考虑路径相关性的非比例循环塑性本构模型

根据非比例加载下金属材料响应的延迟特性及加载路径相关性,选取沿应力迹法向的塑性应变的累积量作为非比例加载影响的度量,相应给出反映非比例附加强化的变量,并假设其模量和强化率与加载路径的几何参数相关．为反映由于非比例加载而引起的材料强化的异向效应,在Valanis的塑性内时响应方程中引入与加载路径几何性质有关的应力项,构成非比例循环塑性本构关系．对316和304不锈钢材料在一些典型非比例循环加载路径下的应力响应进行了理论预测,与Benallal等及McDowell的实验结果取得了良好的一致．     

非比例循环塑性内时本构关系研究

在Valanis的内时本构理论的框架中,引入内结构张量以反映由于非比例加载而引起金属材料的附加等向强化及异向强化效应,同时提出材料强化程度的度量采用沿路径法线方向的塑性应变分量来描述.这些考虑的有效性已经通过用所建模型对304不锈钢材料在一些典型非比例循环加载路径下的响应进行的理论预测得到了验证;将该模型应用于U71Mn材料室温单轴棘轮行为描述中,结果显示内结构张量的引入不仅能较好地反映应变控制下的非比例附加效应,而且也能较好地反映应力控制下塑性应变的累积及变化率.     

基于塑性应变能复杂应力场非比例加载疲劳寿命分析

本文提出了一种以应变能预测多轴应变加载低周疲劳寿命的新方法,该方法最大特点假设疲劳裂纹是由最大剪应力和其相对应的正应力引起,解决了其他方法不能反映非比例强化的问题;该方法建立等效内应力、外加有效应力与塑性应变能的关系,从而分析得到基于塑性应变能的多轴非比例疲劳寿命的计算模型,及多轴疲劳寿命公式中材料参数确定、剪应力及其所在平面所对应的正应力、塑性应变能等的获取方法.凭借Al5083、S460N材料光滑试件、GH4169材料缺口件、Al5083焊接件的多轴非比例加载进行寿命预测的验证,证明该模型可以预测不同材料、不同加载路径下的多轴非比例应变加载低周疲劳寿命.     

率无关非比例循环弹塑性本构关系

正确地考虑了塑性应变空间中和非比例加载下的离散记忆特性，提出一种新的率无关非比例循环塑性本构关系，并给出了铜的理论预测值与实验结果的比较．     

非比例循环塑性和循环粘塑性本构描述的某些新进展

金属材料循环塑性本构方程和循环粘塑性本构方程是固体力学中近１０多年来一个十分重要的领域。本文评述了金属材料非比例循环塑性界限面本构理论、内时理论和循环粘塑性本构理论及其某些进展，对某些模型中非比例度定义，材料在复杂应变幅值历史、非比例循环加载历史以及其它历史下的强化规则和流动规则进行了分析与评价，在此基础上对循环本构理论的发展趋势提出自己的看法。     

准脆性材料的弹塑性各向异性损伤耦合本构模型研究

针对准脆性材料的非线性特征：强度软化和刚度退化、单边效应、侧限强化和拉压软化、不可恢复变形、剪胀及非弹性体胀,在热动力学框架内,建立了准脆性材料的弹塑性与各向异性损伤耦合的本构关系。对准脆性材料的变形机理和损伤诱发的各向异性进行了诠释,并给出了损伤构形和有效构形中各物理量之间的关系。在有效应力空间内,建立了塑性屈服准则、拉压不同的塑性随动强化法则和各向同性强化法则。在损伤构形中,采用应变能释放率,建立了拉压损伤准则、拉压不同的损伤随动强化法则和各向同性强化法则。基于塑性屈服准则和损伤准则,构建了塑性势泛函和损伤势泛函,并由正交性法则,给出了塑性和损伤强化效应内变量的演化规律,同时,联立塑性屈服面和损伤加载面,给出了塑性流动和损伤演化内变量的演化法则。将损伤力学和塑性力学结合起来,建立了应变驱动的应力-应变增量本构关系,给出了本构数值积分的要点。以单轴加载-卸载往复试验识别和校准了本构材料常数,并对单轴单调试验、单轴加载-卸载往复试验、二轴受压、二轴拉压试验和三轴受压试验进行了预测,并与试验结果作了比较,结果表明,所建本构模型对准脆性材料的非线性材料性能有良好的预测能力。     

