三维沥青路面多层体系的黏弹性力学分析

基于改进的无单元Galerkin方法(Improved Element-Free Galerkin,简称IEFG),建立了三维沥青路面多层体系的黏弹性力学模型。对交通荷载作用下沥青混凝土路面的位移及应力进行了计算,分析了不同的节点数及影响域比例参数对计算结果的影响,得到了沥青路面多层体系计算模型的合适节点数目和影响域比例参数的选择范围。同时,分析了中面层厚度对路面抗车辙性能的影响。结果表明:改进的无单元Galerkin方法在分析沥青路面黏弹性方面是有效的;节点数在1800以上、影响域比例参数在1.8～1.9之间取值时计算结果较好;中面层厚度越小,沥青路面车辙变形越大。本文结果可为沥青路面设计提供参考。     

Pasternak地基中Levinson梁的静力响应与动力特性

由于Levinson梁模型较Timoshenko梁模型能更合理地描述地基梁的剪切变形及地基梁-基础界面的切应力连续条件,本文采用Levinson高阶理论描述地基梁,以Pasternak地基模型刻画地基梁-基础的相互作用,建立了Pasternak地基上Levinson梁的动力控制微分方程和对应的有限元方程.对比基于Levinson高阶梁理论、Timoshenko梁理论、平面应力假定及厚板理论的地基梁模型的分析结果,本文数值验证了新提出理论的合理性,分析了Pasternak地基参数对形心轴向变形的影响.数值结果表明:提出的地基梁模型较Timoshenko模型在结构变形、静力学行为和动力学特性方面均有较大的改进,此外,研究发现忽略地基梁形心轴向位移是不合理的.     

方口径电磁轨道发射装置参数选择对系统动态响应的影响

将方口径电磁轨道发射装置的导轨及壁板在发射状态下的力学分析简化为在集中荷载和均布荷载同步作用下双层弹性地基梁的动力响应问题,在建立双层弹性基础梁的动力学平衡方程的基础上,依据边界约束条件设定振动模态,得到了导轨（上梁）和壁板（下梁）的动位移和动应力的解析解,并通过算例分析了不同的结构参数、材料参数及运动参数对导轨和壁板动态响应的影响。结果表明：导轨宽度及厚度、壁板厚度、上下梁之间支撑的弹性常数、发射速度的变化对系统动态响应的影响较大;导轨和壁板的弹性模量、壁板宽度、导轨和壁板的密度、下梁与地基间的弹性常数的变化所带来的影响较小。研究结果可为方口径电磁发射装置的动特性分析和结构设计提供依据。     

考虑水平摩阻力与竖桩支撑的弹性地基梁

考虑水平摩阻力,建立了任意对称荷载和具有竖桩支撑的有限长弹性地基梁的平衡微分方程.进行了合理的位移形函数假设,利用Galerkin方法建立了非线性代数方程组并采用迭代法进行求解,得到了具有竖桩支撑弹性地基梁的位移和内力解.通过实例计算可知,水平摩阻力对弹性地基梁的挠度和剪力影响很小,而对弯矩和轴力影响很大;竖桩支撑可以很大程度地改变弹性地基梁的变形和受力状态,合理地布置竖桩可以大大地减小弹性地基梁的挠度和弯矩.     

移动荷载下路面板-层状多相弹性地基的稳态响应

考虑路面板和地基的相互作用,将路面板作为三维弹性体,建立路面板-层状多相弹性地基动力响应的三维多相层状弹性半空间体模型,分析了移动荷载作用下路面板-多相弹性地基系统的动力响应.将移动单元法引入到两相饱和弹性介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下两相饱和弹性介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了两相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,该方程可退化为单相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,基于此,建立了移动荷载下多相弹性地基与路面板系统的三维动态响应的统一的半解析方程.并以两相饱和弹性半空间地基-单相弹性地基-路面板所形成的路面结构为例,数值分析了荷载速度、饱和层渗透系数、弹性层厚度等参数对路面板位移和土体孔压响应的影响.研究结果表明移动单元法是研究移动荷载下路面结构动态响应的一种有效的方法.     

