考虑竖向地震作用的振动控制及其优化研究

目前,MRD结构的分析通常只考虑水平地震动而不考虑竖向地震动的影响,地面的水平运动和竖向运动具有相关性,从而影响控制效果．因此对双向地震耦合作用下MRD结构的理论进行研究,建立动力分析模型并得出运动微分方程．以8层MRD结构为例进行地震反应分析,研究表明,考虑和不考虑竖向地震作用,MRD对结构均有良好的控制作用,但是竖向地震作用的存在,使结构各层的层间位移峰值有不同程度的增加,其增量随着竖向地震作用的增加而增加,因此建议在高烈度地区的建筑物考虑竖向地震作用对结构的影响．建立MRD结构优化设计模型,采用IHGA程序对结构进行优化设计．结果表明, MRD结构在各种工况下的各项地震反应均得到更好的控制．     

基于虚拟激励法的大跨度桥梁非平稳随机振动分析闭合解

针对大跨度结构考虑地面空间运动的非一致地震响应分析问题,结合虚拟激励法,应用傅里叶分析建立了结构非平稳随机振动响应演变功率谱分析的频域方法。建立的方法完全基于频域执行,给出了响应演变功率谱的闭合解表达式。由于实现了确定性调制过程与随机过程的有效分离,应用离散傅里叶变换进行计算不需要较高的采样分析频率就可以获得较好精度的数值结果。数值算例研究了某斜拉桥的考虑地面运动空间效应非平稳随机地震响应,与通常时频分析方法进行对比,验证了本文频域方法的正确性和有效性。     

重力埧抗震問題研究(一)

在地震区内修建巨型水电站时,必須对水电站的主要結构物——拦河煩进行抗震問題的研究。 通过模型試驗,计算了重力坝茌地震作有下的振动、应力及位移。假設地震时,地基是作为整体来运动的,并且只考虑了地震时地面的水平运动、略去了地面的垂直运动的影响。选用美国1940年5月18日在El Centro(加利福尼亚州)的地震加速度記录(最大加速度为0.33g),和一系列的地震振谱作为地震的原始资料。     

无黏流场中结构振动的气动非阻尼现象

研究跨音速飞行航天器的流-固耦合振动非阻尼现象的作用机理.研究表明,流场中的跨音速激波过程是此类非阻尼现象不可忽略的基本原因之一;由于流场对物体振动响应的滞后,形成了周期变化的分布气动力与物体运动之间有规律的相位差异,这种相位差可以引发局部的非阻尼的脉动力作用.这一机制与流场中的黏性过程如边界层和分离流动无关.单纯考虑黏性现象对非阻尼作用影响的认识是有缺陷的.     

突加三角形爆炸压力作用下成层式结构的动荷载

本文考虑分配层中的波动过程,建立了起爆层与支撑结构耦联运动的微分方程组,利用Laplace积分变换法求解,给出了地面突加三角形爆炸压力作用下成层式结构动荷载的封闭解。文中还讨论了各种参数对支撑结构动荷载的影响,以及解析解的工程适用范围。     

结构受多点非平稳随机地震激励的响应

对结构所受的地震作用既考虑了地面运动的非平稳性，又计及了行波效应及激励点之间相干性的部分损失，给出了计算结构响应时变功率谱的虚拟激励算法。该法不仅计及了振型间的耦合项及激励间的耦合项，而且简便高效。     

悬臂输流管道在基础激励与脉动内流联合作用下的参激振动

首先建立了悬臂输流管道在基础激励与脉动内流联合作用下的运动方程;然后基于Galerkin法研究了该系统的非线性动力学行为,分析了系统运动状态随激励频率和相位差的变化,以及混沌百分比随频率比(基础激励频率与脉动频率之比)和相位差的变化。结果表明,无论以激励频率还是以相位差为分岔参数,系统都具有多种形式的动态响应,包括周期运动、概周期运动和混沌运动,但进入和脱离混沌的途径不同。相位差和频率比对系统的混沌百分比有重要影响:相位差为π/2时系统混沌百分比最大;频率比为1时系统混沌百分比最小,频率比较小或较大时系统混沌百分比与只有基础激励时接近。     

