燃料空气炸药（FAE）装置爆炸场的研究

燃料空气炸药（ＦＡＥ）装置在一次点火后，液体燃料在中心装药爆轰驱动下，抛撒在空气中形成燃料空气云，用高速摄影记录了该燃料空气云的形成过程。为达到所要求的气云形状，在对高速摄影照片充分分析折基础上，本文对ＦＡＥ装置的结构设计提出了改进意见。燃料空气云在二次点火后实现爆轰，本文测量了沿地面主力学线的压力时间曲线，用高精度、高分辨率的ＴＶＤ格式与瞬时爆轰模型时燃料空气云爆炸场进行了初步的数值模拟，得到了     

可燃液体爆燃特性及其抑制实验

设计了一套可燃液体爆炸特性实验装置,利用该装置和立式爆轰管对RP-5油料、RP-3油料及工业酒精的爆炸特性、1301惰性气体对这3种燃料的抑制进行了研究。结果表明:RP-5油料、RP-3油料及工业酒精爆炸的体积分数范围分别为1.53%～7.73%、0.82%～7.17%及 3.38%～18.25%;酒精云雾爆轰的临界起爆能为2.11 MJ/m2、爆速和爆压分别为1 609 m/s 、1 480 kPa,爆轰波传播的胞格宽度为14.5 mm,长度为16.2 mm。1301惰性气体对RP-5油料、RP-3油料及工业酒精的最小惰化体积分数分别为6.75%、6.8%及 5.56%;二氧化碳和氮气对RP-3油料的最小惰化体积分数分别为45%和49%;1301惰性气体对油料爆炸抑制效果明显好于二氧化碳与氮气。     

一种射流源和炸药射流感度的研究

为了研究各种炸药射流感度,采用多种途径研制了能量输出较稳定的射流源;并用三种方法对射流源能量输出稳定性进行了判定。利用自行研制的射流源对TNT、B炸药、JB-B等多种炸药进行了射流感度的评定试验,获得了多种炸药射流感度的顺序排列结果,并与文献值符合得很好;利用X光机获得了射流头部速度与隔板厚度的关系,并拟合了经验公式。     

微声聚能穿孔装置优化设计及IED安全销毁实验

根据Held引爆理论,利用聚能射流使炸药只燃烧或发生不完全爆轰的特点,设计了微声聚能穿孔装置,并对装药结构进行了正交优化.实验结果表明,装置的消声能力良好,用于销毁模拟爆炸药盒时,装药仅发生低速爆轰,达到了安全销毁简易爆炸装置的目的.     

杆式射流形成的数值模拟研究

利用数值仿真软件LS-DYNA3D,通过数值模拟方法研究了药型罩压跨、射流的形成、延伸和失稳断裂的全过程,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,得到了一套实用的数值模拟方法及材料模型参数,定性分析了大锥角的药型罩压垮过程,对形成杆式射流的药型罩结构设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

爆炸加载下金属缝隙射流定量诊断实验研究

爆轰加载下金属飞片缝隙处会有射流产生,金属缝隙射流的喷射速度可达数千米/秒,而其射流线密度只有几个mg/cm量级。采用高速摄影以及脉冲软X光照相方法对缝隙射流进行了动态观测和(半)定量测量,通过不同条件下的系列实验获得了金属射流喷射特性和射流质量随飞片材料、加载压力、缝隙宽度以及加载方式等的变化规律,通过实验数据分析拟合,初步给出了射流质量随各影响因素变化的经验型定标率模型。     

基于燃料可燃界限研究建筑火灾中的回燃现象

为了研究回燃产生的临界条件和细水雾抑制回燃产生的可行性及其抑制机理 ,建立了一套小尺寸回燃实验装置 ,并进行了一系列的实验 ;实验结果表明腔体内未燃烧燃料的质量分数是回燃产生的决定性参数 ,而细水雾确实能抑制回燃的产生 ,并且其抑制机理是降低腔体内未燃烧燃料的质量分数。最后利用燃料可燃界限图进行了实验结果的定性验证及分析。     

水下爆炸中气泡射流壁压特性实验研究

水下爆炸气泡射流载荷是中近场水下爆炸壁压载荷的重要组成部分, 将水下爆炸气泡射流简化为一段高速水柱来研究水下爆炸气泡射流载荷特性是研究水下爆炸气泡射流载荷的主要手段。本文基于腔内爆炸提出了一种新的高速水射流实验方法，并给出了实验装置设计、实验方法以及实验系统。基于实验系统，开展了不同工况下高速水射流的实验研究，研究了腔口位置、腔深对水射流形态的影响，并对水射流的形态形成因素进行了分析。使用压电型壁压传感器测得了水射流冲击壁压，给出了水射流冲击壁压的特性及其特点。实验结果表明:腔口位置与腔深是影响水射流端面形态的重要因素；生成的高速水射流冲击壁压峰值满足水锤理论。基于腔内爆炸的高速水射流实验方法能够应用于包括水下爆炸气泡射流在内的高速水射流形态、壁压特性的研究。     

