FCC晶体中不均匀变形对空洞长大的影响

通过编制率相关有限元用户子程序,采用一个单胞模型研究了FCC晶体中孔洞在单晶及晶界的长大行为,分析了由于晶体取向及变形失配对孔洞长大和聚合的影响。研究结果表明：孔洞的形状和长大方向与晶体取向密切相关;晶界上孔洞的长大速度大于单晶中孔洞的长大速度;晶粒间的变形失配加速了晶界上孔洞的长大趋势,因而使材料易发生沿晶断裂,随着晶粒间取向因子差异的增加,孔洞越易沿着晶界长大。     

铜合金微塑性成形力学性能及其本构关系

对不同晶粒大小、不同特征尺寸的H62黄铜箔进行微拉伸实验,分析试样晶粒大小和特征尺寸对材料变形行为的影响。随着晶粒尺寸的减小,试样拉伸屈服应力逐渐增大,晶粒尺寸对屈服应力的影响满足Hall-Petch细晶强化关系;屈服强度随厚度的减小先减弱而后增强,随宽度的减小而增强;晶体塑性理论、表面层模型可以解释延伸率、抗拉强度随比表面积的增大而减小的现象。在实验数据的基础上通过修正双线性模型建立微塑性成形本构模型。     

纳米晶铜单向拉伸变形的分子动力学模拟

纳米材料是由尺度在1－100nm的微小颗粒组成的体系，由于它具有独特的性能而备受关注。本文简要地回顾了分子动力学在纳米材料研究中的应用，并运用它模拟了平均晶粒尺寸从1．79－5．38nm的纳米晶体的力学性质。模拟结果显示：随着晶粒尺寸的减小，系统与晶粒内部的原子平均能量升高，而晶界上则有所下降；纳米晶体的弹性模量要小于普通多晶体，并随着晶粒尺寸的减小而减小；纳米晶铜的强度随着晶粒的减小而减小，显示了反常的Hall-Petch效应；纳米晶体的塑性变形主要是通过晶界滑移与运动，以及晶粒的转动来实现的；位错运动起着次要的、有限的作用；在较大的应变下（约大于5％），位错运动开始起作用；这种作用随着晶粒尺寸的增加而愈加明显。     

基于晶体塑性理论的孔洞生长行为研究

采用率相关晶体塑性模型,建立三维胞元计算模型,研究了晶粒取向和晶界对孔洞生长和聚合的影响.比较了不同晶粒取向的单晶和双晶体中孔洞的生长趋势,发现晶粒取向对孔洞生长方向,孔洞形状等有着显著的影响.     

考虑两种晶界的各向异性双晶和三晶体晶界附近弹塑性应力场分析

采用率相关的晶体滑移有限元程序对具有不同晶体取向的双晶体晶界附近及三晶体三晶粒交汇处的弹塑性应力场进行了计算,考虑了几何晶界和物理晶界的影响.计算结果表明:双晶体及三晶体考虑几何晶界和物理晶界时,这两种晶界具有相同的应力分布趋势,只是物理晶界比几何晶界的应力集中程度小,双晶体晶界附近有较大的应力梯度,存在应力集中现象.三晶体三晶粒交汇处可能是应力集中之地也可能不造成应力集中,这主要取决于晶粒晶体取向及加载方向.由此可见,要准确理解金属材料的断裂过程,还需要从细观的角度对晶界的力学响应进行细致和深入的研究.     

