暴雨诱发滑坡的高效无网格大变形数值模拟

渗流与土体的大变形耦合损伤破坏问题是暴雨诱发滑坡数值模拟的重要内容,目前对滑坡的全过程大变形非线性损伤破坏的仿真分析仍是一个难点。本文基于稳定节点积分再生核质点伽辽金无网格法和大变形增量型本构关系,提出了一套能模拟暴雨诱发非饱和土质边坡大变形损伤破坏的高效分析方法。该方法应用拉格朗日稳定节点积分,保证了数值积分的稳定性和高效性;同时采用非饱和土的物理力学性质来模拟降雨过程中边坡土体性质的演化,并以各项同性损伤函数和Drucker-Prager屈服准则反映土体的弹塑性损伤状态。该方法的非局部近似特性可以有效地模拟从剪切带起始到发生滑坡的整个大变形损伤破坏过程。通过典型算例验证了方法的有效性,并研究了滑坡发生时间与降雨强度和初始饱和度的关系。     

垫衬补偿对含翘曲间隙L型层合板力学性能的影响研究

复合材料结构整体化制造中极易产生由固化变形引起的局部翘曲，该翘曲会显著削弱螺栓装配下复合材料结构的承载能力。通过试验和数值分析开展了垫衬补偿对含翘曲间隙L型层合板极限载荷恢复效率以及失效行为的影响研究。通过微观CT表征了含翘曲间隙L型层合板在螺栓装配后的损伤分布特征，并测试了其极限承载能力；对比分析了垫衬补偿对螺栓装配后含翘曲间隙L型层合板损伤和极限承载能力的影响；并借助数值分析手段定量地研究垫衬补偿对含翘曲间隙L型层合板承载能力恢复的影响机制。结果表明：紧固强制消除翘曲间隙会在螺栓装配区域和拐角处出现一定程度的分层损伤，其中拐角区域的分层损伤可能是促使加载过程分层快速扩展，并导致极限承载能力大幅下降的主要原因；垫衬补偿技术极大的减小了装配损伤的出现，尤其是避免了拐角区域分层损伤的快速扩展，有效提高含翘曲间隙复合材料结构的极限承载能力。     

粘塑性损伤模型模拟准超塑性单轴拉伸行为

发展了Chaboche粘塑性本构模型的大变形隐式算法，用损伤(DM)和无损伤(NDM)模型模拟准超塑性单轴拉伸。发现变形过程可分为三个阶段：均匀变形、颈缩发展、断裂破坏阶段。DM可准确模拟前两个阶段变形，NDM只能较好地模拟均匀变形阶段，表明DM可以较精确地描述稳定发展的动态过程。由于有限元方法只能描述连续介质，因此对于断裂破坏阶段，NDM模拟载荷大于试验结果，DM的载荷小于试验结果，这是由高应变速率敏感性造成。DM能够描述试验中出现地多处颈缩现象，局部应变速率分布随时间演化反映了颈缩发展程度。严重颈缩部位的距离代表着超塑性变形能力，距离越大，抗颈缩能力越好。     

功能梯度材料扁锥壳的热弹性大变形分析

研究了功能梯度材料扁薄锥壳在横向非均匀升温场中的几何非线性大变形问题.基于von Kármán几何非线性理论推导出了以中面位移为基本未知量的功能梯度扁薄锥壳在横向非均匀热载荷作用下的轴对称大挠度控制方程.采用打靶法数值求解所得非线性常微分方程边值问题,得到了锥壳的大挠度弯曲变形数值解.给出了锥壳的变形与其形状参数、载荷和材料参数等变化的特征关系曲线,分析和讨论了温度参数和材料梯度变化参数对变形的影响.     

