大跨度结构随机地震响应

设水平或竖向地面运动是沿水平方向直线传播的平稳随机过程。对于按有限元离散化的一般三维结构,考虑地面运动的相位差,推导了计算其位移及内力响应功率谱密度的表达式。文中给出的对比例题表明,对大跨度结构考虑地震输入相位差的影响是十分必要的。     

基于虚拟激励法的大跨度桥梁非平稳随机振动分析闭合解

针对大跨度结构考虑地面空间运动的非一致地震响应分析问题,结合虚拟激励法,应用傅里叶分析建立了结构非平稳随机振动响应演变功率谱分析的频域方法。建立的方法完全基于频域执行,给出了响应演变功率谱的闭合解表达式。由于实现了确定性调制过程与随机过程的有效分离,应用离散傅里叶变换进行计算不需要较高的采样分析频率就可以获得较好精度的数值结果。数值算例研究了某斜拉桥的考虑地面运动空间效应非平稳随机地震响应,与通常时频分析方法进行对比,验证了本文频域方法的正确性和有效性。     

行波效应下结构非平稳随机地震峰值响应分析

地震运动在本质上是非平稳随机过程。对于一个典型的地震记录,如果地震平稳段持续时间较短,采用非平稳随机过程描述其地震动特性较为合理。目前被最广泛接受的地震非平稳随机振动模型是演变随机激励模型。本文将虚拟激励法和精细积分法相结合,高精度计算了结构在这种随机地震激励下的时变均方根响应,并等效转化为相应的平稳随机过程后进行结构峰值响应计算。不仅考虑了激励的非平稳性,同时高效精确地考虑了结构的动力特性和地震行波效应。能够方便地应用于大型复杂结构,特别是为大跨度桥梁抗震分析提供了高效的计算手段。实际结构算例表明平稳假设会得到偏于保守的结果。当阻尼比较小时,这种差别会更明显。采用非平稳激励模型,显然更为合理;采用本文提出的方法可以很方便地处理这类问题。     

桁架拱结构在地震动双向多点激励下的反应分析

基于经验相干损失函数和《建筑抗震设计规范》定义的反应谱模拟了空间变化地震动,进行了空间变化水平向和竖向地震动共同激励下桁架拱结构的反应分析。数值分析结果表明,与一致激励引起的结构反应相比,考虑地震动的空间变化增大了桁架拱结构的地震反应,引起地震动空间变化的每一个因素对于结构反应都有重要的影响。传统的基于一致地震动和仅考...     

大跨度结构抗震分析方法及近期进展

对反应谱方法、随机振动方法和时间历程法应用于大跨度结构抗震分析时的特点作了分析和对比。研究表明,地震地面运动的空间变化效应(特别是行波效应)对大跨度结构的响应有相当大的影响。反应谱方法对多点激励地震分析显得相当困难,而随机振动方法则有明显的优越性。对于强震作用下的大跨度结构非线性地震响应,时间历程法在现阶段仍应是主要的分析方法。      

Fragility analysis of bridges under ground motion with spatial variation

Seismic ground motion can vary significantly over distances comparable to the length of a majority of highway bridges on multiple supports. This paper presents results of fragility analysis of highway bridges under ground motion with spatial variation. Ground motion time histories are artificially generated with different amplitudes, phases, as well as frequency contents at different support locations. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to study dynamic responses of an example multi-span bridge under these ground motions. The effect of spatial variation on the seismic response is systematically examined and the resulting fragility curves are compared with those under identical support ground motion. This study shows that ductility demands for the bridge columns can be underestimated if the bridge is analyzed using identical support ground motions rather than differential support ground motions. Fragility curves are developed as functions of different measures of ground motion intensity including peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, spectral acceleration, spectral velocity and spectral intensity. This study represents a first attempt to develop fragility curves under spatially varying ground motion and provides information useful for improvement of the current seismic design codes so as to account for the effects of spatial variation in the seismic design of long-span bridges.     

