单自由度系统的爆炸地震演变响应

提出了一个单自由度结构系统爆炸地震随机地面振动演变响应的理论分析方法。根据爆炸地震效应的特点 ,建立了一个地面运动激励模型 ,并以TNT炸药爆炸实验测试结果为实例 ,讨论了模型中相关基本参数的确定方法及其结果。在给定结构固有频率和阻尼系数条件下 ,得到了单自由度系统的爆炸地震位移响应功率演变谱和均方根位移理论解。与在一个混凝土基座上的测试结果进行对比表明 ,得到的理论均方根位移具有较好的预测精度。     

带TLD结构基于Davenport谱随机风振响应分析和风荷载取值的复模态法

对带TLD控制系统的高层建筑随机风振响应和等效静态设计风载取值问题进行了系统研究。针对主体结构用第一振型展开所得方程为非经典阻尼和非对称结构运动方程,用复模态理论解耦,并利用随机振动理论获得结构风振响应解析式,建立了将结构分解为一系列等效单自由度体系的一般方法,继而利用等效单自由度体系随机风振响应的解析解,获得了带TLD结构基于现行规范Davenport谱随机风振响应和等效静态设计风载的解析解,并给出算例,从而建立了非经典阻尼非对称被动控制结构基于Davenport谱随机风振响应和风载取值的一般解析方法。由于获得解析解,故本文方法可用于带TMD、TLD等结构基于动力可靠度约束的抗风优化设计。此外,由于建立了将结构分解为一系列等效单自由度体系的一般方法,利用等效单自由度体系与抗震反应谱的关系,本文方法还可用于非经典阻尼非对称被动控制结构基于抗震反应谱的地震作用取值。     

高速铁路连续梁桥的共振响应与振动控制研究

以液体粘滞阻尼器为振动控制外部装置，主桥采用欧拉伯努利梁，通过中国和谐号动车组CRH380AL、日本新干线Shinkansen700和欧洲高速列车HSLMA8三种不同类型的高速列车对比，模拟分析了高速列车作用下桥梁结构共振响应的影响因素，以及粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数与安装位置对桥梁结构振动响应的减振效果。研究结果表明，（1）合理有效地布置列车荷载轴距，可使桥梁结构发生基频共振的列车时速在运营时速之外，避免了桥梁结构发生较大振动峰值响应，即桥梁结构的基频共振；（2）随着粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的增大，桥梁的加速度峰值在列车不同时速下均在减少，对桥梁振动有着不同程度的减振效果；（3）通过合理安置液体粘滞阻尼器，可有效降低高速列车作用下桥梁结构的共振响应；（4）随着粘滞阻尼器与主梁的连接点位置逐渐远离支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果逐渐明显；（5）随着粘滞阻尼器与桥台的连接点位置逐渐靠近支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果略有提升，但不明显。     

多自由度Maxwell阻尼器减震结构(Ⅰ)——随机响应特性

对多自由度带支撑Maxwell粘滞阻尼器减震结构的随机响应特性进行了系统研究。建立了结构一般运动方程;将运动方程按原结构振型展开,将运动方程化为振型广义坐标的微分和积分混合地震响应方程组;基于多自由度随机平均法理论,获得了结构随机平均It方程组的解析式,推导出耗能结构各振型振子的振幅与相位瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态响应方差的一般解析解;根据SRSS组合方法,给出了耗能结构随机地震响应方差的一般解析式,从而建立了此类耗能结构随机响应特性分析的完备解析解法。     

非粘滞阻尼系统时程响应分析的精细积分方法

考虑一个具有非粘滞阻尼特性的多自由度系统响应的时程分析问题.该非粘滞阻尼模型假设阻尼力与质点速度的时间历程相关,数学表达式体现为阻尼力等于质点速度与某一核函数的卷积.在利用状态空间方法将系统运动方程转换成一阶的状态方程的基础上,采用精细积分方法对状态方程进行数值求解,得到一种求解该阻尼系统时程响应的精确、高效的计算方法.通过两个数值算例表明,采用该方法得到几乎精确的数值计算结果,而且计算效率有成数量级的提高.     

