计算含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法

研究了可以计算处理包含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法.创建了无网格方法中由于大位移边界运动造成的不合要求点的判断标准,采用高效的填充方法实现点云重构,运用线性插值方法得到新点参数,实现了局部重构处理大位移动点.流场计算方面,在计算域自动布点基础上,采用曲线逼近计算导数及HLLC格式计算数值通量,发展了求解基于无网格的ALE方程组的算法.最后,对活塞问题进行了模拟,结果与解析解相吻合,验证了算法的准确性;另外,计算比较了气流流过静止圆柱以及圆柱在静止流场运动流场,结果表明方法是成功的.     

紧致插值曲线方法在流向强迫振荡圆柱绕流中的应用

利用紧致插值曲线(constrained interpolation profile method in Zhejiang University, CIP-ZJU) 数学模型, 对低科勒冈-卡朋特(Keulegan–Carpenter) 数KC 静止流体中振荡圆柱以及雷诺数Re = 200 时流向强迫振荡圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟. 模型在直角坐标系统下建立, 采用紧致插值曲线方法作为流场的基本求解器离散了纳维-斯托克斯方程, 基于多相流的理论实现流固耦合同步求解, 利用浸入边界方法处理固体边界. 模拟结果与现有文献结果进行比较, 二者吻合情况较好, 验证了此方法对于计算复杂流动问题的可靠性.      

高精度PPM格式在湍流燃烧中的应用

利用处理三维可压缩粘性流体流动问题中的沉浸边界法,并结合基于PPM方法的高精度TVD格式,对三维方形管道中部的圆柱火焰绕流及惰性气体绕流问题进行了数值模拟。计算湍流时采用大涡模拟(LES),化学反应速率采用EBU漩涡破碎模型。通过计算结果与实验结果的比较,发现高精度PPM格式能精确模拟两类圆柱绕流问题。计算中还发现,火焰圆柱绕流算例中,在火焰翻越圆柱前,由于燃烧的膨胀作用,使得火焰正面前的未燃气体流动并形成惰性气体绕流,这与无燃烧时的惰性气体绕流类似。但当火焰翻越圆柱过程中及完全翻越圆柱后,两种算例绕流流场出现明显变化。     

横向振荡圆柱绕流的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

基于格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对不可压横向振荡圆柱绕流问题进行了数值研究. 与传统的求解宏观的N-S方程的数值方法不同, LBM求解此类问题不需要采用动网格, 而且不需要对网格进行特殊处理, 从而节约了计算成本. 结果显示, 当振荡频率增加到相应的静止圆柱绕流的自然涡脱落频率附近时, 圆柱后最新形成的集中涡距离柱体越来越近, 直到达到一个极限位置. 随后, 集中涡突然转向圆柱体另一侧脱落. 当振荡频率接近于静止圆柱的自然涡脱落频率时, 发生频率同步的现象. 随着振荡频率远离自然涡脱落频率, 同步现象消失. 在几种次谐振荡和超谐振荡下, 尾流区的涡脱落频率仍为相应的静止圆柱绕流的自然涡脱落频率.      

含化学反应膛口流场的无网格数值模拟

基于无网格方法,对包含大位移运动边界和非平衡化学反应的膛口流场进行了数值模拟。所发展算法是基于线性基函数最小二乘显式无网格方法,忽略黏性及湍流的影响,对流场采用ALE(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)形式的Euler方程描述,对流通量和化学反应源项采用多组分HLLC(Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact)格式和有限速率反应模型计算,对于运动边界造成的点云畸形采用局部点云重构方法处理,重构过程中采用虚拟边阵面推进。对圆柱绕流和激波诱导燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,验证了重构方法和化学反应计算的有效性。最后对12.7 mm口径机枪膛口流场进行了模拟,结果同实验照片、非结构网格方法结果吻合较好,数值结果清晰地再现了膛口初始冲击波、膛口冲击波、欠膨胀射流波系结构的动力学发展过程,以及膛口焰的时间、空间分布特征。     

不可压粘性流体浸入边界直接力法及软件实现

浸入边界法通过在N-S方程中施加体积力模拟不可滑移固壁边界及动边界，避免生成复杂贴体网格及动网格，极大地节省了网格建模时间及动网格计算消耗。本文提出一种新型附加体积力简化计算方法，将简化附加体积力以源项形式嵌入动量方程迭代中，通过用户自定义函数对CFD软件FLUENT二次开发，实现了浸入边界法和通用流体力学求解器的耦合计算。通过静止圆柱和动圆柱绕流数值模拟进行了验证，并探讨了插值函数对计算精度的影响。研究表明，通过引入浸入边界模型，能够提高计算效率，并实现结构网格背景下复杂边界和动边界的高效建模。     