半覆水相变V形峡谷场地P波入射下的空间地震动散射频域理论解、验证及特征

克服介质相变、峡谷分层且局部地形覆水导致的固有边界值难题，首次推导并得到了半覆水相变V形峡谷场地对P波激励下的散射理论解，验证理论解的正确性，探究了相变界面的有无、入射波频率和入射角对地表位移的显著影响，突出并重点强调了覆水因素对结果影响的不可忽视性。分析结果表明，(1)以经典算例为标准，对比验证了本文理论解的正确性，解释并澄清了峡谷局部可预测性的微小偏差的来源。(2)与未覆水部位相比，峡谷覆水部位表面位移显著增大；与峡谷满水状态相比，相变面的存在使位移增大的初始位置向峡谷中间移动；不同的入射波频率和入射角下，地面运动情况存在显著差异，随着入射角的增大，水平方向的位移逐渐增大，竖直方向的位移逐渐减小。本文研究可为覆水V形峡谷的长大结构多点地震动的合理输入提供基础性研究依据，兼有理论意义与应用价值。     

Coupled rocking and sliding vibration response of a structure to harmonic horizontal ground motion

For a strip wall erected on a rigid strip foundation and supported by the surface of the ground, the dynamic soil-structure interaction under the action of the horizontal ground motion is investigated. The ground motion is idealized as vertically propagating, horizontal steady-state motion. Because the horizontal ground motion brings about the sliding vibration of the foundation as well as the rocking vibration, the coupled rocking and sliding vibration of the soil-structure system is considered in the present paper. For the contact between the ground and foundation, the following assumptions are made: 1) the contact is assumed to be welded, that is to say, the motion of the foundation is consistent with the ground; 2) the horizontal translation at each point on the bottom surface of the foundation is equal to a constant; 3) the distribution of the normal displacements under the foundation remains to be linear in the rocking vibration. For comparison, the case of uncoupled vibration is considered also. The use of Fourier transform method yields dual integral equations (for the case without coupling effect) or simultaneous dual integral equations (for the case with coupling effect). Both of them are solved by means of infinite series of orthogonal functions, the Jacobi polynomials. The numerical results show that there is a significant difference between the displacements of the foundation, the relative displacements of the top of the wall with respect to its base, and the distribution of contact stresses beneath the foundation, for the cases with and without coupling effect.     

设置连接阻尼器的相邻结构随机地震动响应的简明封闭解

针对两相邻结构间设置连接阻尼器对结构的减震影响问题,研究了基于Kanai-Tajimi谱地震动激励下的Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器与相邻结构形成的组合体系的随机地震动系列响应(绝对位移及层间位移)的简明封闭解。首先,利用Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器本构关系及Kanai-Tajimi谱的滤波方程,将组合体系基于复杂地震动激励精确转化为基于简明白噪声激励的运动方程;其次,利用复模态法获得了组合结构相对于地面的绝对位移、层间位移等系列响应方差及0阶~2阶谱矩的统一简明封闭解。最后,通过算例及与虚拟激励法进行对比,证明本文方法的正确性和简明性;通过与未设置阻尼装置结构体系的动力响应对比,说明了阻尼装置对相邻结构具有良好的减震效果,但局部楼层的层间位移及层间剪力会有所增加。     

Steady motion of a rigid disk of finite thickness on a horizontal plane

The article discusses the steady motion of a rigid disk of finite thickness rolling on its edge on a horizontal plane under the influence of gravity. The governing equations are presented and two cases allowing for a steady-state solution are considered: rolling on consistently rough ground and rolling on perfectly smooth ground. The conditions of steady motion are derived for both kinds of ground and it is shown that the possible steady motion of a disk is either on a straight line or in a circle. Oscillations about steady state are discussed and conditions for stable motion established. The bifurcations of steady motions on a smooth surface are also considered.     