用MATLAB进行单自由度系统机械振动试验

 分析单自由度阻尼系统受迫机械振动特性，建立数学模型，利用MATLAB对其进行仿真试验， 进行定量分析，试验结果得出振动方程解析解，并用几何方式描述了振动方程和幅频特性.     

基于Volterra积分方程Taylor展开的卷积型非粘滞阻尼系统响应的时程分析方法

考虑一个具有卷积型非粘滞阻尼特性的多自由度系统响应的时程分析问题。非粘滞阻尼模型假设阻尼力与质点速度的时间历程相关,数学表达式为阻尼力等于质点速度与某一核函数的卷积,该模型为常用的粘滞阻尼模型的一般化形式。以一种在特定区间内求解第二类Volterra方程的Taylor展开法为基础,对所分析时段中各时间点的响应函数逐步作Taylor展开,代入卷积核来消去运动方程的积分项,通过求解推导出的时变线性方程组完成对卷积型阻尼模型系统的时程响应分析。数值算例验证了该方法的有效性。该方法增大时间步长可以大幅减少计算量,计算精度有所下降。     

高速铁路连续梁桥的共振响应与振动控制研究

以液体粘滞阻尼器为振动控制外部装置,主桥采用欧拉伯努利梁,通过中国和谐号动车组CRH380AL、日本新干线Shinkansen700和欧洲高速列车HSLMA8三种不同类型的高速列车对比,模拟分析了高速列车作用下桥梁结构共振响应的影响因素,以及粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数与安装位置对桥梁结构振动响应的减振效果。研究结果表明,(1)合理有效地布置列车荷载轴距,可使桥梁结构发生基频共振的列车时速在运营时速之外,避免了桥梁结构发生较大振动峰值响应,即桥梁结构的基频共振;(2)随着粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的增大,桥梁的加速度峰值在列车不同时速下均在减少,对桥梁振动有着不同程度的减振效果;(3)通过合理安置液体粘滞阻尼器,可有效降低高速列车作用下桥梁结构的共振响应;(4)随着粘滞阻尼器与主梁的连接点位置逐渐远离支座,粘滞阻尼器的减振效果逐渐明显;(5)随着粘滞阻尼器与桥台的连接点位置逐渐靠近支座,粘滞阻尼器的减振效果略有提升,但不明显。     

一种利用复阻尼理论计算结构自由振动响应的数值方法

复阻尼理论的运动方程通解中包含有发散项,导致结构自由振动响应不能稳定收敛。在复阻尼理论的频域微分方程基础上,修正阻尼项,进而得到滞变阻尼理论表达式,可保证结构自由振动时程计算结果的稳定性。针对滞变阻尼理论的特点,本文依据正弦函数的希尔伯特变换,提出了相应的时程计算方法,可有效计算滞变阻尼理论下结构的自由振动响应。算例分析表明:基于滞变阻尼理论的结构自由振动响应是稳定收敛的,且与黏性阻尼理论计算结果近似相等;相比基于滞变阻尼理论的直接积分法,本文方法具有计算过程简单和计算量小的优点。     

线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构地震反应分析与优化

振动方程阻尼矩阵对于布置了阻尼器框架结构的振型不再具有正交性,传统的振型解耦法已不再适合于该振动方程的求解。本文采用状态方程直接积分法,研究了线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构的地震响应,并与SAP2000有限元软件的分析结果进行了对比,两者误差在5%以内;本文也探讨了阻尼器布置方式对框架结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:减震结构布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角减小较显著;但未布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角较大,甚至会出现层间位移角超过传统抗震结构相应值的现象,因此粘滞阻尼器在结构中应连续布置,不宜在结构中间断;当粘滞阻尼器在结构各楼层均匀布置时,结构各楼层最大位移反应相对传统抗震结构降低很多,约为抗震结构的20%~40%,减震效果较显著,但各楼层阻尼系数可根据均匀布置阻尼器的结构层间位移角优化;阻尼系数优化后,结构各楼层层间位移角差别减小,较为均匀。本文最后提出了线性粘滞阻尼耗能结构地震作用的实用计算方法。     