流向强迫振荡圆柱绕流的涡脱落模态分析

通过求解采用ALE方法描述的运动坐标系Navier-Stokes方程组，分析均匀来流下雷诺 数为150的静止和流向振荡的圆柱绕流. 主要研究了强迫振荡频率和较大振幅比 (A/D=0.3-1.2)对圆柱升力、阻力变化特性以及涡脱落模态的影响. 研究表 明，流向振荡圆柱绕流存在多种涡脱落模态，如对称S以及反对称A-I, A-III, A-IV等多种形式；比较研究结果，拓展了各模态下对应的锁定区域，并将其分为5个 子区；A-I模态中圆柱受力较以前所知更复杂；通过分析计算结果，发现最大加速度 比Af_{c}^{2}/Df_{s0}^{2}可能是涡脱落模态(尤其是对称S模态)最有效的控制参数.     

基于反馈力浸入边界法模拟复杂动边界流动

浸入边界法是模拟流固耦合的重要数值方法之一。本文采用反馈力浸入边界方法,对旋转圆柱和水轮机活动导叶旋转摆动绕流后的动边界流场进行数值模拟。其中,固体边界采用一系列离散的点近似代替,流体为不可压缩牛顿流体,使用笛卡尔自适应加密网格,利用有限差分法进行求解。固体对流场的作用通过构造适宜的反馈力函数实现。本文首先通过旋转圆柱绕流的计算结果同实验结果进行对比,吻合较好,验证了该计算方法的可靠性。然后针对水电站水力过渡过程中水轮机活动导叶旋转摆动绕流后的动边界流场进行数值模拟,得到导叶动态绕流后的流场分布特性和涡结构的演化特性。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的粘弹性流体圆柱绕流分析

将光滑界面法引入到格子Boltzmann方法中分析粘弹性流体绕流问题，分别采用单松弛模型和对流扩散模型求解运动方程和Oldroyd-B本构方程，针对圆形和椭圆内部边界条件，给出连续界面插值函数，在此基础上，运用光滑界面法将内部边界转换为作用力项施加到演化方程中。首先分析圆柱绕流问题，给出不同材料参数情况下的流场分布和阻力系数计算结果，比较发现与宏观数值模拟结果相吻合。将模型拓展到绕椭圆流动中，分析椭圆形状和材料参数对粘弹性流体绕柱流的影响，发现随着椭圆长轴与短轴比值的增加和维森伯格数的增加，阻力系数逐渐下降，并且长短轴比对迭代收敛有较大影响。     

分块法研究圆柱绕流升阻力

 使用新的分块耦合方法，分别对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流进行了数值 模拟. 对于单圆柱绕流，低$Re$下计算所得到的定常涡尺寸与实验非常接近. 对于 串列双圆柱绕流，研究分析了改变双圆柱中心间距对上下游圆柱的升阻力系数和脉动频率所 产生的影响，计算结果与实验非常吻合，为进一步研究涡致振动提供了依据.     

Simulation of incompressible viscous flows around moving objects by a variant of immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method

A variant of immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann method (IB‐LBM) is presented in this paper to simulate incompressible viscous flows around moving objects. As compared with the conventional IB‐LBM where the force density is computed explicitly by Hook's law or the direct forcing method and the non‐slip condition is only approximately satisfied, in the present work, the force density term is considered as the velocity correction which is determined by enforcing the non‐slip condition at the boundary. The lift and drag forces on the moving object can be easily calculated via the velocity correction on the boundary points. The capability of the present method for moving objects is well demonstrated through its application to simulate flows around a moving circular cylinder, a rotationally oscillating cylinder, and an elliptic flapping wing. Furthermore, the simulation of flows around a flapping flexible airfoil is carried out to exhibit the ability of the present method for implementing the elastic boundary condition. It was found that under certain conditions, the flapping flexible airfoil can generate larger propulsive force than the flapping rigid airfoil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A hybrid immersed‐boundary and multi‐block lattice Boltzmann method for simulating fluid and moving‐boundaries interactions

A numerical method is developed for modelling the interactions between incompressible viscous fluid and moving boundaries. The principle of this method is introducing the immersed‐boundary concept in the framework of the lattice Boltzmann method, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation by refining the mesh near moving boundaries. Besides elastic boundary with a constitutive law, the method can also efficiently simulate solid moving‐boundary interacting with fluid by employing the direct forcing technique. The method is validated by the simulations of flow past a circular cylinder, two cylinders moving with respect to each other and flow around a hovering wing. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by the numerical studies including elastic filament flapping in the wake of a cylinder and fish‐like bodies swimming in quiescent fluid. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Moving Boundary Problem for Diffusion Release of Drug from a Cylinder Polymeric Matrix

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An SPH model for free surface flows with moving rigid objects

