用格子Boltzmann方程模拟浅水波问题

提出了用格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ方程（ＬＢＥ）模拟浅水波问题的方法．通过无粘气体运动方程与浅水波方程的比较，确定了ＬＢＥ方法中平衡态的形式，使宏观方程与浅水波方程一致．计算了二维浅水波的一个问题，数值结果与精确解做了比较．     

载电流结构磁弹性屈曲的矢量势方法1）

强磁体特别是超导磁体中，线圈的磁弹性屈曲已成了该类磁体设计的中心问题．著名学者Ｋ．Ｍｉｙａ提出的基于矢量势的有限元方法，是解决复杂磁体屈曲问题的有效方法．但其中一个重要的基本关系——由于线圈变形引起的电流密度矢量方向的变化，Ｋ．Ｍｉｙａ并未解决．本文提出了由于变形导致的电流矢量方向变化的普遍表达式，从而完善了计算磁弹性屈曲问题的矢量势方法，使之适用于各类复杂磁体的计算．然后，具体计算了几个托卡马克超导环形场线圈的临界屈曲电流，并和Ｍｉｙａ的实验和数值结果进行了比较．结果是相当令人满意的     

粘弹流体轴对称流动的格子Boltzmann方法

基于BGK碰撞模型，通过在迁移方程中引入作用力项，建立了粘弹流体的轴对称格子Boltzmann模型．通过Chapman-Enskog展开，获得了准确的柱坐标下轴对称宏观流动方程．采用双分布函数对运动方程和本构方程进行迭代求解，模拟分析了粘弹流体管道流动，获得了流场中的速度和构型张量的分布，通过与解析解进行比较，验证了模型的准确性．研究了作为粘弹流体流动基准问题的收敛流动，对涡旋位置进行了定量分析，将回转长度的计算结果与有限体积法进行了比较，两种数值结果十分吻合．研究结果表明，模型能够准确表征粘弹流体的轴对称流动，具有较广阔的应用前景．     

铝粉湍流火焰诱导激波现象的实验研究

粉尘湍流火焰诱导激波问题是工业灾害研究中的重要课题．本文在自行设计的大型卧式燃烧管内，对铝粉火焰诱导激波现象进行了实验研究，测试了湍流火焰阵面前压缩波到激波的转捩过程，并将实验结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较．     

带形域内裂纹对SH波散射问题的边界元解

采用边界元法研究含裂纹的带形域各向同性弹性体，裂纹对SH波的散射问题，推导出带形域情况下不同边界条件的各种Green函数，导出了以裂纹张开位移为未知数的边界积分方程，计算出表面散射场和总位移．算例表明，利用所提供的格林函数和边界元格式解答带形域的散射问题比较方便．     

实心圆柱外表面受热冲击作用的轴对称平面应变热弹性动力学解

利用分离变量法，成功地给出了各向同性实心圆柱外表面受热冲击作用的轴对称平面应变热弹性动力学问题的解析解．运用此方法，可以避免积分变换且易于实现数值计算．在数值结果中，与拟静态问题和均匀热冲击情形进行了比较，表明惯性项对中心处应力响应影响不大，而热传导的过程能大大减低中心处的热应力．     

极坐标平面问题的四阶差分及应用

推导出了极坐标系下双调和方程的差分公式，用逐次超松弛迭代法求出圆板平面应力问题的差分解，并和解析解作比较，验证了差分公式的正确性，为解决圆域及其类似区域的平面问题提供了新方法．     

复合材料梁Ⅱ型裂纹的有限元分析

对三点弯曲梁端部层间裂纹的Ⅱ型断裂性能进行了有限元分析。为克服裂纹面两岸节点相互嵌入问题，采用了界面元素，计算结果与理论预测进行了比较．     

各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元法及实验验证

对前已建立的各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元计算模型进行了实验验证．用单向纤维增强光弹性复合材料模拟正交异性介质，用冲击加载，加载方向与纤维方向分别成0°，90°及45°角度，进行了正交异性动态光弹性实验及动态应变测量，并同时对该模型进行了时城边界元计算．将时域边界元方法计算出的应力分量代入正交异性动态光弹性的动态应力-光性定律，得到双折射条纹级数随时间的变化曲线，将其与动态光弹性实验的结果进行比较；此外，由动态电测获得的应变响应曲线推算出应力时程；与时城边界元计算出的应为响应曲线也进行了比较．两种情况下，时域边界元的计算成果均与实验成果吻合较好，从而证明该各向异性介质波动问题的时域边界元计算模型具有较好的精度及稳定性，可用于各向异性介质的动态问题特别是波传播问题的分析研究．     