多相燃料空气炸药爆炸压力场研究

采用高速运动分析系统对固态燃料FAE（Fuel Air Explosive）分散、爆轰过程进行光学测量,用压电传感器等组成的压力测试系统对FAE爆炸压力场进行测量,对固态燃料FAE燃料分散、爆轰波及冲击波进行了研究。分析了气-固-液多相爆轰的特征和压力波形的特点,研究了其冲击波峰值超压及比冲量随传播距离变化的规律。在云雾区内,多相爆轰波压力波形具有多峰结构,爆炸波峰值超压及冲量为一恒定值;爆轰区外,爆轰波转变成爆炸冲击波,峰值压力和比冲量迅速衰减,得到了峰值超压、比冲量随传播距离的变化规律。     

约束及增韧对氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能的影响

基于DOP实验方法开展了2种约束氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能系列实验研究,分别获取了AD95陶瓷及10%氧化锆增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻过程的侵彻深度-时间（P-t）曲线及他们在验证靶上的剩余穿深,并与45钢的抗侵彻数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种陶瓷抗射流侵彻的防护因数均大于1;约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力得到了较大提高;增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力优于AD95陶瓷。基于实验结果分析了约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻的机理,提出约束边界反射产生的回爆对射流稳定性的干扰是约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力提高的主要原因。     

固、液相FAE一次引爆实验研究

基于离散爆轰思想,进行了小药量无约束空间固、液相燃料空气炸药(fuelairexplosive,简称FAE)弹体的野外一次引爆实验。实验结果表明,固、液相FAE弹体的爆炸效果均明显优于等质量的TNT装药;固相FAE弹体一次引爆后的云雾分散规律和爆炸压力场分布不同于液相FAE弹体。在本实验装置条件下,固相FAE弹体的远场超压增长峰值虽未超过等质量的液相FAE弹体,但其火焰持续时间却比等质量液相FAE弹体的长。若仅考察弹体云雾最大半径,固相FAE弹体并不比等质量的液相FAE弹体优越太多,但固相FAE弹体的爆炸作用体积增大较多。     

固态燃料小型FAE装置空中爆炸场效应分析

通过一次引爆固态复合粉尘燃料小型FAE装置与等质量TNT在自由空间的爆炸对比实验,获得了不同距离的峰值超压值,并运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度对云雾爆轰区半径进行了估算。结果表明,固态燃料小型FAE装置空爆峰值超压分布规律不同于TNT,云雾爆轰区内的峰值超压不呈现单调减的特征,而是在有限范围内呈现波动趋势;云雾爆轰区外的峰值超压随距离增大迅速衰减,但固态燃料小型FAE装置的峰值超压大于相同距离处等质量的TNT。高速摄影观测结果显示,固态燃料小型FAE装置爆炸的化学反应持续时间大于等质量TNT。     

FAE战斗部毁伤威力评价的试验研究

利用基于靶板毁伤效应和超压-冲量准则的FAE战斗部毁伤威力评价方法,分别对三种不同起爆方式和燃料配方的FAE战斗部进行了毁伤威力评价的试验,并计算得到了相应的TNT威力当量值。结果表明,1#云爆弹在炸距3.8 m之后靶板的变形挠度大于同药量的RDX/TNT装药,在炸距3.8～4.2 m之间的TNT当量约为2.0;在炸距13～18 m之间,采用新型固液混合燃料的2#云爆弹的靶板变形挠度约为传统环氧丙烷燃料的3#云爆弹的1.4倍,TNT当量分别为3.75和2.96。     

壳体对燃料近区抛散速度的影响

通过建立力学模型 ,分析了燃料空气炸药 ( FAE)装置壳体对燃料近区抛散过程的影响规律 ,给出了考虑壳体时燃料近区 (加速阶段 )抛散速度的计算方法。为 FAE爆炸云雾及战斗部弹壳碎片的杀伤作用分析奠定了力学基础。     

雷暴冲击风风洞设计及流场测试

鉴于雷暴冲击风试验装置的特殊性以及与低速直流风洞的共通性,参考低速直流风洞的设计方法设计完成了试验装置的洞体结构,并制作了具有调节功能的平板来模拟地面.通过调节平板,该装置能够同时改变冲击风强度、直径、射流高度、入射倾角等冲击风参数.试验测得稳态条件下射流口下竖向风速分布,以及沿竖向分布和水平分布的水平风速,研究了水平距离、高度及冲击风参数的影响.研究结果表明:最大水平风速出现的高度与其水平位置有关;射流速度V_(jet)与射流直径D_(jet)在一定范围内对试验结果影响不大;射流高度h与入射倾角α对冲击风的流场有明显影响.     