非线性弹性大变形材料梁的抗爆特性

从理论上探讨了非线性弹性大变形材料应用于抗爆结构的可行性,为此,基于等效结构体系的分析原理,将两端固定铰支梁的横向和纵向位移表示为三角级数形式,应用第二类Lagrange方程建立了非线性大变形材料梁的非线性分析方法,并且用ABAQUS有限元软件中的超弹性材料模型验证了所提出的方法的有效性。对典型的爆炸荷载作用下非线性弹性大变形材料梁的抗爆特性进行了分析,讨论了动力放大系数和材料性质及动荷载之间的关系。结果表明:与线弹性小变形材料相比,非线性弹性大变形材料具有优良的抗爆特性,结构的抗爆能力随结构变形的增大而显著提高。     

基于修正压力场理论的再生混凝土梁抗剪承载力计算方法研究

基于修正压力场理论分析有腹筋再生混凝土梁的剪切破坏机理,建立了更接近有腹筋再生混凝土梁实际受力的抗剪模型,并通过考虑再生骨料有效粒径和受箍筋作用下的裂缝宽度与构件裂缝处应力的联系,分析了再生骨料咬合力对梁斜截面抗剪性能的影响,提出了再生混凝土梁极限抗剪承载力的计算方法。此外,本文将理论结果与课题组自制的6根再生混凝土梁的抗剪承载力试验结果进行了对比,理论值与试验值吻合较好,验证了本文方法的有效性,从而为设计人员提供了一种预测再生混凝土梁极限抗剪承载力的计算方法。     

混凝土率型内时损伤本构模型

混凝土是一种典型的率敏感材料,为了更好地描述混凝土结构在动力、冲击荷载作用下的强度和变形特征,本文结合内时理论和损伤理论建立了一种考虑混凝土率效应的内时损伤本构模型。该模型的特点:将混凝土材料的受力软化效应分解为密实状态的塑性效应和由微裂缝扩展引起的刚度退化效应。前者由内时理论来描述,这使该模型摆脱了一般弹塑性模型中屈服面的概念,从而更符合混凝土的变形特性,并且简化了非线性计算过程;后者由损伤理论来描述,根据混凝土的动力试验结果建立了增量型的损伤演变方程,从而使该模型能够较好地反映混凝土的动力特性。最后,应用本文建议的模型对一钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了非线性分析,结果表明:当结构承受快速荷载作用时,应变率对结构的受力性能影响较大,在进行结构分析时必须予以考虑。     

热沥青混合料摊铺后基层温度应力瞬态分析

根据传热学原理,利用有限元方法对沥青混合料摊铺后的路面结构瞬态温度场进行数值模拟.在瞬态温度场分析过程中,不仅考虑了热沥青混合料面层对下承层结构的热传导作用,而且也考虑了面层表面与外界环境的热交换,包括:太阳辐射、空气对流换热和路表辐射换热等.将各不同时刻的路面结构温度场作为荷载施加到结构上,计算出半刚性基层结构的瞬态温度应力场.计算结果表明:热沥青混合料摊铺引起的基层最大温度应力明显小于基层的极限强度,不会造成基层的破坏.     

连续配筋混凝土路面温度应力的弹性解

视连续配筋混凝土路面为复合材料,利用复合材料力学等理论推导了配筋板的自生温度应力;建立了受温度作用时路面板的平衡微分方程组,将地基反力和板与地基间的摩擦力函数按照切比雪夫多项式展开,得到配筋板的约束变形与应力。通过和有关文献的比较表明了本文方法的合理性。     

Large deflection of a non-linear,elastic, asymmetric Ludwick cantilever beam subjected to horizontal force,vertical force and bending torque at the free end

