焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子计算的基本模式法

给出一个用来计算对接和角接焊接接头焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹在复杂应力场中，例如在残余应力场中，裂纹前缘应力强度因子（ＳＩＦ）分布的工程实用计算法——基本模式法。本文先通过高自由度的三维有限元分析，给出接头和裂纹几何参数Ｔ１／Ｔ、ａ／Ｔ、ａ／ｃ一系列组合的基本几何模型（文中给出２７种）在选定的基本应力模式（本文给出８种）作用下，沿裂纹前缘的ＳＩＦ分布，并形成一个数据库。利用这些基本模式解的插值和组合，可以非常迅速地求得一般几何参数情况下焊趾半随圆表面裂纹在复杂应力场中沿裂纹前缘的ＳＩＦ分布。在本方法中，可以考虑角接接头板厚比Ｔ１／Ｔ对ＳＩＦ分布的影响。计算过程极简单而迅速，因此特别适用于疲劳裂纹扩展行为及寿命计算问题。     

残余应力对压力容器破坏模式的影响分析

破前漏(简称LBB)是压力容器、核电站设备结构设计与评价中的一个重要准则.表面裂纹准静态扩展的几何形貌变化规律的预测是破前漏(LBB)评判十分重要的课题之一.本文对特定焊接残余应力场加载作用下,含三维表面裂纹的压力容器模型,用有限元软件(ABAQUS)进行了表面裂纹准静态扩展模拟计算,得到在此残余应力场作用下应力强度因子沿裂纹前缘的分布规律.结合外载引起的应力强度因子,就可以判别裂纹的扩展形貌,从而判断结构是否满足LBB要求.     

两种材料组成弹性体的界面裂纹问题

本文研究了两种材料的半空间组成的弹性体在交界面上含半无限平面裂纹时的裂纹尖端应力场与应力强度因子,应用弹性力学位移场的通解以及Kontorovitch-Lebedev积分变换求解出了在裂纹面上作用有对称法向载荷时的裂纹尖端应力场以及应力强度因子的具体形式。     

表面钝裂纹的计算模型及其边界元法模拟

研究了表面钝裂纹问题的边界元模拟方法。文中通过平面应变比拟，建立了三维钝型纹的计算模型和局部场结构；并由三维边界元程序计算了表面钝裂纹前沿附近的位移场和应力场；进而利用裂纹面前沿的“张开位移”推算应力强度因子的分布文中的钝裂纹模型的有效性和离散格式的收敛性进行了考核，应力强度因子计算针对含表面裂纹的平板进行。     

圆柱体中同心内埋圆片裂纹表面加载的应力强度因子

本文用裂纹（延伸）面应力场方法分析了圆柱体中同心内埋圆片裂纹表面受拉或扭的几种受力情况的应力强度因子。对整个裂纹表面均匀拉伸时的解与经典的数值解吻合很好，显示出所用方法的简便和可靠；得到的几个解都有良好的工程应用前景。     

考虑表面效应时正三角形孔边裂纹反平面剪切问题的断裂力学分析

基于表面弹性理论和保角映射,研究了远场反平面剪切载荷作用下考虑表面效应时正三角形孔边裂纹问题的断裂性能。给出了孔边应力场解答,获得了裂纹尖端应力强度因子解析解答。数值算例讨论了应力强度因子随三角形孔尺寸、裂纹长度和表面性能的变化规律。结果表明：当三角形孔尺寸在在纳米量级时,无量纲应力强度因子受孔隙尺寸影响显著;随着三角形孔尺寸的增大,本文结果趋近于经典断裂理论解答;无量纲应力强度因子随裂纹长度的增加,数值先增大而后减小;裂纹相对长度较小时,表面效应影响较弱;应力强度因子的尺寸效应受表面性能影响显著。     

试验确定自增强圆筒的表面裂纹K1因子和疲劳扩展规律

本文提供了一种可以进行自增强处理的圆筒试样,通过实验用柔度法确定了该试样的表面裂纹的应力强度因子,介绍了含表面裂纹试样的柔度测试技术,导出了柔度与表面裂纹尖端前缘各点的应力强度因子的关系式,该式可作为各种含表面裂纹试样柔度法测表面裂纹 K_1因子的参考,本文还测定了不同自增强程度下,自增强圆筒的表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律。     

界面裂纹尖端的动态奇异特性

本文研究了界面裂纹尖端的动态应力场的奇异特性.引入尖端无摩擦接触的界面裂纹模型并采用具有运动边界的控制积分方程.证明了在动态界面裂纹尖端仅存在平方根奇异的应力场.数值结果表明接触区中的正应力确保持为压应力.为表现界面裂纹的动态特性,给出了应力强度因子和裂纹面接触区尺寸的数值结果.     

