三阶段的加速过程.该文按照Lemaitre有效应力的概念,采用Kachanov损伤演化方程,推导了耦合损伤的Chaboche粘塑性流动方程和硬化方程,并链接到有限元软件ANSYS中,将之用于高温合金钢P91的蠕变寿命计算,结果表明耦合损伤模型的模拟值与实验数据基本吻合;为该模型描述蠕变损伤和疲劳交互作用奠定了基础.     

某型航空发动机压气机叶片振动疲劳寿命研究

以某型航空发动机压气机叶片为研究对象,在室温条件下进行了一阶弯曲振动疲劳试验,确定了叶片1×107循环基数下的振动疲劳极限.疲劳寿命分析表明在低振动应力下,Basquin方程可以很好地预测叶片的振动疲劳寿命.但在较高振动应力下,Basquin方程预测叶片的疲劳寿命偏于危险,原因在于Basquin方程不能反映塑性滑移对疲劳损伤的影响.为解决这一问题,引入了一个新的应变比因子对Basquin方程进行了修正.对于较高振动应力770MPa和740MPa下叶片的振动疲劳寿命而言,修正后的方程寿命预测误差分别为78.7%和38.5%.与原始Basquin方程相比,修正后的方程寿命预测精度分别提高了66.0%和19.2%.     

Revised damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue life prediction of aluminum alloy LC4 under uniaxial loading

The fatigue life prediction for components is a difficult task since many factors can affect the final fatigue life. Based on the damage evolution equation of Lemaitre and Desmorat, a revised two-scale damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue is presented according to the experimental data, in which factors such as the stress amplitude and mean stress are taken into account. Then, a method is proposed to obtain the material parameters of the revised equation from the present fatigue experimental data. Finally, with the utilization of the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) on the ANSYS platform, the coupling effect between the fatigue damage of materials and the stress distribution in structures is taken into account, and the fatigue life of specimens is predicted. The outcome shows that the numerical prediction is in accord with the experimental results, indicating that the revised two-scale damage evolution model can be well applied for the high cycle fatigue life prediction under uniaxial loading.     

Effect of low cycle fatigue pre-damage on very high cycle fatigue

Carbon-manganese steel is often applied in components of pipes in nuclear plant. Ultrasonic fatigue tests following low cycle fatigue (LCF) cycles damaged are used to study the strength of very high cycle fatigure (VHCF). The comparison of test results of simple VHCF and cumulative fatigue (LCF plus VHCF) shows that LCF load influences the following VHCF strength. Continuum damage mechanics model is extended to VHCF region. The effect of LCF load on VHCF is studied by an improved cumulative damage model.     

沥青混合料的粘弹性疲劳损伤模型研究

从沥青混合料的黏弹性本构模型出发，按应变等效假设 将损伤引进本构模型，推导周期应力条件下含损伤的耗散能表达式，进而得到黏弹性损伤演 化方程和疲劳方程；该模型可以综合反映应力、加载频率和温度的影响，适合用来分析沥青 路面的疲劳损伤问题；利用MTS开展了沥青混合料的疲劳损伤试验，确定了相应的黏弹性疲 劳损伤模型参数，据此开展了模型验证，结果表明模型与实测值之间相关性很好.     

金属材料的非线性疲劳累积损伤模型及强度衰减分析

用连续介质损伤力学的方法推导得到了一个非线性的损伤发展方程，该方程计及了加载过程应力与损伤的完全耦合效应；又由损伤发展方程得到了一个计及加载循环周内和循环周间损伤积累非线性效应的完全非线性疲劳累积损伤模型，已有的部分非线性疲劳累积损伤模型成为它的特例。由损伤发展方程确定了材料剩余强度随损伤发展的衰减规律和临界损伤值。     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