The investigated cantilever beam is characterized by a constant rectangular cross-section and is subjected to a concentrated constant vertical load, to a concentrated constant horizontal load and to a concentrated constant bending torque at the free end. The same beam is made by an elastic non-linear asymmetric Ludwick type material with different behavior in tension and compression. Namely the constitutive law of the proposed material is characterized by two different elastic moduli and two different strain exponential coefficients. The aim of this study is to describe the deformation of the beam neutral surface and particularly the horizontal and vertical displacements of the free end cross-section. The analysis of large deflection is based on the Euler–Bernoulli bending beam theory, for which cross-sections, after the deformation, remain plain and perpendicular to the neutral surface; furthermore their shape and area do not change. On the stress viewpoint, the shear stress effect and the axial force effect are considered negligible in comparison with the bending effect. The mechanical model deduced from the identified hypotheses includes two kind of non-linearity: the first due to the material and the latter due to large deformations. The mathematical problem associated with the mechanical model, i.e. to compute the bending deformations, consists in solving a non-linear algebraic system and a non-liner second order ordinary differential equation. Thus a numerical algorithm is developed and some examples of specific results are shown in this paper.     

冲击荷载作用下滤波混凝土的动态响应与层裂损伤数值研究

借鉴局域共振材料的工作机制，通过在混凝土基体中嵌入滤波单元，设计出具有应力波衰减特性的滤波混凝土。通过将滤波混凝土结构简化为质量弹簧力学系统来分析滤波混凝土对应力波的衰减机制。采用数值模拟方法，对比研究了冲击荷载作用下普通混凝土模型和滤波混凝土模型中应力波的传播特性和层裂破坏模式。通过参数分析，研究了滤波单元的材料和几何属性对其储能效果的影响。研究结果表明：滤波单元有效降低了混凝土基体中应力波的传播速度和应力峰值；滤波单元的储能机制有效降低了混凝土基体中的能量；金属球的质量越大，滤波单元的储能效果越好，但弹性层的弹性模量和厚度需要通过适当分析进行设计以实现滤波单元的储能最大化；滤波混凝土基体的局部损伤耗散了荷载中的大量能量，有效降低了结构自由面附近的破坏程度。     

碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的解析分析

根据弹性理论和部分组合截面假定，分析碳纤维布加固混凝土梁体系，建立单位长度粘结界面剪力表达式和碳纤维布轴向拉力微分方程，从而推导出碳纤维布拉力、混凝土梁正截面弯矩和粘结界面剪应力解析解的一般形式，满足实际应用．结合算例指出：碳纤维布轴向拉力和粘结界面剪应力分布不均匀，在端部区段应力集中，可能导致加固失效，应采取措施加强锚固．     

Failure criterion for reinforced concrete beams and plates subjected to membrane force,bending and shear

In this paper, a failure criterion for reinforced concrete plates is derived through the kinematic method in the framework of the limit analysis theory. This criterion is expressed in terms of the stress resultant variables: membrane force, shear force and bending moment at once. The aim of the authors is to be able to predict the failure of reinforced concrete plate structures in statics or in slow dynamics using directly the internal forces (membrane and shear forces and moment) resulting from a finite-element computation.In a first step, a beam criterion is derived. The closed form expression of the criterion shows that it is made up of two parts, one independent of the moment (i.e. depending only on the normal force and the shear force) and one depending on the normal force, the shear force and the bending moment. This structure of the criterion allows to determine two failure modes: shear failure and bending failure.Then in a second step, the beam criterion is extended to the case of reinforced concrete plates. The obtained criterion is partly numerical and partly a close form expression. It gives an upper bound of the load, and when this limit load is reached, the criterion is able to supply, on one hand, the failure mode (as seen in the beam case) and, on the other hand, the angles of the failure plane in the reinforced concrete plate section.Thirdly, the criterion is implemented in the finite element software Europlexus and validated with respect to punching experimental tests. We show that the criterion must be used with an effectiveness factor applied on the concrete compressive strength.     

层状横观各向同性地基上异性矩形薄板的弯曲解析解

选用更具广泛性的层状横观各向同性弹性地基模型,来分析四边自由各向异性矩形地基板的弯曲解析解。先基于直角坐标下横观各向同性体的静力胡海昌通解,借助双重傅里叶变换及矩阵传递法,获得层状横观各向同性地基的静力位移场和应力场;然后将异性薄板的弯曲控制方程,与基于层状横观各向同性弹性地基的位移解建立的板与地基变形协调方程相结合,先按对称性分解,再用三角级数法,得出层状横观各向同性弹性地基上四边自由各向异性矩形薄板的弯曲解析解,包括地基反力、板的挠度及板的内力的解析表达式。克服了数值法的弊端,取消了对地基反力的假设,且避免了矩阵指数函数的计算;同时考虑了地基的层状性及板和地基的各向异性,从而得到板的内力及地基反力更切实际的分布规律。算例结果与文献的有限元结果吻合良好,证明本文方法是切实可行的。     