基于表面弹性理论的开裂椭圆孔断裂力学研究

研究纳米尺度时开裂椭圆孔的III型断裂性能。基于表面弹性理论和保角映射技术，利用复势函数理论获得了缺陷(裂纹和椭圆孔)周围应力场和裂纹尖端应力强度因子的闭合解答。所得结果具有一般性，许多已有和新的解答可由本文退化的特殊情形得到。利用解析结果讨论了缺陷的绝对尺寸、椭圆孔的形状比以及裂纹的相对尺寸对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：考虑表面效应且缺陷尺寸在纳米尺度时，应力强度因子具有显著的尺寸依赖效应；应力强度因子随椭圆孔形状比的变化规律受缺陷表面常数的影响；缺陷表面效应的影响取决于椭圆孔的形状比，非常大的形状比屏蔽了表面效应的影响；裂纹相对尺寸非常小时表面效应影响较弱，裂纹相对尺寸较大时表面效应较为明显。     

考虑闭合效应和三维应力约束的表面裂纹扩展模拟

假定承受Ⅰ型常幅载荷下的表面裂纹在扩展中的形状保持为半椭圆,利用Newman半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算应力强度因子。提出了等效厚度的概念,利用穿透直裂纹的研究结果,考虑表面裂纹扩展中塑性致闭和三维应力约束效应。基于Elber模型建立了三维表面裂纹扩展模型。数值模拟了表面裂纹扩展过程,研究了裂纹形状变化及规律,计算了裂纹扩展寿命。将计算结果与有关试验结果进行了对比,吻合较好。     

基于多因素的焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率分析

以Donahue等提出的疲劳裂纹扩展速率计算模型为基础,通过引入形状系数、张开比和残余应力等参数,建立了适用于焊接结构的疲劳裂纹扩展速率计算模型,分析了多种因素对焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。结果表明,焊板厚度和焊缝余高的变化均会对焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率产生影响,在对焊接结构表面形状进行设计时应保有一定的焊缝余高;有效应力比的增大会降低焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且裂纹深度的变化不会改变有效应力比对焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响;残余应力的增大会提高焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的促进作用随着裂纹深度的增加而增大,在对焊接结构的疲劳性能进行设计时须考虑残余应力对结构性能的影响。     

拉压循环载荷下正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝裂纹扩展分析

采用四步法计算了考虑循环载荷中压应力影响的正交异性钢桥面板的肋-面板焊缝表面裂纹扩展。第一步是基于正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳分析模型,计算肋-面板焊缝处的应力,第二步是通过肋-面板焊缝的三维局部模型,用Schwartz-Neumann交替法计算焊缝表面裂纹的应力强度因子分布,第三步是用二维断裂力学模型和增量塑性损伤模型,计算循环载荷中的压应力对裂纹扩展的影响,第四步是用第二步中的三维裂纹分析结果和第三步中的二维断裂力学模型得到的裂纹扩展公式,计算钢桥面板的肋-面板焊缝表面裂纹扩展。计算结果表明,对应于正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝处的循环应力,本文所用模型的裂纹尖端反向塑性区导致裂纹扩展率增加50%以上。研究结果为正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝裂纹的疲劳寿命分析提供了研究基础。     

一种经验型疲劳小裂纹扩展模型

金属材料疲劳寿命由裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展寿命两部分组成，其中对于萌生寿命中的小裂纹分析是精确描述裂纹萌生寿命的关键．而小裂纹在扩展过程中由于尺寸相对较小，导致传统线弹性断裂力学预测方法失效，需要对其进行改进，考虑裂纹尖端塑性区引起的残余压应力对小裂纹扩展速度的影响．本文针对此问题进行了初步分析，通过对塑性区引起的残余应力的量化，结合小裂纹门槛值特性，提出了一种经验型修正的小裂纹扩展模型，用于定量预测裂纹的萌生寿命．使用铝合金6082-T6缺口试样进行了疲劳实验，并与理论结果进行了对比，验证了所提模型的有效性．     

Crack growth under alternating loading

Crack propagation under alternating loading is investigated. Relations between the growth rate of a fatigue defect and loading parameters and the expression for the stress intensity factor are derived for compression of a cracked solid taking into account the possible contact of the crack faces. A model for the deformation of a small region near the crack tip is proposed which allows one to formulate the conditions of residual opening of a growing fatigue crack. The experimental data obtained in tests of steel samples are compared with the results of calculation using the developed procedure. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 190–198, September–October, 2008.     