A novel aseismic foundation system for multipurpose asymmetric buildings

The vulnerability of civil engineering structures with fundamental frequency, say roughly above 1?Hz, (or buildings having less than ten stories), when exposed to the strong motion phase of an earthquake is considerably reduced by means of base isolation. The low-pass filter for isolating horizontal vibrations is redesigned where the classical elastomeric bearings are substituted by a number of prestressed helical steel springs with pivoted columns along their vertical axes carrying a fraction of the dead weight and guiding the remaining horizontal motion. The base-isolated building in its fundamental mode is considered to be rigid and low-cost tuned liquid column gas dampers (TLCGDs), in optimal arrangement within the plan of the basement of the building, supply the effective damping of the remaining horizontal vibrations. TLCGD-tuning in a first step is performed by a simple transformation of the well-documented optimal parameters of the tuned mass damper (TMD) followed by fine-tuning in state space. The action of the passive damping device is commonly considered to be sufficient. Since the gas-spring effect somewhat counter acts changes in fluid mass, the absorber can be used as a water reservoir. Compatible sliding elements are innovatively designed to resist the motion of the building relative to the ground for sufficiently small disturbances by static friction, thus complete the isolation system. However, during seismic excitation, the frictional contact is released over much of the time to avoid excessive wear.     

VORTEX SHEDDING OF BLUFF BODIES: A REVIEW

In this paper the various types of vortex generation and the related response characteristics of bluff bodies are described. The vortices are, in general, generated by a certain stimulation, leading to one- or two-shear layer instability; the related unsteady forces could excite flexible structures such as tall towers, tall buildings and long-span bridges. Karman vortex shedding is well known as the alternate shedding vortex behind bluff bodies, but the one-shear layer instability related vortices and symmetrical vortex shedding should also be taken into account as additional mechanisms for the evaluation of structural safety, because they result in structural response at comparatively low wind speeds. In this paper, the symmetrical vortex shedding, which is enhanced by the longitudinally fluctuating flow for 2-D rectangular cylinders with a 0.5 side ratio, and one-shear layer related vortices, which are generated on the side surfaces of flat 2-D rectangular cylinders and many bridge girder box sections by the stimulation of body motion or applied sound, are introduced. Furthermore, as a peculiar 3-D vortex, the “axial vortex”, which is formed in near wake of inclined cables and then over restricted velocity ranges, is also discussed.     

非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥的响应特性

基于平衡随机地震动场理论,研究了地震动空间变化,包括行波效应,相干损失和局部场地条件,对大跨度斜拉桥地震响应特征的影响,采用拟激励方法计算结构的随机响应,计算的响应量包括塔顶位移,塔底弯矩,辅助墩底弯矩等,得到的主要结论是：与一致地震激励相比,地震动空间变化可以使斜拉桥的地震反应改变 达40％,仅考虑行波效应可以得到响应的偏于保守的估计值,局部土场地条件的对斜拉桥的地震反应有重要影响,当各塔,墩处的土质条件差异较大时需进行详细的抗震分析。     

一种结构参数识别的两阶段方法

针对测量信息不完备的剪切型结构 ,建立了一种两阶段系统识别的复合反演方法 ,这种方法包括两部分 :子结构地震动反演和结构参数识别。首先 ,选取可观测的子结构 ,利用一维地震动作用于结构的力学特性 ,将子结构动力方程的有限元列式进行变换 ,得到适合于最小二乘法的简单形式 ,解决了测量信息不完备及结构参数未知条件下的地震动反演问题。其次 ,根据子结构反演得到的地震动输入 ,采用结构参数时域识别技术中的加权整体迭代 -广义卡尔曼滤波器方法 ,成功地识别出了有限测量条件下单元水平结构参数     

计算近场地震作用下隔震结构支座破坏易损性曲线的概率凸集混合模型

用凸集模型模拟隔震结构参数的不确定性,而用随机模型模拟地震动输入的不确定性,提出了计算近场地震作用下在考虑双不确定性因素时隔震结构支座发生破坏的易损性曲线计算新方法;计算结果将给隔震支座力学参数的设计提供参考;通过计算对比可知,若不考虑结构参数不确定性将低估隔震支座破坏的地震易损性;对计算实例中基底最大位移敏感度分析发现,隔震支座的力学参数(如屈服力、屈服后刚度等)对基底最大位移影响较大,上部结构质量的影响次之,而上部结构的刚度对其影响不大;此外,本文的研究内容也为考虑结构参数和输入地震动双不确定性因素的情况下,计算各类结构地震易损性曲线提供了一种新的思路和途径。     