钢桥塔斜拉索锚固区壁板的多孔应力集中特性

针对钢桥塔斜拉索锚固区连续布置椭圆形过索孔易产生的应力集中现象,对开任意多个椭圆孔无限大平面的力学模型建立了复应力函数,采用最小二乘边界配点法对应力场进行了求解,并与单个椭圆孔的理论解相比较,误差小于1%。结果表明:孔边应力集中系数随孔洞纵向间距增大而增大,随孔洞横向间距增大而减小,并最终都趋于定值。基于有限元分析,讨论了板件长宽比、开孔率、孔洞间距等参数对开单排和双排连续椭圆孔有限大板应力集中系数的影响情况;进一步在无限大平面计算结果基础上引入板宽修正系数,给出了便于工程应用的应力集中系数计算公式。     

多轴载荷作用下马氏体耐热钢中微孔洞演化行为的模拟研究

微孔洞演化包括孔洞成核、生长和聚合三个阶段，是影响金属材料韧性断裂的重要因素.为了分析P91马氏体耐热钢中的塑性滑移对微观孔洞扩展的影响，论文提出了一种基于晶体塑性有限元的微观力学计算模型，量化了应力三轴度、洛德参数和晶体取向对微孔洞演化行为的影响.结果表明，在相对较高应力三轴度条件下，随着应力三轴度的增大，含孔洞马氏体块的等效应力-应变响应呈现出快速软化的特征，同时孔洞体积分数随着等效应变的增加而快速增加.对于给定的应力三轴度，胞元的聚合应变在[111]取向时最小，在[110]取向时最大.孔洞聚合开始时，低应力三轴度下孔洞形状趋向于椭球状，而较高应力三轴度时孔洞横向略鼓.在一定的应力三轴度和洛德参数范围内，在孔洞聚合和孔洞坍塌两种胞元失效状态之间存在着一个条带状过渡状态，在[100]晶体取向时，当洛德参数L=-1时条带最宽.论文揭示了P91马氏体耐热钢中微孔洞演化的基本机制，分析了晶体取向、应力三轴度和洛德参数对微孔洞演化的影响.这些发现为P91马氏体耐热钢的韧性损伤模型的进一步发展提供了微观理论基础.     

晶粒的取向和变形性质对双晶体循环变形影响的模拟研究

应用晶体细观力学方法，分析了双晶体循环变形过程中组元晶粒取向及其变形性质（Ｂａｕｓｃｈｉｎｇｅｒ效应和循环硬化）的影响，发现双晶体的反向屈服及循环硬化行为为主要由组元晶粒性质支配，晶间内应力的影响是次要的，晶粒取向对宏微观应力应变行为有重要的影响，取向对称性较弱或罗硬差别较大的双晶体晶界影响较大。     

炭黑颗粒对丁苯橡胶材料力学性能的影响

利用电子万能材料试验机,对不同体积分数的炭黑填充丁苯橡胶复合材料进行了单向拉伸和循环拉伸加卸载等准静态力学试验,研究了炭黑填充橡胶材料单向拉伸应力应变关系、Mullins效应、调制应变相关性和拉伸断裂力学行为等.试验结果表明:调制应变越大,橡胶材料的刚度越小,橡胶的非线性应力应变关系越明显;炭黑含量越高,橡胶材料的初始模量和刚度越大,应力反翘现象和Mullins效应越显著;同时,随着炭黑体积分数的增加,炭黑填充丁苯橡胶材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率将呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

随机晶界分布对铝多晶材料晶间破坏行为的影响

采用二维随机有限元方法研究了准静态拉伸载荷下细观随机不均匀的粗晶粒铝多晶试件晶间破坏的力学行为．探讨了随机晶界的数量和分布对材料断裂性能的影响。     

Analytic elasticity solution of bi-modulus beams under combined loads

A unified stress function for bi-modulus beams is proposed based on its mechanic sense on the boundary of beams. Elasticity solutions of stress and displacement for bi-modulus beams under combined loads are derived. The example analysis shows that the maximum tensile stress using the same elastic modulus theory is underestimated if the tensile elastic modulus is larger than the compressive elastic modulus. Otherwise, the maximum compressive stress is underestimated. The maximum tensile stress using the material mechanics solution is underestimated when the tensile elastic modulus is larger than the compressive elastic modulus to a certain extent. The error of stress using the material mechanics theory decreases as the span-to-height ratio of beams increases, which is apparent when L/h ≤5. The error also varies with the distributed load patterns.     