SH_0导波在粘接结构中传播时的相位变化

对粘接结构进行超声导波无损检测与评估是一个有挑战性的前沿性课题.针对此问题,研究了SH_0导波在界面为理想连接的三层板状粘接结构中传播时的相位变化情况.首先基于波传播的控制方程,建立了粘接结构中反射和透射SH_0导波相对于入射SH_0导波的相位差解析模型.然后利用数值模拟计算了铝/环氧树脂/铝粘接结构中反射和透射SH_0导波的相位差曲线.最后分析了入射角度和频厚积的变化对反射和透射SH_0导波相位差的影响.结果表明,对于具体的粘接结构,反射和透射SH_0导波在其中传播时的相位差变化主要依赖于入射角度、频率等参数.在特定的频厚积下,当声波水平入射时,反射和入射SH_0导波同相位.无论入射角度为多大,随着频厚积的增大,反射SH_0导波的相位差曲线均会产生周期性谐振.对于透射SH_0导波,当声波垂直入射时,其相位差曲线的改变无规律可循;但是随着入射角度逐渐增大,透射SH_0导波的相位差曲线逐渐变规则.所得结果可为实验时研究板状粘接结构中SH_0导波的传播特性以及提取SH_0导波回波中的有用信息和定位提供一定的理论指导.     

SH0导波在粘接结构中传播时的相位变化1）

对粘接结构进行超声导波无损检测与评估是一个有挑战性的前沿性课题.针对此问题,研究了SH₀导波在界面为理想连接的三层板状粘接结构中传播时的相位变化情况.首先基于波传播的控制方程,建立了粘接结构中反射和透射SH₀导波相对于入射SH₀导波的相位差解析模型.然后利用数值模拟计算了铝/环氧树脂/铝粘接结构中反射和透射SH₀导波的相位差曲线.最后分析了入射角度和频厚积的变化对反射和透射SH₀导波相位差的影响.结果表明,对于具体的粘接结构,反射和透射SH₀导波在其中传播时的相位差变化主要依赖于入射角度、频率等参数.在特定的频厚积下,当声波水平入射时,反射和入射SH₀导波同相位.无论入射角度为多大,随着频厚积的增大,反射SH₀导波的相位差曲线均会产生周期性谐振.对于透射SH₀导波,当声波垂直入射时,其相位差曲线的改变无规律可循;但是随着入射角度逐渐增大,透射SH₀导波的相位差曲线逐渐变规则.所得结果可为实验时研究板状粘接结构中SH₀导波的传播特性以及提取SH₀导波回波中的有用信息和定位提供一定的理论指导.     

同向回转双机驱动振动系统的频率俘获

提出了改进小参数平均法,将两个转子的同步问题转化为相位差及平均转速扰动参量微分方程的零解存在与稳定性问题,得出了同步实现与稳定性条件,提出了频率俘获力矩的概念,解释了两个转子自同步的奇特现象.自同步产生于系统的运动选择动力学特征,即两偏心转子激励起机体的圆运动和绕质心的摆动运动,圆运动对频率俘获力矩贡献驱动相位差向π趋近,实现摆动运动;摆动运动对频率俘获力矩贡献驱动相位差向O趋近,实现圆运动.频率俘获力矩与两电动机的输出力矩之差的比值称为同步指数,实现同步条件为同步指数的绝对值大于1.当同步指数绝对值远大于1,摆动运动占优势时,系统实现圆运动;而圆运动占优势时,实现摆动运动.     

Stochastic seismic response of long-span structures

In this paper, dynamic responses of long-span structures subjected to the action of earthquake with realistic wave speed are analysed. The horizontal or vertical ground motion due to earthquakes is assumed to be a stationary stochastic process, and the seismic waves travel along a horizontal straight line. Expressions for calculating the psd(power spectral density) matrices of structural displacements and internal forces are derived based on three dimensional FEM structural models with the ground motion phase-lags taken into account. A numerical example is given which shows that it is of great importance to consider the effect of the ground motion phase-lags for long-span structures.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Coupled rocking and sliding vibration response of a structure to harmonic horizontal ground motion