用HLLC方法处理运动边界

针对含有运动边界非结构网格点的显式有限体积方法，研究了如何使用HLLC方法处理运动边界条件，计算了活塞拉伸、压缩问题，并和解析解进行了比较．作为应用示例，比较了静止圆柱绕流和静止流场中运动圆柱的绕流情形。结果表明：应用HLLC方法处理运动边界是可行的。     

The asymptotic solution of a dynamic buckling problem in elastic columns

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System level modeling of a transcritical vapor compression system for bistability analysis

This study seeks to understand the multiplicity of stable solutions in a transcritical hot water heat pump as it has been observed in prototype units that two steady states exist (very efficient and inefficient). Reduced order dynamic modeling highlights the state-dependent heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator dynamics as a contributing cause to this bistable phenomena. Specifically, the bilinear nature of the controlled gas cooler and its coupling to the dynamic nonlinearity in the evaporator induces a system-wide bifurcation in the equilibrium conditions with regard to system efficiency. Model results are presented to illustrate this, along with steady-state and dynamic data to confirm the accuracy of the model. Finally, the bifurcation behavior is presented which is comparable to the behavior found in the experiment. The contribution of this paper is a presentation of a dynamic phenomena in a real world application that has previously been unpublished. In addition to this, this paper motivates a reason for this phenomena from first principles. This is a preliminary step to gaining control over unwanted dynamics in this application by either nonlinear control or component redesign.     

Finite deformation pseudo-elasticity of shape memory alloys – Constitutive modelling and finite element implementation

In this paper we suggest a new phenomenological material model for shape memory alloys. In contrast to many earlier concepts of this kind the present approach includes arbitrarily large deformations. The work is motivated by the requirement, also expressed by regulatory agencies, to carry out finite element simulations of NiTi stents. Depending on the quality of the numerical results it is possible to circumvent, at least partially, expensive experimental investigations. Stent structures are usually designed to significantly reduce their diameter during the insertion into a catheter. Thereby large rotations combined with moderate and large strains occur. In this process an agreement of numerical and experimental results is often hard to achieve. One of the reasons for this discrepancy is the use of unrealistic material models which mostly rely on the assumption of small strains. In the present paper we derive a new constitutive model which is no longer limited in this way. Further its efficient implementation into a finite element formulation is shown. One of the key issues in this regard is to fulfil “inelastic” incompressibility in each time increment. Here we suggest a new kind of exponential map where the exponential function is suitably computed by means of the spectral decomposition. A series expansion is completely avoided. Finite element simulations of stent structures show that the new concept is well appropriate to demanding finite element analyses as they occur in practically relevant problems.     

Model order reduction for dynamical systems: A geometric approach

The aim of this paper is to ask the question as whether it is possible, for a given dynamical system defined by a vector field over a finite dimensional inner product space, to construct a reduced-order model over a finite dimensional manifold. In order to give a positive answer to this question, we prove that if the manifold under consideration is an immersed submanifold of the vector space, considered as ambient manifold, then it is possible to construct explicitly a reduced-order vector field over this submanifold. In particular, we found that the reduced-order vector field satisfies the variational principle of Dirac–Frenkel and that we can formulate the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition under this framework. Finally, we propose a local-point estimator of the time-dependent error between the original vector field and the reduced-order one.     

Experiment and modelling of birefringent flows using commercial CFD code

It is well-known that certain fluids are birefringent and when flows are viewed in polarised light interference fringes are observed. The fringes are caused by a phase shift in the light passing through the fluid and are proportional to the integral of the maximum shear strains in the fluid. In order to understand what is happening within the three dimensional flow and overcome the difficulties due to this integration, additional computational or experimental information is needed.

In this work, a commercially available computer code (Fluent) is used for the first time to model the flows. The flow data are then exported to a spreadsheet where the shear rates are integrated across the field and then banded for graphical output. The results from this are then compared to results generated from birefringent flow experiments and the agreement is found to be good since the modelled fringes show the same patterns as those in the experiment. This novel use of computational and experimental techniques together will allow quantitative analysis of three-dimensional flows in the future.