锥柱形膜片后屈曲的材料特性预示研究

使用正交表设计数值试验, 分析弹性模量、屈服强度、延伸率等材料特性参数对锥柱形膜片结构后屈曲状态的影响, 预示材料特性对膜片翻转的影响. 正交数值试验在不影响结果科学性的基础上, 极大地降低了试验次数. 数值试验结果表明: 在一定结构情况下, 弹性模量与屈服强度对膜片正向翻转影响非常显著, 而延伸率的影响与前两个因素比较而言, 几乎可以忽略. 并且, 结构顶点位移随材料的弹性模量增大而增大; 随材料的屈服强度减小而增大.因此, 在结构固定的情况下, 为了提高材料的翻转性能, 可以选择弹性模量较大而屈服强度较小的材料, 且延伸率为20%左右最好.     

Torsion of an elastic solid cylinder with a radial variation in the shear modulus

A Green's function approach is used to formulate and obtain the stress field, under torsional loads in a radially finite solid cylinder with radially variable elastic modulus. With this approach a certain dual static-geometric analogy in the solution is readily proved and applied to generate the solution with stress boundary conditions from that with displacement boundary conditions and vice-versa.The problem is solved using both boundary conditions and for an exponentially varying shear modulus. In particular, under displacement boundary conditions, the stress field in the solid with a generalised Reissner-Sagoci boundary condition is easily deduced. With stress boundary conditions, the criteria for crack propagation in such elastic models are also obtained using the Griffith-Irwin condition of rupture.     

P波作用下饱和土中深埋圆形复合式衬砌隧道动应力响应研究

采用波函数展开法,推导出了平面P波入射下饱和土中深埋圆形双层衬砌动应力集中问题的解析解,并将该解退化为弹性介质中双层衬砌对平面P波散射的稳态解,验证了计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明,饱和土中双层衬砌的内边界动应力集中系数值大于外边界;外侧衬砌及内侧衬砌弹性模量对衬砌的动应力集中系数影响较大,在保证外侧衬砌稳定性较好的条件下,内侧衬砌尽可能选择刚度较小的材料;增加外侧衬砌及内侧衬砌的厚度可明显地减小衬砌内的动应力集中系数。     

Boundary film shear elastic modulus effect in hydrodynamic contact. Part II: influence of operational parameters

The present paper is the subsequent research of the first part (Theor Comput Fluid Dyn, 2009). It investigates the boundary film shear elastic modulus effect in a hydrodynamic contact in different operating conditions. The hydrodynamic contact is one-dimensional, composed of two parallel plane surfaces, which are respectively rough rigid with rectangular micro projections in profile periodically distributed on the surface and ideally smooth rigid. The whole contact consists of cavitated area and hydrodynamic area. The hydrodynamic area consists of many micro Raleigh bearings which are discontinuously and periodically distributed in the contact. The hydrodynamic contact in a micro Raleigh bearing consists of boundary film area and fluid film area which, respectively, occur in the outlet and inlet zones. In boundary film area, the film slips at the upper contact surface due to the limited shear stress capacity of the film–contact interface, while the film does not slip at the lower contact surface due to the shear stress capacity of the film–contact interface large enough. In boundary film area, the viscosity, density, and shear elastic modulus of the film are varied across the film thickness due to the film–contact interactions, and their effective values are used in modeling which depends on the film thickness. In fluid film area, the film does not slip at either of the contact surfaces, and the shear elastic modulus of the film is neglected. It is found from the simulation results that the boundary film shear elastic modulus influences are normally negligible on the mass flow through the contact, the carried load of the contact and the overall film thickness of the contact, and the boundary film shear elastic modulus would normally influence the local film thickness in an elastic contact when the local film thickness is on the film molecule diameter scale. It is also found that the boundary film shear elastic modulus effect has the tendency of being increased with the reduction of the width of a micro contact. It is increased with the reduction of the boundary film–contact interfacial shear strength or with the increase of the critical boundary film thickness, while it is strongest at certain values of the contact surface roughness, the width ratio of fluid film area to boundary film area, and the lubricant film shear elastic modulus.