四辊轧机辊系变形分析的有限元方法

采用有限元方法求解四辊轧机辊系变形问题,由于在工作辊及支承辊之间存在着未知接触压力和位移因而该问题无法用简单方法求解;根据辊系变形与受力的特殊性对方程进行变换可解出辊系各点位移,从而实现对辊系变形及辊缝形状进行较为准确的预报及控制。     

Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢的高温拉伸变形特性分析

利用热/力模拟试验机,对Cr15Mn9Cu2Ni1N不锈钢进行了950℃~1200℃高温范围内的拉伸试验;采用有限元方法对试样的均匀变形过程进行了分析。高温拉伸过程中,试样在达到最大应力后并不立即颈缩,而是还要经历一段宏观均匀变形后才颈缩。分析结果表明:最大应力之后,试样端部区域等效应力降低,横截面积收缩量减小,而中心区域横截面积收缩量增大,形成了潜在颈缩区;在应变速率敏感性的作用下,潜在颈缩区的变形抗力随应变速率的增大而增加,使变形不能在该区域集中,而转向其它位置,保持了试样的宏观均匀变形,且颈缩未在最大应力后立即发生;在高温拉伸条件下,材料应变速率敏感性的增大是颈缩延迟发生的主要原因,随着变形温度升高,应变速率敏感性增大,也使得试样颈缩前的均匀变形量增大。     

对薄壁衬套装配后内孔与轴配合间隙的研究

机械工程中薄壁衬套装配变形是个不可忽视的问题,因为这种变形将直接影响机械孔与轴的配合间隙.本文运用弹性力学及机械设计理论对薄壁衬套的装配变形量进行了系统的计算、分析及研究,提出一组薄壁衬套装配后孔轴配合间隙的计算公式,该组公式可供机械设计及制造工程技术人员参考使用.     

考虑晶体滑移面分解正应力的细观损伤模型

材料内部的解理、滑移面剥离等细观损伤是引起宏观失效的根源, 从细观尺度研究损伤的发生和发展有助于深入认识材料的变形和失效过程. 本文基于晶体塑性理论, 从滑移系的受力和变形出发研究材料的细观损伤, 建立了考虑滑移面分解正应力的细观损伤模型, 为晶体材料解理断裂的分析提供了新方法. 首先, 在晶体弹塑性变形构型的基础上引入损伤变形梯度张量的概念, 从变形运动学着手建立了考虑损伤能量耗散的本构方程, 并推导了塑性流动方程与损伤演化方程; 然后, 建立了相应的数值计算方法, 给出了应力与状态变量的更新算法, 推导了Jacobian矩阵的表达式; 接着, 以$[100]$取向的单晶铜材料为例, 通过有限元计算与试验结果的对比, 并采用粒子群优化算法标定了11个材料细观参数; 最后, 将所提细观损伤模型应用于RVE单轴拉伸过程的模拟, 得到了考虑损伤影响的应力应变曲线, 并分析了材料的塑性流动与损伤演化过程. 结果表明, 本文所提模型能够计算材料在受载过程中的损伤累积效应, 合理反映晶体材料的细观损伤机理.      

HC轧机辊间接触与辊系变形的Taylor级数多极边界元数学规划解析

分析HC轧机辊间接触分布和辊系弹性变形对于改善辊间压力分布状态,减少轧故褂檬倜案纳瓢逍畏浅Ｖ匾?醯捎诩扑懔亢艽?使用传统数值方法(有限元法或边界元法)分析辊间接触和辊系变形是非常困难的.本文描述了一种基于点-面接触模型的三维弹性接触Taylor级数多极边界元法,给出了数学规划解析方法,适合大规模弹性接触问题的求解....     

双相钢板料的单向拉伸断裂失效研究(Ⅰ)——数字图像相关技术试验

通过数字图像相关技术试验研究了双相钢平板单向拉伸试件的拉伸变形和断裂失效过程,与理论结果对比分析了集中性失稳带的分布和方向.试验研究结果表明,试件的变形过程包括均匀变形、分散性失稳、集中性失稳和拉断4个阶段;集中性失稳的区域呈"×"形分布,与加载方向约成57°;起裂点位于局部颈缩截面的中心点处;双相钢的延伸率为18%.     