现代工业的发展使得更多的构件承受着复杂的载荷形式, 将单轴疲劳模型应用到多轴载荷情况已不能满足现代工业的设计要求, 多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命计算日益引起人们的重视. 多轴随机载荷的寿命预测中, 如何计算载荷循环次数是其基础,目前广泛使用的是雨流计数方法, 现在已能成功的应用于多轴载荷的情况. 累积的疲劳损伤分析在各种构件和结构的载荷历史中都起着重要的作用. 自从线性损伤律提出以来已发展了数十种损伤律, 变幅载荷引起的疲劳损伤可以由许多不同的累积损伤律来计算, 虽然发展了许多损伤模型, 由于问题的复杂性, 每个模型的应用范围也是随具体情况而定. 线性损伤律方法尽管有很多不足之处, 但在设计使用中仍占有重要的位置. 两载荷水平及模式下的损伤累积以及损伤与物理机制的关系在本文中也做了介绍. 针对近年来提出的描述多轴随机载荷下疲劳寿命估算方法进行了详细的评述, 对各模型的应用范围和预测能力进行了讨论, 并对今后的工作提出了建议.      

Determination of effective stress range and its application on fatigue stress assessment of existing bridges

This paper presents a unified approach on determination of the effective stress range based on equivalent law of strain energy and fatigue damage model, so as to provide an efficient approach for accurately assessing effective fatigue stress of existing bridge under traffic loading. A new theoretical framework to relate variable- and constant-amplitude fatigue is proposed in this paper. Different formulation for calculating effective stress range can be derived by the proposed theory, which include the effective stress range by the root mean square, by Miner's law and a new effective stress range based on the nonlinear fatigue damage model. Comparison of the theoretical results of fatigue damage under the effective stress range of the variable-amplitude stress spectrum and experimental data of fatigue damage under realistic traffic loading has confirmed the validity of the proposed theory. As a way to relate variable-amplitude fatigue data with constant-amplitude data, the effective stress range provides the most convenient way for evaluating fatigue damage under variable-amplitude loading. The proposed theory is then applied to provide an efficient approach for accurately assessing fatigue damage of existing bridges under traffic loading, in which online strain history data measured from bridge structural health monitoring system is available. The proposed approach is applied to evaluate the effective stress range for the purpose of the fatigue analysis of a deck section of a long-span steel bridge––the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong.     

基于韧性耗散模型的损伤定量分析方法

材料的静力韧性便于工程测量,对疲劳损伤较其它宏观损伤变量更敏感。本文以材料静力韧性为宏观损伤变量,依据疲劳过程中金属材料韧性随疲劳循环加载而变化的实验结果的规律分析,得到了应力和循环数表达的损伤演化方程和损伤累积模型。该模型能较好地反映加载顺序的影响。推导出该疲劳损伤累积模型在多级加载下的递推公式。经四种金属材料疲劳试验数据验证结果表明,该模型预测疲劳寿命是较为满意的。由于疲劳试验数据分散性大,结果有待进一步验证。     

New approach based on continuum damage mechanics with simple parameter identification to fretting fatigue life prediction

A new continuum damage mechanics model for fretting fatigue life prediction is established. In this model, the damage evolution rate is described by two kinds of quantities. One is associated with the cyclic stress characteristics obtained by the finite element(FE) analysis, and the other is associated with the material fatigue property identified from the fatigue test data of standard specimens. The wear is modeled by the energy wear law to simulate the contact geometry evolution. A two-dimensional(2D) plane strain FE implementation of the damage mechanics model and the energy wear model is presented in the platform of ABAQUS to simulate the evolutions of the fatigue damage and the wear scar. The effect of the specimen thickness is also investigated. The predicted results of the crack initiation site and the fretting fatigue life agree well with available experimental data. Comparisons are made with the critical plane SmithWatson-Topper(SWT) method.     

A stochastic theory of cumulative fatigue damage

A stochastic theory for the cumulative fatigue damage of structural components with random fatigue strength under random loading is proposed on the basis of Stratonovich-Khasminskii theorem. The analytical solutions for the probability densities of the cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue life and for the reliability function are given for steel and reinforced concrete components with constant fatigue strength subject to a narrow band stationary Gaussian stress process with zero mean. The results agree very well with those of digital simulation. It is noted that the theory can be applied, in principle, to both metallic and non-metallic materials, narrow band and wide band stress process, and adapted to a sequence ofn, stationary stress processes or quasi-stationary stress process. The scatter and degradation of fatigue strength and the inspection maintenance can also be incorporated into the theory.