基于VOF方法的圆柱箱体中液体晃动阻尼计算

对于部分充液箱体中液体小幅晃动问题,自由液面处的黏性耗散是总阻尼的重要组成部分.影响液体晃动阻尼的因素很多,导致阻尼计算的精度有限,为了提高阻尼的计算精度,提出了一种基于流体体积组分方法的阻尼计算方法. 采用该方法求解阻尼时,可以满足所有壁面的黏性无滑移条件,计算出具体的阻力值而不是一个范围.运用该方法的阻尼计算结果与已发表的试验结果更加吻合,特别是在液高比h/R<1时.      

On modelling and linear vibrations of arbitrarily sagged inclined cables in a quiescent viscous fluid

A theory of free linear vibrations of arbitrarily sagged inclined cables in a viscous fluid is presented in the framework of the heavy fluid loading concept. The static equilibrium shape of the cable is found by using the model of inextensible catenary and the validity ranges of this approximation are assessed. The dynamics of the viscous fluid is described by the linearised Navier–Stokes equations and their solution is pursued analytically by formulating the fluid field variables via potential functions. The vibration problem of a submerged cable is solved by Galerkin's method and the modal added mass and modal viscous damping coefficients are calculated. As a prerequisite for this analysis, the free vibrations of a cable in vacuum are addressed and a very good agreement with known results is observed. The physical interpretation of the dependence of modal added mass and modal damping coefficients on the ‘design variables’ for a fluid-loaded cable is given and the possible extensions of the suggested theory to capture weakly nonlinear effects are highlighted.     

The Opposing Effect of Viscous Dissipation Allows for a Parallel Free Convection Boundary-Layer Flow Along a Cold Vertical Flat Plate

External free convection boundary-layer flows are usually treated by neglecting the effect of viscous dissipation. This assumption always results in a non-parallel flow, besides a strong parallel component also a weak transversal component of the (steady) velocity field occurs. The present paper shows, however, that the weak opposing effect of the buoyancy forces due to heat release by viscous dissipation, can give rise along a cold vertical plate adjacent to a fluid saturated porous medium to a strictly parallel steady free convection flow. This boundary-layer flow is described by an algebraically decaying exact analytical solution of the basic balance equations.     

Asymptotic Analysis of Viscous Fluctuations in Turbulent Boundary Layers

A two-dimensional boundary layer of an incompressible viscous fluid is investigated in the presence of velocity and pressure fluctuations. The characteristic Reynolds number is high and, as a consequence, the unsteady (turbulent) boundary layer is thin. An asymptotic approach is used to analyze the complete unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, which makes it possible to separate out the characteristic viscous and inviscid flow zones in the boundary layer and to solve the corresponding problems. The analytical expressions for the viscous fluctuations governed by the Hamel equation with a large value of the parameter are derived.     

Viscous fluid damping in a laterally oscillating finger of a comb-drive micro-resonator based on micro-polar fluid theory

Viscous damping is a dominant source of energy dissipation in laterally oscillating micro-structures. In micro-resonators in which the characteristic dimensions are compa-rable to the dimensions of the fluid molecules, the assumption of the continuum fluid theory is no longer justified and the use of micro-polar fluid theory is indispensable. In this paper a mathematical model was presented in order to predict the viscous fluid damping in a laterally oscillating finger of a micro-resonator considering micro-polar fluid theory. The coupled governing partial differential equations of motion for the vibration of the finger and the micro-polar fluid field have been derived. Considering spin and no-spin boundary conditions, the related shape functions for the fluid field were presented. The obtained governing differential equations with time varying boundary conditions have been trans-formed to an enhanced form with homogenous boundary conditions and have been discretized using a Galerkin-based reduced order model. The effects of physical properties of the micro-polar fluid and geometrical parameters of the oscillat-ing structure on the damping ratio of the system have been investigated.     

