一种抑制杂交元零能模式的假设应力场方法

基于杂交元位移场直接导出可以表示单元任意变形的简单变形模式,同时指出与所有假设应力模式正交的非零变形为零能机动模式,从而可以用简单变形模式方便地识别和抑制单元零能模式。在此基础上利用初始应力模式与简单变形模式的正交性提出一种假设杂交元应力场的有效方法,结合等函数法应力模式组成初始应力模式,不仅可以根据实际问题需要灵活地假设不同分布规律的应力场,而且所形成杂交元完全避免零能机动模式。在数值算例中采用本文方法分别形成了2D-4节点杂交元和3D-8节点杂交元的多种假设应力场,表明本文所提出方法是有效可行的。     

DEFORMATION RIGIDITY OF ASSUMED STRESS MODES IN HYBRID ELEMENTS

The new methods to determine the zero-energy deformation modes in the hybrid elements and the zero-energy stress modes in their assumed stress fields are presented by the natural deformation modes of the elements. And the formula of the additional element deformation rigidity due to additional mode into the assumed stress field is derived. Based on, it is concluded in theory that the zero-energy stress mode cannot suppress the zero-energy deformation modes but increase the extra rigidity to the nonzero-energy deformation modes of the element instead. So they should not be employed to assume the stress field. In addition, the parasitic stress modes will produce the spurious parasitic energy and result the element behaving over rigidity. Thus, they should not be used into the assumed stress field even though they can suppress the zero-energy deformation modes of the element. The numerical examples show the performance of the elements including the zero-energy stress modes or the parasitic stress modes.     

杂交元零能模式抑制的改进基本变形模式方法

基本变形模式方法是构造杂交元假设应力场的一种有效方法,但只给出了识别零能模式的必要条件.论文指出基本变形模式方法由于没有考虑耦合影响而存在应用上的局限,在此基础上利用柔度矩阵的正定性给出了判别零能机动模式的充要条件,并且通过内积向量无关性进一步完善了假设杂交元应力场的基本变形模式方法,可以适用于基本变形模式之间耦合的任...     

Axisymmetric solid-of-revolution elements based on the assumed stress hybrid model

A series of axisymmetric solid-of-revolution elements with 8-node and quadrilateral cross section have been developed based on the assumed stress hybrid model. A quadratic boundary displacement assumption is employed for each element and a variety of interior stress assumptions have been made. Two different kinds of procedure used for developing stress field have been studied. Example problems of a thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure and a thick-walled sphere under internal pressure are utilized to evaluate the various elements and a desirable stress assumption has been identified. Comparisons of present results with those obtained by the use of 8-node element based on the assumed displacement model indicate that this hybrid stress element is far superior in predicting the stress distribution.     

构造满足特征值要求的杂交元应力子空间

通过引进适当参数给出了杂交元应力空间特征值与参数之间的关系,从而可以通过调节参数来构造满足特征值即模态刚度要求的杂交元应力子空间。本在位移元本征应力模式基础上引进调节参数,同时,利用矩阵H对角化方法计算杂交元应力子空间的本征应力模式,然后由此方便有效地计算特征值,从而大大提高了计算效率。本通过建立Q4杂交应力元特征值与参数之间关系说明了这一方法是确定可行的。     

精化杂交压电固体单元的研究

基于力、电耦合问题的三类交量广义交分原理，提出了广义杂交压电单元列式。为了进一步改进单元的性能和保证单元能够通过分片检验，通过引入非协调模式、放松电学方程约束条件和单元间的弱连续性条件，建立了新的、修正的广义交分原理，在此基础上成功地引入了应力、应交的正交化插值模式，从而建立了精化杂交压电单元法，它继承了常规精化杂交单元的全部优点。文中所推导的八节点精化杂交压电固体单元列式完全避免了矩阵求逆运算，较广义杂交压电单元和杂交应力压电单元均显著提高了计算效率。数值算例表明，与同类型其他单元相比，该单元明显具有更好的对歪斜网格的适应性。     