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A procedure for estimating Young’s modulus of textured polycrystalline materials

In this study, a procedure for estimating Young’s modulus of textured and non-textured polycrystalline materials was examined based on finite element analyses, which were performed using three-dimensional polycrystalline finite element models of a random structure, generated using the Voronoi tessellation. Firstly, the local stress/strain distribution and its influence on macroscopic elastic properties were evaluated. Then, the statistical relationship between Young’s modulus obtained from the finite element analyses and averaged Young’s modulus of all grains evaluated based on Voigt’s or Reuss’ model was investigated. It was revealed that the local stress/strain in the polycrystalline body is affected by crystal orientation and deformation constraint caused by adjacent grains, whereas only the crystal orientation affects Young’s modulus of the polycrystalline body when the number of grains is large enough. It was also shown that Young’s modulus correlates well with the averaged Young’s modulus of all grains, in which the size of grains is considered in the averaging. Finally, a procedure for estimating Young’s modulus of textured and non-textured materials was proposed. Young’s modulus of various materials can be estimated from the elastic constants of single crystal and the distribution of crystal orientation and size of grains, which can be obtained by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).     

Propagation of wave at the boundary surface of transversely isotropic thermoelastic material with voids and isotropic elastic half-space

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of voids on the surface wave propagation in a layer of a transversely isotropic thermoelastic material with voids lying over an isotropic elastic half-space. The frequency equation is derived after developing a mathematical model for welded and smooth contact boundary conditions. The dispersion curves giving the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient via wave number are plotted graphically to depict the effects of voids and anisotropy for welded contact boundary conditions. The specific loss and amplitudes of the volume fraction field, the normal stress, and the temperature change for welded contact are obtained and shown graphically for a particular model to depict the voids and anisotropy effects. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation.     

Wave propagation at the boundary surface of elastic and initially stressed viscothermoelastic diffusion with voids media

The present investigation is concerned with the wave propagation at the boundary surface of elastic half-space and initially stressed viscothermoelastic diffusion with voids half-space. The longitudinal and transverse waves are incident obliquely at the plane interface between uniform elastic half-space and initially stressed viscothermoelastic diffusion with voids half-space. It is found that the amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are influenced by the initial stress, diffusion, voids, elastic and viscoelastic properties of media. The expressions of amplitude ratios and energy ratios are obtained in closed form and computed numerically for a specific model. The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence are shown graphically. The conservation of energy at the interface is verified.     

轴向拉伸下氮化钛纳米杆变形机制及力学性能的分子动力学研究

本文使用分子动力学软件包lammps并采用第二近邻改进型嵌入原子法(2NN MEAM)模拟了单晶氮化钛纳米杆的轴向拉伸破坏过程,分析了分别沿[100]、[111]晶向的不同截面尺寸、不同拉伸应变率、不同温度下的氮化钛纳米杆的力学性能,详细描述了氮化钛纳米杆拉伸变形过程。研究发现, 拉伸晶向、截面尺寸、拉伸应变率及温度均会对TiN纳米杆的拉伸变形过程及屈服强度、弹性模量等力学性能产生不同程度的影响。 沿[100]晶向的拉伸,截面尺寸越大,屈服强度越低;而沿[111]晶向,截面尺寸越大,屈服强度越大。应变率越大,屈服强度及屈服应变越大,但对于弹性模量几乎无影响。温度越高,材料的屈服强度、屈服应变及弹性模量越小,断裂应变越大。不同拉伸条件下的氮化钛纳米杆的拉伸过程均包括弹性变形、塑性变形与断裂阶段。[100]晶向的弹性模量都要高于[111]晶向。