Accumulative damage near crack tip for welded bridge members: fatigue life determination

The behavior of crack growth for the fatigue damage accumulation near tip where damage is most severe is analyzed. Fatigue life is assessed for the welded members of bridges under traffic loading. Two parts are considered. They consist of the development of a fatigue damage accumulation model for welded bridge members and a method for calculating the stress intensity factor that is needed for evaluating the fatigue life of welded bridge members with cracks. Based on the concept of continuum damage accumulation and fatigue and fatigue crack growth relations, results are obtained to describe the relationship between the cracking count rate and the effective stress intensity factor. Crack growth and fatigue life are found for two types of welded members assisted by using fatigue experimental results. The stress intensity factors are modified by correcting for the geometric shape of the welded members in order to reflect the influence of the weldment and geometry. This is accomplished via the stress intensity factor. The calculated and measured fatigue lives were generally in good agreement for the initial cracking conditions of two types of welded members widely used in steel bridges.     

含缺口试件疲劳全寿命预测一种建议的方法

传统的研究含缺口构件的疲劳的方法是将疲劳启裂和疲劳裂纹扩展两个过程完全独立起来,用不同的方法来模拟,相互间并没有定量的关系。本文是基于最新发展的多轴疲劳损伤理论,建立了一种适用于各种载荷条件下的疲劳启裂和裂纹扩展的普适方法。根据从弹塑性分析中得到的应力应变,确定疲劳损伤模型,建立能够预测疲劳启裂、裂纹扩展速率和扩展方向的新方法。整个模拟可以分为两步:弹-塑性应力分析得到材料的应力应变分布;再运用一个通用的疲劳准则预测疲劳裂纹启裂和裂纹扩展。通过对1070号钢含缺口试件的疲劳全寿命预测,得到了与实验非常吻合的模拟结果。     

Fatigue life prediction of in-plane gusset welded joints using strain energy density factor approach

Fatigue crack growth behavior of in-plane gusset welded joints is studied using the strain energy density factor approach. Fatigue tests were performed in order to estimate fatigue strength under tension. Fatigue crack growth analysis was carried out to show the effects of the initial crack shape, the initial crack length, and the stress ratio on the crack types of in-plane gusset welded joints. The assumed crack types were edge crack, semi-elliptical crack, and corner crack. Fatigue crack growth parameters were obtained from crack growth curves assuming constant crack shapes for the given crack types. The results of analysis for the assumed crack types agreed well with the experimental data. The fatigue life did not change as initial crack shape varied for a given initial crack length.     

STUDY ON THE SURFACE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR IN 14MnNbq BRIDGE STEEL

Three-dimensional crack closure correction methods are investigated in this paper.The fatigue crack growth tests of surface cracks in 14MnNbq steel for bridge plate subjected to tensile and bending loadings are systematically conducted.The experimentally measured fatigue crack growth rates of surface cracks are compared with those of through-thickness cracks in detail.It is found that the crack growth rates of surface cracks are lower than those of through-thickness cracks.In order to correct their differences in fatigue crack growth rates, a dimensionless crack closure correction model is proposed.Although this correction model is determined only by the experimental data of surface cracks under tensile loading with a constant ratio R=0.05, it can correlate the surface crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy under tensile and bending loadings with various stress ratios ranging from 0 to 0.5.Furthermore, predictions of fatigue life and crack aspect ratio for surface cracks are discussed, and the predicted results are also compared with those obtained from other prediction approaches.Comparison results show that the proposed crack closure correction model gives better prediction of fatigue life than other models.     

Investigation on 3D fatigue crack propagation in surface-cracked specimens

In the present work the fatigue crack growth in AISI304 specimens is investigated experimentally. In 3D finite element analysis the virtual crack closure technique is applied to calculate distributions and variations of the stress intensity factor along the surface crack front. It is confirmed that the stress intensity factor along the surface crack front varies non-uniformly with crack growth. Crack growth rate is proportional to the stress intensity factor distribution in the 3D cracked specimen. The fatigue crack growth in surface cracked specimens can be described by the Forman model identified in conventional compact tension specimens. For crack growth in the free specimen surface the arc length seems more suitable to quantify crack progress. Geometry and loading configuration of the surface cracked specimen seem to not affect the fatigue crack growth substantially.     

基于反向传播神经网络的疲劳裂纹扩展分析

材料发生疲劳断裂时往往会引起重大安全事故,而基于传统数值模拟方法求解疲劳裂纹扩展问题时模 型复杂、计算量大．本文基于包含多隐层的反向传播神经网络分析金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为,计算了裂纹扩 展过程中的 von Mises应力场和位移场,并与数值解和实验解进行对比,误差分析结果表明其求解精度高．并 基于该神经网络有效预测了裂纹扩展中裂纹长度及裂纹扩展速率的变化过程,预测精度高．该神经网络分析方 法可为材料剩余寿命和疲劳强度预测提供研究基础．