描述大应变率范围下材料响应的粘塑性本构模型

以位错动力学理论中的Ｏｒｗａｎ和Ｇｉｌｍａｎ关系为基础建立描述率相关材料非弹性响应的基本方程，选择材料准静态实验的单轴响应作为强化演化的规律，并考虑应变率敏感程度随变形产生变化的特性，建立了适用于大应变率范围内率相关材料的统一型粘塑性本构模型。对铝１１００－０在应变率范围１０－５～１０４ｓ－１内产生的有限塑性应变的单轴响应进行了理论预测，与Ｋｈａｎ和Ｈｕａｎｇ［１］的实验数据及模型预测结果进行了比较，结果表明本文模型具有较高的预测精度，在高应变率和较大应变下不容忽视率敏感参数随变形的变化。     

聊聊动态塑性和黏塑性

固体力学研究者致力于具有应力-应变本构关系（以下简称为形变型本构关系）的变形体的力学响应研究，而流体力学研究者致力于具有应力-应变率本构关系（以下简称为流动型本构关系）的流动体的力学响应研究。当涉及结构和材料的动态塑性时，到底应该用“塑性变形”还是“塑性流动”来表示？本文从宏观塑性本构理论和微观位错动力学机理两个角度，分别讨论并指出塑性本构关系属于流动型黏塑性率相关本构关系，且同时适用于加载和卸载；因而不应该用应力-应变图来描述塑性加-卸载过程。弹塑性本构关系则是一种形变型和流动型本构关系的耦合。     

基于临界平面法的多轴疲劳寿命估算模型研究

基于临界平面法,分析了WB模型的缺陷,发现：WB模型中的法向应变变程不能很好的反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象,且模型中的经验常数是一个与寿命相关的参数,该参数不能简单的利用拉伸和扭转疲劳极限来确定。为克服WB模型的缺陷,提出了一个新的多轴疲劳损伤参量,引入了一个新的应力相关因子,建立了新的寿命估算模型。新的损伤参量不含经验常数,应力相关因子能够反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象,所建模型能够精确估算材料的多轴疲劳寿命,便于工程应用。     

基于临界平面法的拉扭双轴疲劳寿命估算模型

基于临界平面法,分析了WB模型的缺陷.研究发现:WB模型中的法向应变变程不能很好地反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象,且模型中的经验常数是一个与寿命相关的参数,该参数不能简单的利用拉伸和扭转疲劳极限来确定.为克服WB模型的缺陷,提出了一个新的有效循环变量,引入了一个新的应力相关因子,建立了新的寿命估算模型.新的有效循环变量不含经验常数,应力相关因子能够反映材料非比例循环加载下的附加强化现象,所建模型能够精确估算材料的多轴疲劳寿命,便于工程应用.     

An endochronic constitutive model for rate-dependent and nonproportional cyclic plasticity

The total stress response of material is decomposed into a sum of an equilibrium stress response and a non-equilibrium overstress response. Correspondingly, the rate-independent intrinsic time and the rate-dependent intrinsic time are defined respectively. Additional hardening functions for describing the isotropic and anisotropic nonproportional effects are assumed to be related to the accumulation of plastic strain component along the normal of equilibrium stress trajectory, in which the effects of geometry of the loading path are included. An endochronic constitutive model for rate-dependent, nonproportional cyclic plasticity is formulated and applied to simulate the stress responses of stainless steel XCrNi18.9 for some typical loading programs at different loading rates. A comparison between predicted results and experimental ones by Haupt and Lion shows that the former are in agrreement with the latter.     

An experimental investigation on cyclic plastic deformation and substructures of polycrystalline copper

Cyclic deformation under proportional and nonproportional loading of a textured copper was experimentally studied, and the results were compared with those of texture-free copper with the same grain size. The texture had a great influence on the equivalent cyclic stress–strain (CSS) curves under proportional loading but insignificant influence on the CSS curves under nonproportional loading. By comparing the slip patterns on the specimen surface and dislocation substructures under proportional and nonproportional loading, the mechanism of nonproportional hardening was discussed. The slip multiplicity inherited from originally multiple-slip oriented grains plays a minor role. Nonproportional hardening is the result of enhanced activated slip systems and more uniform activation of slip systems due to the rotation of maximum shear stress under nonproportional loading. At high strain amplitudes, cells were the primary substructures for both proportional and nonproportional loading but the diameters of the cells under nonproportional loading were smaller for similar strain magnitude. A linear relationship existed between the saturation equivalent stress magnitude and the reciprocal of the diameter of the dislocation cells. Such a relationship was independent of the loading modes and texture. The saturation stress magnitude was related to the bowing stress of screw dislocations in the interior area of dislocation cells. The mechanical response was practically recoverable either when the loading magnitude was changed from a higher value to a lower value or when the loading was changed from a nonproportional loading path to a proportional loading path. However, the dislocation substructures cannot be completely recovered.     