Deformation analysis of infinite-strip bearings of laminated elastic material interleaving with tension-only reinforcements

Bonding with fiber reinforcements can increase the stiffness of elastic layers only when the elastic layer is compressed. Fiber loses its rigidity when it is not stretched. The procedure to include this ‘tension-only’ nonlinearity in the deformation analysis of the fiber-reinforced bearing is developed. In the elastic layers bonded with tension-only reinforcements, the responses to the compression force and the bending moment are coupled unless the reinforcements are entirely in tension. The coupled relation, which is not linear, depends on the length of the tension zone in the reinforcement. Increasing the compression force on the bearings will extend the tension zone in the reinforcements and enhance the stiffness of the bearing, but the compression force may add more bending moment to the bearings and increase the lateral deformation. The vertical buckling load of the bearings with tension-only reinforcements varies with the lateral force and is smaller than the buckling load of the bearings with linear reinforcements.     

LOCAL BENDING OF THIN FILM ON VISCOUS LAYER

Effects of deposition layer position film are systematically investigated. Because the and number/density on local bending of a thin deposition layer interacts with the thin film at the interface and there is an offset between the thin film neutral surface and the interface, the deposition layer generates not only axial stress but also bending moment. The bending moment induces an instant out-of-plane deflection of the thin film, which may or may not cause the socalled local bending. The deposition layer is modeled as a local stressor, whose location and density are demonstrated to be vital to the occurrence of local bending. The thin film rests on a viscous layer, which is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation and behaves like an elastic foundation to exert transverse forces on the thin film. The unknown feature of the axial constraint force makes the governing equation highly nonlinear even for the small deflection chse. The constraint force and film transverse deflection are solved iteratively through the governing equation and the displacement constraint equation of immovable edges. This research shows that in some special cases, the deposition density increase does not necessarily reduce the local bending. By comparing the thin film deflections of different deposition numbers and positions, we also present the guideline of strengthening or suppressing the local bending.     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程．根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段．给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式．研究结果表明：在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同．     

Buckling load of seismic isolators affected by flexibility of reinforcement

Using the thinner steel reinforcing plates in the elastomeric multilayer isolators could reduce the weight of the isolators but would have a large effect on the buckling load of an isolator, which cannot be analyzed by the Haringx theory, a traditional approach on the stability analysis of rubber bearings. The buckling load of the isolators, which includes the effect of the flexibility of the steel reinforcing plates, is analyzed by a beam theory in which shear deformation and warping of the cross-section are considered. Pressure distributions in the elastomeric layer bonded to flexible reinforcements under compression force, bending moment and warping moment are derived from an assumed displacement field, from which the warping-related parameters used in the beam theory are established. The thickness of the steel reinforcement in the isolators is determined from the buckling load of the isolators, which is solved from a cubic equation established by the beam theory.     

用切比雪夫多项式研究短梁的弯曲计算

考虑剪切效应,利用切比雪夫多项式构造严格满足表面切应力边界条件的轴向位移表达式,建立了短梁弯曲问题的新理论．利用奇异函数把作用在短梁上的复杂外载荷表示为分布载荷,推导出了短梁弯曲时的截面正应力公式及挠曲线表达式．把采用切比雪夫多项式推导出短梁的弯曲计算公式计算结果与弹性理论计算结果进行比较,可知该方法的计算精度较高．研究结果表明：在复杂外载荷作用下,当长高比小于等于6时,剪切变形对梁的弯曲挠度影响较大,而当长高比小于3时,剪切变形对梁的弯曲应力影响较大;因此建议采用切比雪夫多项式方法给出的挠度表达式、弯曲应力进行计算,因为切比雪夫多项式方法不但给出了复杂外载荷作用下梁截面挠度、弯曲应力的计算通式,而且该方法具有计算过程简便、精度高的优点．