For a strip wall erected on a rigid strip foundation and supported by the surface of the ground, the dynamic soil-structure interaction under the action of the horizontal ground motion is investigated. The ground motion is idealized as vertically propagating, horizontal steady-state motion. Because the horizontal ground motion brings about the sliding vibration of the foundation as well as the rocking vibration, the coupled rocking and sliding vibration of the soil-structure system is considered in the present paper. For the contact between the ground and foundation, the following assumptions are made: 1) the contact is assumed to be welded, that is to say, the motion of the foundation is consistent with the ground; 2) the horizontal translation at each point on the bottom surface of the foundation is equal to a constant; 3) the distribution of the normal displacements under the foundation remains to be linear in the rocking vibration. For comparison, the case of uncoupled vibration is considered also. The use of Fourier transform method yields dual integral equations (for the case without coupling effect) or simultaneous dual integral equations (for the case with coupling effect). Both of them are solved by means of infinite series of orthogonal functions, the Jacobi polynomials. The numerical results show that there is a significant difference between the displacements of the foundation, the relative displacements of the top of the wall with respect to its base, and the distribution of contact stresses beneath the foundation, for the cases with and without coupling effect.     

Theory and model implementation for analyzing line structures subject to dynamic motions of large deformation and elongation using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) approach

This paper presents the theory development and numerical implementation of a new gradient-deficient-based ANCF (Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation) model applied to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis of elastic line structures subject to large stretching and deformation. The derivations of model equations, introduced numerical approaches, and result validations are the focuses of this study. Different from the traditional rod theory for small stretching consideration, the present model implements the line structures’ large elongation concepts into both the control mechanisms of constitutive formulations and equations of motion. The effect of external hydrodynamic forces on structures is also included in the model formulations. Based on the conservation of energy, the line model developed in this study covers the variation in strain and takes a full account of the bending effect with large stretching. A finite-element-based implicit scheme according to a modified Newmark-beta method is employed to solve the assembled system equations with unknown variables of nodal position vectors, their tangential derivatives, and strains. Selected cases with dynamic motions, such as nonlinear oscillation of a compound pendulum, free falling of a horizontal elastic beam in air with two different settings of gravity, free falling of a submerged horizontal tether with and without an attached concentrated mass, and a submerged vertical tether with a prescribed translational motion, are simulated to verify the developed model by comparing the results with analytical solutions and published experimental data and numerical results. It is found the present ANCF model, as noticed with good matched results with analytical solutions, measurements and other published solutions, is demonstrated to be able to provide converged and reasonably accurate predictions on the responses of line structures subject to large dynamic motions.

     

Comparison of near- and far-fault ground motion effect on the nonlinear response of dam–reservoir–foundation systems

In this paper, it is aimed to compare the near- and far-fault ground motion effects on the nonlinear dynamic response of dams including dam–reservoir–foundation interaction. Two different types of dams, which are concrete arch and concrete faced rockfill dams, are selected to investigate the near- and far-fault ground motion effects on the dam responses. The behavior of reservoir water is taken into account using Lagrangian approach. The Drucker–Prager material model is employed in nonlinear analyses. Near and far-fault strong ground motion records, which have approximately identical peak ground accelerations, of Loma Prieta (1989) earthquake are selected for the analyses. Displacements, maximum and minimum principal stresses are determined using the finite element method. The displacements and principal stresses obtained from the analyses of dams subjected to each fault effect are compared with each other. It is clearly seen that there is more seismic demand on displacements and stresses when the dam is subjected to near-fault ground motion.     