拉扭复合加载下循环应力应变关系的研究

以拉扭簿壁管试件为研究对象,根据多轴临界面上的应力应变特性及多轴疲劳临界面法的结果,结合单轴循环应力应变关系,研究了多轴比例与非比例加载下的循环应力应变关系,推导出多应力应变关系模型,经拉扭复合比例与非比例物载试验难证,其预测结果与实测值相符合。     

非等温条件下非比例循环粘塑性本构描述

为了描述在非等温非比例循环加载下的循环变形行为，本文提出了一个考虑材料非比例循环附加硬化效应、非比例循环加载历史效应和温度历史效应的粘塑性本构模型．在该模型中，引入了具有三种不同演化速率的背应力演化方程；定义了新的非比例度；为了反映非比例循环历史和温度历史的影响，引入了表现各向同性变形阻力Ｑａｓｍ，并对各向同性的表现变形阻力引入了具有先前加载历史记忆的演化方程．将本文模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢高温循环变形行为描述，其预言结果与实验结果吻合得很好．     

一个非比例循环粘塑性本构模型

本文提出地一个考虑材料非比例循环附加强效应，非比例循环加载历史产应和应变幅值历史效应的粘塑性体构模型。在该模型中，引入了对加载过程非常弹性应变幅值的记忆变量ｑ；定义了新的非比例度；引入了考虑材料非比例度的循环饱和各向同性变形阻力参量Ｑｓ；对各向同性变开引入了具有先前加载历史记忆的演化方程，将本文模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢高温循环变形行为描述，其预言结果与实验结果吻合得很好，表明该模型能很好     

Benchmark experiments and characteristic cyclic plasticity deformation

Key issues in cyclic plasticity modeling are discussed based upon representative experimental observations on several commonly used engineering materials. Cyclic plasticity is characterized by the Bauschinger effect, cyclic hardening/softening, strain range effect, nonproporitonal hardening, and strain ratcheting. Additional hardening is identified to associate with ratcheting rate decay. Proper modeling requires a clear distinction among different types of cyclic plasticity behavior. Cyclic hardening/softening sustains dependent on the loading amplitude and loading history. Strain range effect is common for most engineering metallic materials. Often, nonproportional hardening is accompanied by cyclic hardening, as being observed on stainless steels and pure copper. A clarification of the two types of material behavior can be made through benchmark experiments and modeling technique. Ratcheting rate decay is a common observation on a number of materials and it often follows a power law relationship with the number of loading cycles under the constant amplitude stress controlled condition. Benchmark experiments can be used to explore the different cyclic plasticity properties of the materials. Discussions about proper modeling are based on the typical cyclic plasticity phenomena obtained from testing several engineering materials under various uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading conditions. Sufficient experimental evidence points to the unambiguous conclusion that none of the hardening phenomena (cyclic hardening/softening, strain range effect, nonproportional hardening, and strain hardening associated with ratcheting rate decay) is isotropic in nature. None of the hardening behavior can be properly modeled with a change in the yield stress.     

Constitutive modeling of cyclic plasticity deformation of a pure polycrystalline copper

Cyclic plasticity experiments were conducted on a pure polycrystalline copper and the material was found to display significant cyclic hardening and nonproportional hardening. An effort was made to describe the cyclic plasticity behavior of the material. The model is based on the framework using a yield surface together with the Armstrong–Frederick type kinematic hardening rule. No isotropic hardening is considered and the yield stress is assumed to be a constant. The backstress is decomposed into additive parts with each part following the Armstrong–Frederick type hardening rule. A memory surface in the plastic strain space is used to account for the strain range effect. The Tanaka fourth order tensor is used to characterize nonproportional loading. A set of material parameters in the hardening rules are related to the strain memory surface size and they are used to capture the strain range effect and the dependence of cyclic hardening and nonproportional hardening on the loading magnitude. The constitutive model can describe well the transient behavior during cyclic hardening and nonproportional hardening of the polycrystalline copper. Modeling of long-term ratcheting deformation is a difficult task and further investigations are required.     

对316L不锈钢的非比例循环粘塑性本构描述

对循环硬化的３１６Ｌ不锈钢提出了一个考虑非比例循环加载下流动和硬化特性的粘塑性本构模型。模型中，通过随动硬化的背应力演化以各向同性阻力演化非比例循环路径及其历史的依赖关系来表征材料的非比例循环附加硬化和非比例循环流动特性，将模型用于预测３１６Ｌ不锈钢的圆形，正菱形应变路径的复杂循环变形行为，其预言结果与实验结果吻合很好。