Currently, there are still a lot of empirical variables involved in fitting the computational fringes to the experiment, but the results of this preliminary study show that this is a promising approach to this type of problem.     

基于应变梯度理论的微尺度蜂窝等效模量计算方法

本文提出了一种新的能够计及尺度效应的微纳米蜂窝等效模量的计算方法。将一种单参数应变梯度理论引入到本构方程当中,并基于能量等效原理推导了蜂窝面内等效模量地计算公式。算例分析表明,本文方法能够有效地计及尺度效应对蜂窝等效模量的影响。尺度效应与胞壁厚度和长度的值都有关,当胞壁厚度较小时,尺度效应显著,本文方法预测的模量会明显高于传统方法;而当胞壁厚度较大时,尺度效应变得微弱乃至可以忽略不计。但如果胞壁的长度/厚度比很大,则面内等效模量会趋近于0,此时是否考虑尺度效应意义不大。     

Online terrain estimation for autonomous vehicles on deformable terrains

In this work, a terrain estimation framework is developed for autonomous vehicles operating on deformable terrains. Previous work in this area usually relies on steady state tire operation, linearized classical terramechanics models, or on computationally expensive algorithms that are not suitable for real-time estimation. To address these shortcomings, this work develops a reduced-order nonlinear terramechanics model as a surrogate of the Soil Contact Model (SCM) through extending a state-of-the-art Bekker model to account for additional dynamic effects. It is shown that this reduced-order surrogate model is able to accurately replicate the forces predicted by the SCM while reducing the computation cost by an order of magnitude. This surrogate model is then utilized in an unscented Kalman filter to estimate the sinkage exponent. Simulations suggest this parameter can be estimated within 4% of its true value for clay and sandy loam terrains. It is also shown in simulation and experiment that utilizing this estimated parameter can reduce the prediction errors of the future vehicle states by orders of magnitude, which could assist with achieving more robust model-predictive autonomous navigation strategies.     

Qualitative behaviors of the continuous-time chaotic dynamical systems describing the interaction of waves in plasma

In this paper, a new Lorenz-like chaotic system describing the interaction of three resonantly coupled waves in plasma is studied. Explicit ultimate boundedness and global attraction domain are derived according to stability theory of dynamical systems. The innovation of the paper is that this paper not only proves this chaotic system is globally bounded for the parameters of this system but also gives a family of mathematical expressions of global exponential attractive sets for this system with respect to the parameters of this system. Furthermore, the exponential rate of the trajectories is also obtained. Finally, numerical localization of attractor is presented.     

Introduction of turbulent model in a mixed finite volume/finite element method

The aim of this work is to present a new numerical method to compute turbulent flows in complex configurations. With this in view, a k-? model with wall functions has been introduced in a mixed finite volume/finite element method. The numerical method has been developed to deal with compressible flows but is also able to compute nearly incompressible flows. The physical model and the numerical method are first described, then validation results for an incompressible flow over a backward-facing step and for a supersonic flow over a compression ramp are presented. Comparisons are performed with experimental data and with other numerical results. These simulations show the ability of the present method to predict turbulent flows, and this method will be applied to simulate complex industrial flows (flow inside the combustion chamber of gas turbine engines). The main goal of this paper is not to test turbulence models, but to show that this numerical method is a solid base to introduce more sophisticated turbulence model.     

Domain reduction strategy for the stability analysis of complex aerodynamic flows

Stability analysis in the framework of fluid dynamics is often expressed in terms of a complex eigenvalue problem (EVP). The solution of this EVP describes underlying flow features and their stability characteristics. The main shortcoming of this approach is the high computational cost necessary to solve the EVP, limiting the applicability of this analysis to simple two-dimensional configurations. Many efforts have been focused on overcoming this limitation. Reducing the computational domain to encompass only those regions of physical interest may help alleviate the computational cost. However, the accuracy of the eigenmodes recovered from a reduced region needs to be carefully assessed. In this work, an in-depth analysis of the domain reduction (DR) strategy is presented, and an error estimation tool is provided. The applicability and limitations of this methodology are studied on the open-cavity problem. Next, the error estimation tool is exploited in the transonic buffet phenomenon on a NACA 0012 profile, giving valuable recommendations for the best use of this methodology. Finally, the DR strategy has been applied to investigate the asymmetries induced by jet cooling of turbine blades.