Local contact characteristics of threaded surfaces in a planetary roller screw mechanism

Abstract

This study investigates the local contact characteristics of the threaded surface meshing of a planetary roller screw mechanism (PRSM). First, according to the threaded surface structure and threaded surface meshing characteristics, expressions for the principal curvature and principal direction of the contact ellipse at a contact point are derived based on the differential geometry theory. Next, based on a force analysis and threaded surface equations, an analytical model is established to calculate the dimensions and principal vector direction of contact ellipses on threaded surfaces. The elastic deformation and maximum contact stress are determined using Hertz elastic contact theory. Then, finite element (FE) numerical models for a single pair of threads at the screw–roller interface and the roller–nut interface are developed to calculate the contact area and maximum contact stress. The results are compared with those of the analytical model to demonstrate the validity of the analytical model. Finally, based on the analytical model proposed in this article, the local contact characteristics of threaded surfaces with various thread pitches, flank angles, and profile radii of roller threads are analyzed in detail.     

Strength-optimal running surface contour for track links

The various stresses resulting from weight, driving and tracking forces are transmitted over the contact point between track roller and track link running surface which is, compared with the dimensions of a track-type undercarriage, very small. The design of this contact point and hence the running surface profile of a track link, therefore, is particularly important. References were analyzed with the aim of discussing theoretical diversions on contact problems between plain and curved bodies to get the basis for an optimized design of the running surface profile of track-type undercarriages. Therefore stresses at point and line contact, i.e. for curved and plane running surfaces, are compared by Hertz' theory. In the case of line contact, the maximum Hertzian stress and thus also the maximum effective stresses strongly depend on the actual tilted position of the track roller to the track link running surface. The lowest stress is applied in the case of ideal line contact which is only theoretically interesting. Already at small angles of misalignment, the stresses for line contact are higher than for point contact. In field operation, at constantly changing angles of misalignment, the edge stresses cause the formation of curved running surfaces due to plastic deformation. If track links are already designed with such a running surface contour, the result will be constant stresses over the whole service life which are largely independent of the angle of misalignment avoiding excessive stresses caused by roller misalignments.     

柔性套管约束下轴心受压杆件的屈曲分析

针对柔性套管约束杆件,研究了轴压杆件与约束杆件点、线接触时的约束屈曲．在小挠度变形假设下,根据轴压杆件与约束杆件满足变形协调条件的二阶平衡微分方程,推导了轴压杆件挠度、轴向位移、接触反力的计算公式,并且由轴向压力唯一确定了线接触的长度．算例分析表明：当约束杆件刚度较小时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较大；当约束杆件刚度较大时,轴压杆件弯曲产生的轴向位移较小,该轴向位移与文献中的大挠度解吻合很好,从而得出小挠度变形假设是合理的．     

大型三排滚柱回转支承承载能力和寿命分析

针对两种不同类型的滚子，研究了大型三排滚柱回转支承承载能力和疲劳寿命．首先，通过理论推导滚子和滚道之间的变形量，并数值模拟轴承滚子和滚道之间的接触应力分布，从而推导滚子的寿命．计算结果显示，圆柱滚子的端部应力较大，而异形修正滚子最大应力出现在接触中心处，端部应力在数值上远小于圆柱滚子．通过等效应力的计算，在载荷较低时，圆柱滚子的疲劳寿命高于修正滚子；当载荷较大时，异形修正滚子的疲劳寿命明显高于圆柱滚子．     

The 3-D boundary element method of roller bearing by plate element analogue

The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middle rolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodies contact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensional elastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structural characteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are described by elastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on the internal ring. The discontinuous traction problem of the contact element can be dealt with by the traction sub-element method. Therefore the contact problem can be changed from one of multi-bodies to one of two-bodies. As an elastic deformation of the plate element, it can be calculated by an elastic contact formula and is regarded as an equivalent gap to be put into the total matrix equality. The face-to-face contact condition of displacement and traction on the element will serve as the convergence judging condition. So convergence solution can be obtained before any geometry inconsistent on the contact element may take place. Therefore, the three-dimensional distribution of load of the mill roller bearing can be achieved. It has been proved that the calculating model of this method is visualized and simple, has fast convergence solution and higher accuracy, making it an effective numerical method of designing and analyzing load characteristics of the mill roller bearing. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50075075).     