Penetration height correlations for non-aerated and aerated transverse liquid jets in supersonic cross flow

Experimental results on the mixing of non-aerated and aerated transverse liquid jet in supersonic cross flow (M = 1.5) are presented in this paper. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of the gas/liquid mass ratio on the penetration and atomization of an aerated liquid jet in high speed cross flow and to develop correlations for the penetration heights. High speed imaging system was used in this study for the visualization of the injection of aerated liquid jet. The results show the effect of jet/cross flow momentum flux ratio, the gas/liquid mass ratio and the Ohnesorge number on the penetration of aerated liquid jet in supersonic cross-flow. New correlations of the spray penetration height for the non-aerated liquid jet (GLR = 0) and the net gain in spray penetration height for the aerated liquid jet (GLR > 0) are presented.     

固态燃料空气炸药空爆实验研究

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药(FAE)装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验,测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布,FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14~1.6倍;并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系,在爆炸场边缘区,FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量;通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围,与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比,FAE的优势明显;运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径,并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因;建议在保持超压不变的情况下,把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。     

Numerical and experimental characterization of a double-orifice synthetic jet actuator

A complete investigation of a double-orifice synthetic jet actuator, focused on the device frequency response in terms of jet velocity, has been carried out. Numerical simulations have shown that, in many operation conditions, the flow within the actuator cavity can be considered as divided in two sub-volumes, each characterized by its own flow field. An analytical approach, based on the previous consideration, has allowed to obtain simple relationships for the three resonance frequencies and to provide further insights on the jets formation. The model has been validated through experimental tests carried out on two actuators manufactured in-house, having different geometrical and mechanical characteristics. Comparisons with the behavior of the twin single-orifice device have been discussed and useful considerations on the prediction of the actual formation of the synthetic jet are included .     

Unsteady Liquid Jets

The behaviour of unsteady liquid jets in a gas atmosphere is mainly governed by the conservation of momentum and the interaction with the environment. In this article it will be shown that many of the particular effects in the propagation and desintegration of unsteady jets are simply explained by the conservation of initial momentum. Many of the distortions and peculiar shapes of the liquid elements of the jet can be explained by a time and space development of weak initial distortions of momentum in travelling waves during propagation.The first part of the paper is devoted to the droplet formation in liquid jets of moderate Weber numbers in the order of ten. In this regime and higher the surface tension is not the governing influence of instability of jet decomposition and hence of the droplet formation.If there is a high frequency distortion of the velocity which is artificially implemented in our experiments by a special device, but under usual conditions also existing by turbulence or source distortions of the nozzle flow, the concentration of mass in packets in a kind of shock formation is the main reason for droplet formation. The frequency of droplets in space and time is given by the frequency of the distortion. The amplitude and phase is also given by the initial values of the driver for these quantities.For large amplitudes and low frequencies the jets are decomposed in very peculiar shapes, which can be very simply explained by the collision of packets of concentrated mass on the axis of the jet motion.The whole range of phenomena can be understood in a theoretically elegant manner by a Lagrangian transform of the nonlinear equations of motion together with some plausible considerations about the lateral motion. Solutions for the droplet formation and the formation of liquid films in different shapes can be achieved this way.As an illustration of the whole range of beautiful and regularly reproducible details of jet decomposition some photographs will be shown which summarize the phenomena and give an idea of the importance of systematic investigation of the sometimes very confusing appearance of fluid jets.     

Unsteady Liquid Jets

The behaviour of unsteady liquid jets in a gas atmosphere is mainly governed by the conservation of momentum and the interaction with the environment. In this article it will be shown that many of the particular effects in the propagation and desintegration of unsteady jets are simply explained by the conservation of initial momentum. Many of the distortions and peculiar shapes of the liquid elements of the jet can be explained by a time and space development of weak initial distortions of momentum in travelling waves during propagation. The first part of the paper is devoted to the droplet formation in liquid jets of moderate Weber numbers in the order of ten. In this regime and higher the surface tension is not the governing influence of instability of jet decomposition and hence of the droplet formation. If there is a high frequency distortion of the velocity which is artificially implemented in our experiments by a special device, but under usual conditions also existing by turbulence or source distortions of the nozzle flow, the concentration of mass in packets in a kind of shock formation is the main reason for droplet formation. The frequency of droplets in space and time is given by the frequency of the distortion. The amplitude and phase is also given by the initial values of the driver for these quantities. For large amplitudes and low frequencies the jets are decomposed in very peculiar shapes, which can be very simply explained by the collision of packets of concentrated mass on the axis of the jet motion. The whole range of phenomena can be understood in a theoretically elegant manner by a Lagrangian transform of the nonlinear equations of motion together with some plausible considerations about the lateral motion. Solutions for the droplet formation and the formation of liquid films in different shapes can be achieved this way. As an illustration of the whole range of beautiful and regularly reproducible details of jet decomposition some photographs will be shown which summarize the phenomena and give an idea of the importance of systematic investigation of the sometimes very confusing appearance of fluid jets.