多层非线性抗震钢结构的损失估计与优化设计

本文通过结构的动力可靠性分析和损失估计建立了以动力可靠性为约束的非线性抗震结构双目标(造价与损失期望)优化设计模型,提出了具体实现这种优化设计思想的实际可行的方法。文中将地震地面运动模拟为平稳过滤有色噪声,建立了以破坏指数刻划的结构体系的模糊震害等级,提出了结构模糊动力可靠性分析和损失估计的具体方法,从而使优化设计模型中各有关量的分析和计算得以具体地实现。     

桥梁结构劣化与损伤过程的多尺度分析方法及其应用

研究桥梁结构多尺度模拟和分析方法对于发展重大桥梁结构损伤检测与状态评估方法以确保其安全运营是至关重要的.本文综述和总结了作者及其课题组多年来在桥梁结构劣化与损伤过程分析领域的研究工作.包括:系统地提出了针对大型桥梁结构损伤劣化过程分析需求的结构多尺度问题,研究证实了结构损伤与劣化过程分析可以通过结构一致多尺度模拟和时空多尺度分析来实现;提出了针对大型桥梁结构多尺度模型的多因素、多目标同步模型修正技术,指出多尺度模型修正必须对各分析目标敏感的多种因素同步优化,同时交叉验证修正后模型对该级修正目标和对其它模拟目标的复现与预测能力.提出了基于结构一致多尺度模拟和结构健康监测信息进行结构劣化分析的方法并应用于两个重大桥梁工程结构的疲劳损伤分析与评估.最后,指出在此领域中还要很多问题亟待解决,尤其是如何模拟损伤从材料与结构中的细观层次的缺陷演化发展到结构局部乃至整体失效的过程,建立结构损伤演化与失效过程的跨尺度分析理论与方法.     

多点输入下大跨空间网格结构的可靠度分析

在虚拟激励反应谱法的基础上进行了多点输入下大跨空间网格结构的可靠度分析,并且将之与一致输入下结构抗震可靠度的分析结果进行了对比,考查了两种输入方法下杆件内力可靠指标之间的变化,进而分析了危险杆件在结构分布、数量等方面的差异以及危险杆件随结构跨度、视波速的变化关系。通过工程实例可以看出本文的分析方法对于分析大跨度网架、网壳这样复杂结构在多点输入下的抗震性能非常合适,为理论研究向实际应用搭建了桥梁。     

Efficient and accurate procedure for selecting ground motions matching target response spectrum

Linear and nonlinear response history analyses have become popular in seismic design and seismic performance evaluation procedures. The accuracy of analysis results depends not only on the accurate analytic models for structures but also on the proper selection of input ground motions. The purpose of this study is to develop a computationally efficient and accurate procedure for selecting ground motions considering the target response spectrum mean and variance, and the correlations between response spectra of different periods. In this procedure, a number of response spectra are simulated equal to the number of ground motions to be selected, using a Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, ground motions are selected from a ground motion library to individually match the simulated response spectra, using the proposed selection procedure. This procedure is computationally efficient and accurate in selecting a ground motion that best matches a simulated response spectrum and in determining a scaling factor for the selected ground motion. In order to further improve the selection result, multiple sets of simulated response spectra are considered. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure are verified with numerical examples.     

近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱减震效果研究

为研究近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱减震效果,本文首先从PEER 强震数据库中选取我国台湾集集大地震中典型近断层地震动记录,进行了近断层地震动频谱特性分析．然后,以某地铁车站为背景,分别建立中柱安装橡胶隔振支座和没有安装橡胶隔振支座的土-地铁车站结构相互作用体系有限元模型．在此基础上,选取4 条具有明显脉冲特性的近断层地震动记录和El Centro 波作为输入,对土-地铁车站结构相互作用体系进行了地震反应分析,对比分析了减震模型和原型结构的位移响应和应力响应等结果,探讨了近断层地震动作用下地铁车站中柱的减震效果．结果表明：近断层脉冲型地震动具有较大的加速度、速度和位移时程幅值,并有明显的速度脉冲效应,0.1~1 Hz 的低频成分丰富;在地铁车站中柱柱端安装橡胶支座后,改变了车站结构的传力机制,使得顶板的内力及变形不能有效的传递到中柱上,起到了非常明显的减震效果;中柱增设橡胶支座后结构整体刚度变小,车站结构侧墙内力和水平变形较原型结构有明显增大．