供油量对对数滚子弹流润滑特性的影响研究

针对现有的凸度设计研究没有考虑供油量因素的现状，研究了供油量对对数滚子弹流润滑特性的影响，指出:在轴向中部，对数滚子的乏油润滑特性与无限长线接触弹流的乏油润滑特性相似；在轴向端部，当供油量较小时，膜厚较小且轴向颈缩不明显；随供油量的增加，膜厚沿滚子轴线方向逐渐由中部向端部增大，轴向颈缩逐步建立，直至形成膜厚的端部闭合效应达到充分供油润滑. 在供油量由乏油到充分供油的变化过程中，压力的边缘效应趋于显著. 因此，充分供油条件下的凸度设计结果不能直接用于乏油工况，乏油时需要的凸度量将小于充分供油润滑的凸度量.      

Simulation of soil compaction with vibratory rollers

The combination of a vibratory roller and soil represents a closed-loop system. For the reactions of this system, differences between reasons and effects cannot be stated separately. By means of modelling and simulation, the vibrating behaviour as well as the compaction effect of vibratory rollers is investigated. For the representation of the interdependencies between roller and soil during compaction a calculation model is developed, consisting of two models. One is an analytical model for the roller and the other is a model which describes the qualities of the soil, relevant to compaction. When defining the mathematical model, the non-linearities of roller motion and ground deformation are considered through a distinction between bounce and contact operation as well as between elastic and non-elastic ground deformation. Simulation results verify that the calculation model for the roller/soil system is suitable for mathematically determining the vibration behaviour and the compaction effect of the roller. The simulation accordingly permits the computer-based trial of closed loops to optimize automatically the constructional and operational roller parameters. Furthermore, the quality of goal-directed design of vibratory rollers can be enhanced before prototypes are built. Expensive iteration loops between design and experiment can, therefore, be avoided.     

碳纤维束-圆辊细观接触行为研究

为探索碳纤维束-圆辊的接触机制,本文中采用自制摩擦模拟试验装置,结合薄膜压痕法分析了纤维束接触部位的三维(3D)表面形貌,研究了预加张力和接触角度对碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积的影响规律. 结果表明:碳纤维束-圆辊接触面内的纤维束取向度是影响接触面积的关键因素,当接触角度从60°增加到170°时,纤维束取向度逐渐减小,碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积也逐渐减小,且接触角度为60°时的接触面积是170°时的22倍;当预加张力从0.19 N增加到1.47 N时,纤维束取向度逐渐增大,碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积逐渐增大,且预加张力为1.47 N时的接触面积是0.19 N时的2倍. 在Hertz接触理论的基础上,考虑纤维束取向度建立碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积的理论预测模型,通过试验数据验证了该模型能够准确预测碳纤维束-圆辊的接触面积.      

公路黄土地基处治前后沉降变形分析

在湿陷性黄土地区,黄土作为高速公路地基的主要原料其强度和变形特性不能满足要求,主要有振动碾压、冲击碾压和强夯3种有效且实用的处治方法。本文根据原位试验和室内试验的数据,进行有限元模拟,在不同高度路堤和不同加载方式情况下,地基沉降变形随着处治能级的增加而减小,路堤本身的沉降保持不变。对于地基处理的深度和沉降变形减小的效果,强夯最好,冲碾次之,振碾最弱。处治前后地表中心沉降变形值与加载路堤高度之间的关系均可用二阶多项式回归拟合。2～4m高的路堤采用振碾的方式处理地基,5～10m高的路堤采用冲碾方法,大于10m的路堤多用强夯或者直接修桥来代替,对于黄土地区高速公路建设与维护具有重要意义。     

Direction of crack growth initiation in roller contact: strain energy density criterion

Small defects or cracks near the surface of roller contact could spread and lead to failure at large. Their growth behavior depends on the rolling load, size and orientation of the initial defects, and material property in addition to friction at the contacting surfaces. Stress intensity factors K₁and K₂ are obtained for three different crack types near the surface between the roller and contacting solid. Various possible directions of crack growth initiation are obtained as the different roller loads are moved relative to the crack. The results are indicative of railway failure observed in service and are helpful to future studies on subcritical and/or critical crack growth.