Viscous and inviscid interactions of an oblique shock with a flexible panel

The complex self-sustained oscillations arising from the interaction of an oblique shock with a flexible panel in both the inviscid and viscous regimes have been investigated numerically. The aeroelastic interactions are simulated using either the Euler or the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled to the nonlinear von Karman plate equations. Results demonstrate that for a sufficiently strong shock limit-cycle oscillations emerge from either subcritical or supercritical bifurcations even in the absence of viscous separated flow effects. The critical dynamic pressure diminishes with increasing shock strength and can be much lower than that corresponding to standard panel flutter. Significant changes in panel dynamics were also found as a function of the shock impingement point and cavity pressure. For viscous laminar flow above the panel without a shock, high-frequency periodic oscillations appear due to the coupling of boundary-layer instabilities with high-mode flexural deflections. For a separated shock laminar boundary layer interaction, non-periodic self-excited oscillations arise which can result in a significant reduction in the extent of the time-averaged separation region. This finding suggests the potential use of an aeroelastically tailored flexible panel as a means of passive flow control. Forced panel oscillations, induced by a specified variable cavity pressure underneath the panel, were also found to be effective in reducing separation. For both inviscid and viscous interactions, the significant unsteadiness generated by the fluttering panel propagates along the complex reflected expansion/recompression wave system.     

Boundary condition formulation for viscous fluid flow problems

In the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations by difference methods in infinite regions, the question arises as to the nature of the approximate boundary conditions at those portions of the computational region boundary where these conditions are not determined directly by the formulation of the basic problem. In certain cases of practical importance, these boundary conditions may be obtained by coupling the N-S equations with equations which are similar to the boundary-layer equations.In the present paper, we propose boundary conditions for the case of viscous incompressible fluid flow. Their application is illustrated for the problem of flow past the leading edge of a semi-infinite flat plate.The author wishes to thank I. Yu. Brailovskaya and L. A. Chudov for helpful suggestions in the course of this investigation.     

Unsteady layered vortical fluid flows

An exact time-dependent solution of the system of Navier–Stokes equations governing large-scale viscous vortical incompressible flows is derived. The solution generalizes that describing the Couette flow. Two ways of preassigning the boundary conditions at the upper boundary of a fluid layer are considered. These are the time-dependent variation of the velocity value with the conservation of its direction and the variation of the angle at which the velocities parallel to the coordinate axes are directed. It is shown that at certain values of vorticity, viscosity, and the layer thickness the velocities within the layer can be severalfold greater than the given velocity at the boundary.     

Fundamentals of physics of fluid flow reconsidered

Recently, two significant defects of the state-of-the-art of theoretical fluid mechanics have been evidenced, namely the ambiguity of the Navier Stokes equations with respect to the viscous stress tensor, and the inconsistency of the Reynolds stress approach with the symmetry of the inertial tensor. Therefore, by means of two classical topics of fluid mechanics, namely the universal velocity profile and the laminar boundary layer, the physics of fluid flow are scrutinized. The validity of the so obtained results is tested at the example of an exact solution of the Navier Stokes equations, namely the diffusion of the circulation of an eddy.     

Aeroelastic dynamics stability of rotating sandwich annular plate with viscoelastic core layer

A dynamic model for a rotating sandwich annular plate with a viscoelastic core layer is developed. All fundamental equations and boundary conditions are established based on Hamilton’s principle, and the rotation effect and viscoelastic properties of the sandwich structure are taken into account. The aerodynamics force acting on the plate is described by a rotating damping model, and the constitutive behavior of the viscoelastic core layer is formulated by the frequency-dependent complex modulus. The effects of geometrical and material parameters on frequencies and damping of forward and backward traveling waves and the dynamic stability for the rotating sandwich plate are numerically analyzed by means of Galerkin’s method. The results show that the critical and flutter speeds of the rotating plate can be increased at some certain parameters of the viscoelastic core layer.