This paper presents a computational model for free surface flows interacting with moving rigid bodies. The model is based on the SPH method, which is a popular meshfree, Lagrangian particle method and can naturally treat large flow deformation and moving features without any interface/surface capture or tracking algorithm. Fluid particles are used to model the free surface flows which are governed by Navier–Stokes equations, and solid particles are used to model the dynamic movement (translation and rotation) of moving rigid objects. The interaction of the neighboring fluid and solid particles renders the fluid–solid interaction and the non‐slip solid boundary conditions. The SPH method is improved with corrections on the SPH kernel and kernel gradients, enhancement of solid boundary condition, and implementation of Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model. Three numerical examples including the water exit of a cylinder, the sinking of a submerged cylinder and the complicated motion of an elliptical cylinder near free surface are provided. The obtained numerical results show good agreement with results from other sources and clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented meshfree particle model in modeling free surface flows with moving objects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive mesh refinement for simulating fluid-structure interaction using a sharp interface immersed boundary method

In this article, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is performed to simulate flow around both stationary and moving boundaries. The finite-difference approach is applied along with a sharp interface immersed boundary (IB) method. The Lagrangian polynomial is employed to facilitate the interpolation from a coarse to a fine grid level, while a weighted-average formula is used to transfer variables inversely. To save memory, the finest grid is only generated in the local areas close to the wall boundary, and the mesh is dynamically reconstructed based on the location of the wall boundary. The Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved through the second-order central difference scheme in space and the third-order Runge-Kutta time integration. Flow around a circular cylinder rotating in a square domain is firstly simulated to examine the accuracy and convergence rate. Then three cases are investigated to test the validity of the present method: flow past a stationary circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers, flow past a forced oscillating circular cylinder in the transverse direction at various frequencies, and a free circular cylinder subjected to vortex-induced vibration in two degrees of freedom. Computational results agree well with these in the literature and the flow fields are smooth around the interface of different refinement levels. The effect of refinement level has also been evaluated. In addition, a study for the computational efficiency shows that the AMR approach is helpful to reduce the total node number and speed up the time integration, which could prompt the application of the IB method when a great near-wall spatial resolution is required.     

Application of local DFD method to simulate unsteady flows around an oscillating circular cylinder

In this paper, the recently proposed local domain‐free discretization (DFD) method is applied to simulate incompressible flows around an oscillating circular cylinder. It is found that it is very easy for the local DFD method to handle such moving boundary flow problems. This is because it does not need to move the mesh, which is indeed needed in traditional methods. Numerical experiments show that the present numerical results agree very well with the available data in the literature, and that the local DFD method is an effective tool for the computation of moving boundary flow problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards simulation of flapping wings using immersed boundary method

In this work the immersed boundary method is applied to simulate incompressible turbulent flows around stationary and moving objects. The goal is to demonstrate that the immersed boundary technique along with a large eddy simulation approach is capable of simulating the effect of the so‐called leading edge vortex (LEV), which can be found in flapping wing aerodynamics. A Lagrangian method is used to approximate the solutions in the freshly cleared cells that lay within solid objects at one time step and emerge into fluid domain at the next time step. Flow around a stationary cylinder at Re_D = 20, 40, and 3900 (based on cylinder diameter D) is first studied to validate the immersed boundary solver based on the finite volume scheme using a staggered grid. Then, a harmonically oscillating cylinder at Re_D = 10 000 is considered to test the solver after the Lagrangian method is implemented to interpolate the solution in the freshly cleared cells. Finally, this approach is used to study flows around a stationary flat‐plate at several angles of attack and fast pitching flat‐plate. The rapidly pitching plate creates a dynamic LEV that can be used to improve the efficiency of flapping wings of micro air vehicle and to determine the optimum flapping frequency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在动网格上的多介质界面数值处理方法研究

运用动网格上的ALE方法对一维可压缩多介质Riemann问题进行求解，在处理介质界面 上的数值通量时提出了3种不同的数值方法：Lagrange方法、GFM和HLLC方法，并且对 这3种方法的数值结果进行了比较，认为GFM方法和HLLC方法在介质界面上出现大压力 梯度时能够明显消除界面上密度的非物理震荡，提高介质界面上数值解的精度.     

Computation of incompressible flows with immersed bodies by a simple ghost cell method

The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved by an implicit pressure correction method on Cartesian meshes with local refinement. A simple and stable ghost cell method is developed to treat the boundary condition for the immersed bodies in the flow field. Multigrid methods are developed for both velocity and pressure correction to enhance the stability and convergence of the solution process. It is shown that the spatial accuracy of the method is second order in L₂ norm for both velocity and pressure. Various steady and unsteady flows over a 2D circular cylinder and a 3D sphere are computed to validate the present method. The capability of the present method to treat a moving body is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.