杂交元本征应力模式和应力子空间的性质研究

详细讨论了有限元本征应力模式和应力子空间的性质，并着重讨论和进一步完善了与杂交应力有限元应力子空间有关的一些定理，为提出新方法提供了理论基础，主要包括：（1）证明了杂交元特征值不大于对应位移元的特征值；（2）证明了矩阵H非奇异的充分必要条件是假设应力模式线性无关；（3）证明了杂交元所对应位移元的本征应力模式形成的杂交元与该位移元相同；（4）证明了等价假设应力模式形成相同的杂交元；（5）证明了确定杂交元本征应力模式的充分必要条件是其范数平方等于所形成杂交元的变形模态特征值；（6）证明了杂交元假设应力模式与变形模态的能量一一对应的充分必要条件是假设应力模式彼此正交且与所对应位移元的本征应力模式除了一一对应者之外都正交。     

轴对称实体迴转杂交应力元

用杂交应力法导出一系列新的八节点、四边形轴对称实体迴转元,对每种元,边界二次位移插值函数相同,内部应力场各异,对两类不同选择假定应力场的方法进行了对比研究,以內压力作用下的厚壁筒及厚球为例,对各种应力场进行了数值比较,并选出了一种较好的元,该元给出了远较传统的八节点轴对称假定位移元准确的应力分布。     

THE STRESS SUBSPACE OF HYBRID STRESS ELEMENT AND THE DIAGONALIZATION METHOD FOR FLEXIBILITY MATRIX H

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基于六面体网格的向量式有限元分析及应用

基于向量式有限元基本原理,给出了八节点六面体等参实体单元的基本公式,通过投影方式将空间曲面六面体转换为投影六面体,采用参考面的逆向运动求解节点纯变形,通过单元形函的虚功方程计算节点内力;针对坐标模式和内力积分模式等关键问题提出了有效的处理方案。编制了六面体实体单元的数值计算程序,并进行工程结构算例分析。结果表明,所编制程序可有效模拟实体结构的静力、动力及大变形大位移行为分析,验证了本文理论和程序的正确性和实用性。     

On divergence-free stress fields and zero-energy stress functions in elasticity

Applying two identities for divergence-free non-symmetric and symmetric second-order tensors, novel type of first- and second-order stress functions are proposed for three-dimensional elasticity problems. It is shown that self-equilibrated but non-symmetric 3D stress fields can be generated by one first-order stress function vector, whereas a self-equilibrated and symmetric 3D stress field can be generated by one Airy-type second-order stress function. Assuming linearly elastic materials, the zero-energy modes of the stress functions introduced are derived and investigated. It is pointed out that the structure of the zero-energy modes of the proposed first-order stress function vector is the same as that of the rigid-body displacements in the linear theory of elasticity.     

Application of the quadrilateral area coordinate method： a new element for laminated composite plate bending problems

Recently, some new quadrilateral finite elements were successfully developed by the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate (QAC) method. Compared with those traditional models using isoparametric coordinates, these new models are less sensitive to mesh distortion. In this paper, a new displacement-based, 4-node 20-DOF (5-DOF per node) quadrilateral bending element based on the first-order shear deformation theory for analysis of arbitrary laminated composite plates is presented. Its bending part is based on the element AC-MQ4, a recent-developed high-performance Mindlin-Reissner plate element formulated by QAC method and the generalized conforming condition method; and its in-plane displacement fields are interpolated by bilinear shape functions in isoparametric coordinates. Furthermore, the hybrid post-processing procedure, which was firstly proposed by the authors, is employed again to improve the stress solutions, especially for the transverse shear stresses. The resulting element, denoted as AC-MQ4-LC, exhibits excellent performance in all linear static and dynamic numerical examples. It demonstrates again that the QAC method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post-processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10502028), the Special Foundation for the Authors of the Nationwide (China) Excellent Doctoral Dissertation (200242), and the Science Research Foundation of China Agricultural University (2004016).     