设置连接阻尼器的相邻结构随机地震动响应的简明封闭解

针对两相邻结构间设置连接阻尼器对结构的减震影响问题,研究了基于Kanai-Tajimi谱地震动激励下的Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器与相邻结构形成的组合体系的随机地震动系列响应(绝对位移及层间位移)的简明封闭解。首先,利用Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器本构关系及Kanai-Tajimi谱的滤波方程,将组合体系基于复杂地震动激励精确转化为基于简明白噪声激励的运动方程;其次,利用复模态法获得了组合结构相对于地面的绝对位移、层间位移等系列响应方差及0阶~2阶谱矩的统一简明封闭解。最后,通过算例及与虚拟激励法进行对比,证明本文方法的正确性和简明性;通过与未设置阻尼装置结构体系的动力响应对比,说明了阻尼装置对相邻结构具有良好的减震效果,但局部楼层的层间位移及层间剪力会有所增加。     

Bifurcation mechanism of interfacial electrohydrodynamic gravity-capillary waves near the minimum phase speed under a horizontal electric field

We investigate the evolution of interfacial gravity-capillary waves propagating along the interface between two dielectric fluids under the action of a horizontal electric field. There is a uniform background flow in each layer, and the relative motion tends to induce Kelvin–Helmholtz(KH) instability. The combined effects of gravity, surface tension and electrically induced forces are all taken into account. Under the short-wave assumption, the expansion and truncation method of Dirichlet-Neumann(DN) operators is applied to derive a reduced dynamical model. When KH instability is suppressed linearly by a considerably large electric field, our numerical results reveal that in certain regions of parameter space, nonlinear symmetric traveling wave solutions can be found near the minimum phase speed. Additionally, the detailed bifurcation structures are presented together with typical wave profiles.     

The moving-load problem in soil dynamics—the vertical displacement approximation

The moving point load problem in soil dynamics is analyzed in the vertical particle displacement approximation. Prior to its motion, the load is stationary. From the instant at which it is set into motion it moves, with constant speed, along a straight path on the (horizontal) planar surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. The modified Cagniard method for solving transient wave problems is used to determine closed-form expressions for the vertical component of the particle displacement from the elastodynamic wave equation of which only the vertical component is taken into account. The relevant approximation is standard in soil dynamics. Both the cases of “subsonic” and “supersonic” surface load speeds are considered. Methods to include losses in the model are briefly discussed. The study has been initiated with a view to the application of the results to the analysis of the ground motion generated by high-speed trains traveling on a poorly consolidated soil.     

桁架拱结构在地震动双向多点激励下的反应分析

基于经验相干损失函数和《建筑抗震设计规范》定义的反应谱模拟了空间变化地震动,进行了空间变化水平向和竖向地震动共同激励下桁架拱结构的反应分析。数值分析结果表明,与一致激励引起的结构反应相比,考虑地震动的空间变化增大了桁架拱结构的地震反应,引起地震动空间变化的每一个因素对于结构反应都有重要的影响。传统的基于一致地震动和仅考...     

A novel aseismic foundation system for multipurpose asymmetric buildings

The vulnerability of civil engineering structures with fundamental frequency, say roughly above 1?Hz, (or buildings having less than ten stories), when exposed to the strong motion phase of an earthquake is considerably reduced by means of base isolation. The low-pass filter for isolating horizontal vibrations is redesigned where the classical elastomeric bearings are substituted by a number of prestressed helical steel springs with pivoted columns along their vertical axes carrying a fraction of the dead weight and guiding the remaining horizontal motion. The base-isolated building in its fundamental mode is considered to be rigid and low-cost tuned liquid column gas dampers (TLCGDs), in optimal arrangement within the plan of the basement of the building, supply the effective damping of the remaining horizontal vibrations. TLCGD-tuning in a first step is performed by a simple transformation of the well-documented optimal parameters of the tuned mass damper (TMD) followed by fine-tuning in state space. The action of the passive damping device is commonly considered to be sufficient. Since the gas-spring effect somewhat counter acts changes in fluid mass, the absorber can be used as a water reservoir. Compatible sliding elements are innovatively designed to resist the motion of the building relative to the ground for sufficiently small disturbances by static friction, thus complete the isolation system. However, during seismic excitation, the frictional contact is released over much of the time to avoid excessive wear.     

Level kegulation of ground water in irrigation

Level regulation of ground water is important for preventing the irrigated ground from becoming bogged up or salinated; the evaporation and the existence of a weakly permeable horizontal waterproof stratum are taken into account. The solution is found in an explicit form. It is also shown that the solution tends asymptotically either to one of the two stationary solutions or to periodic solutions which are also obtained in this paper.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 5, pp. 125–133, September–October, 1973.