New mixed plate-bending elements with shear strain interpolations

This paper is concerned with two mixed plate-bending elements with shear strain interpolations, a quadrilateral element and an 8-node serendipity-type element based on discussions on the element proposed in Ref.[1]. The shear strains and inner-forces in the natural coordinates are interpolated in an element and then transformed into Cartesian coordinates in accordance with covariant and contravariant tensor transformations, respectively. The quadrilateral element coincides with the element in Ref.[1] when it is rectangular. Numerical examples show that the two new elements are free from shear locking and spurious kinematic modes under regular and irregular meshes and have the advantages of being insensitive to element distortion and able to give fairly accurate results.The Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

含多椭圆孔(核)复合材料加筋层板的应力集中研究

基于各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法,应用杂交变分原理建立了一种与常规有限元相协调的含任意椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元,采用该杂交应力有限元来描述层板的椭圆核区域,采用杆单元来描述加强筋(杆单元的刚度取为层板沿筋条方向的刚度),其余区域采用常规8节点等参单元进行模拟,建立起分析含多椭圆核复合材料加筋壁板问题的力学分析方法,详细讨论了椭圆核大小、位置、筋条尺寸、相对位置、铺层比例等诸参数的影响规律,得到了一些有益的结论。     

一类新的具有无外力圆柱表面的杂交应力元

根据Hellinger-Reissner原理,建立了进一步改进的具有一个无外力圆柱表面三维杂交应力元.元内假定应力场满足以柱坐标表示的平衡方程,及圆柱面上的无外力边界条件.当退化为二维时,也满足协调方程.数值算例表明,当分析带圆弧的槽孔板、块时,在稀疏的有限元网格下,这类单元即可提供较以前各类特殊元、一般假定位移元及一般假定应力元远为准确的三维及二维应力分布.     

变宽度板在拉伸和弯曲作用下的三维应力集中

根据一种修正的余能原理，建立了具有一个无外力圆柱面的三维杂交应力元，元内假定应力场满足三维柱坐标表示的平衡方程及无外力圆柱面上的外力边界条件；当元退化为二维时，也满足协调条件。单元位移场选择与相邻单元协调。数值算例表明这种特殊杂交应力元在相当粗的网格下，能十分有效地分析变宽度薄／厚板在拉伸与弯曲作用下的三维(及二维)应力集中。     

The stress subspace of hybrid stress element and the diagonalization method for flexibility matrixH

The following is proved: 1) The linear independence of assumed stress modes is the necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular flexibility matrix;2. ) The equivalent assumed stress modes lead to the identical hybrid element The Hilbert stress subspace of the assumed stress modes is established So, it is easy to derive the equivalent orthogonal normal stress modes by Schmidt’s method Because of the resulting diagonal flexibility matrix, the identical hybrid element is free from the complex matrix inversion so that the hybrid efficiency is improved greatly The numerical examples show that the method is effective.     

Introducing new cracked finite elements and a method for SIF calculation of cracks

Two different types of 8-node cracked quadrilateral finite element are presented for fracture applications. The first element contains a central crack and the other one includes an edge crack. The introduced elements are applicable in 2D problems. The crack is not physically modeled within the element, but instead, its effects on the stiffness matrix are taken into account by utilizing linear fracture mechanics laws. Furthermore, a simple and practical procedure is proposed for calculation of stress intensity factor (SIF) by employing proposed cracked elements. Several numerical examples are presented to evaluate the capabilities of the proposed elements and procedure.     

一种近场动力学非普通状态理论零能模式控制方法

近场动力学非普通状态理论在采用节点积分时将引起零能模式,造成位移场、应力应变场的数值不稳定性,影响计算精度甚至会导致完全错误的结果,因此必须对其进行控制.目前国际上还没有十分有效的零能模式控制方法.本文针对零能模式问题,提出了一种通用的、高效的控制方法.根据近场动力学线性键理论,确定非均匀变形对应弹性张量的具体形式,考虑了微模量随不同作用键的变化.通过最小位能原理推导出非均匀变形引起的力状态,结合近场动力学力状态,得到稳定力状态表达式.从而建立起基于线性键理论的稳定关联材料模型,并应用于含圆孔平板、三点弯试件线弹性变形和损伤破坏过程模拟.数值结果表明,本文模型能有效抑制近场动力学非普通状态理论中的零能模式现象.与已有零能模式控制方法相比,其物理意义明确,不包含控制参数,避免了复杂的零能模式参数调节过程,提高了计算效率.