过载作用下聚乙烯疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

论文针对中密度聚乙烯材料(MDPE)，采用平板试样进行了I型疲劳裂纹扩展和单次过载下裂纹扩展试验．发现与金属材料类似，单次拉伸过载对聚乙烯(PE)的疲劳裂纹扩展有明显的迟滞作用，降低了裂纹扩展速率．试验还通过变载荷刻线法获取疲劳裂纹扩展前缘的实际形貌和变化规律，对常规变载荷刻线方法进行了调整和验证，其修正方法对高分子材料的疲劳裂纹扩展前缘刻线具有较好的效果．通过观察发现含楔形塑性区的裂尖钝化是裂纹迟滞的主要原因．过载引入的塑性区内残余应力对裂纹迟滞也起了重要作用．论文利用Dugdale模型计算了塑性区尺寸，使用基于残余应力的Wheeler模型对过载迟滞进行了很好的拟合．     

斜齿轮疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展过程全寿命研究

文章以斜齿轮为研究对象,综合考虑混合润滑状态下摩擦动力学特性对齿面应力分布的影响以及渗碳表层硬度梯度和残余应力的非均匀分布特征,以风险疲劳累积理论为基础建立了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预估模型;考虑裂纹在晶粒内部的非线性扩展规律以及晶界处的非连续扩展特征,建立了短裂纹扩展模型;针对长裂纹扩展过程中不同阶段扩展速率的差异,建立了长裂纹扩展速率统一方程,从而完成了对齿轮接触区疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展过程全寿命的预估.计算结果表明:齿面应力分布受动载荷和润滑状态的影响显著;在残余应力作用下,有效剪切应力在渗碳表层出现多个波峰,疲劳裂纹萌生位置多点化,导致裂纹尺度有所不同,疲劳寿命存在差异,失效形式多样化.     

残余应力对含裂纹缺陷管道疲劳寿命的影响

针对焊缝区含表面轴向裂纹管道的疲劳寿命问题,探究管道在内压波动下裂纹扩展的规律。建立了焊缝区裂纹仿真模型。采用ABAQUS有限元软件的多层生死单元技术计算了长输管道X80钢的残余应力场。将焊接残余应力场作为裂纹扩展分析的初始应力场导入裂纹仿真模型,结合该软件的扩展有限元法(XFEM)和二次开发计算了在焊接残余应力下裂纹扩展的规律。结果表明:由于焊接残余应力的影响,热影响区含裂纹缺陷的X80管道疲劳寿命明显降低,降低幅度约达40%;裂纹长度对管道的疲劳寿命影响不显著,裂纹深度对其有一定影响,而应力比影响最大,且应力比R=0.1最为显著。     

Ti-6Al-4V在模拟体液中的超高周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展

采用超声疲劳方法,开展了医用Ti-6Al-4V在实验室大气和模拟体液两种环境条件下105~109周次范围内的疲劳实验,研究了Ti-6Al-4V的疲劳裂纹萌生与初始扩展行为。实验结果表明:与实验室大气相比,在模拟体液环境下,Ti-6Al-4V的疲劳强度降低了约200MPa。主要原因是疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值减小,促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。在两种环境下都发现:高应力短寿命条件下,疲劳裂纹萌生源于微区破碎;而在低应力长寿命条件下,疲劳裂纹萌生源于微区开裂。理论分析表明,粒状亮面(Granular Bright Face,GBF)区的形成与裂纹尖端塑性区和Ti-6Al-4V晶粒尺寸大小有关。     

点焊接头疲劳寿命预测研究进展

概述点焊接头疲劳损伤理论与寿命预测方法的研究进展,分析点焊接头的疲劳强度影响因素和裂纹萌生扩展机理,对点焊接头疲劳寿命估算方法进行了对比,对寿命估算模型进行了评价,最后对点焊接头疲劳寿命预测研究的未来发展趋势提出了看法．     

随机载荷下疲劳裂纹的闭合和扩展估算模型

本文分析了裂尖前,后方塑性区对闭合性能的影响,提出从裂尖塑性钝化量和尾迹区残余塑性变形两个方面来确定裂纹面的残余变形,并讨论了压缩载荷对闭合应力的影响,由此建立了一个疲劳裂纹闭合模型,然后通过模型“有限记忆”性质的假定将它应用到随机加载情况。用此模型对铝合金2219——T851受飞机谱载荷的CCT平面应力试件进行了疲劳寿命估算,估算值与实验结果接近。     

基于应变能的复杂应力场低周疲劳分析

塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化,从而引起等效宏观应力,该应力随循环加载而增大．假定材料疲劳源处破坏是由最大拉应力引起的,最大等效宏观应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时形成微裂纹．微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现,从而得到材料的疲劳寿命．本文所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式包含材料参数、拉应力以及塑性应变能等,以上数据可通过单轴疲劳数据和有限元方法获得．通过对SM45C材料的计算验证,表明该模型对多轴随机应变加载低周疲劳寿命,具有良好的预测结果．     

狭长缺口根部萌生的小裂纹扩展分析

根据伴随着小裂纹延展过程中不同力学参数相互作用的分析研究基础之上,我们就疲劳小裂纹的扩展特性进行了分析,根据不扩展裂纹性质对小裂纹的长度范围进行了讨论,探讨了狭长缺口根部萌生的小裂纹扩展速率, 并研究了不扩展裂纹形成机理,推演出不扩展裂纹长度计算方法,发展出一种预测小裂纹扩展行为的方法,借助这种方法可以实现裂纹萌生寿命的预测,与疲劳设计相结合可以进一步提高构件安全性与可靠性．不扩展小裂纹的长度可以通过计算定量得到,它与材料的疲劳极限、裂纹门槛值及缺口尺寸等参数紧密相关．以理论数据为依据,可以设计出针对一定材料及尺寸的试样,使其在一定荷载条件下不扩展裂纹长度达到宏观可观测的范围,进而降低小裂纹测量方面的技术难度,进一步验证不扩张裂纹形成机理．     

飞机谱载下铝合金锪窝孔结构腐蚀疲劳研究

通过战斗机谱载下7475—T761铝合金紧固孔试件空气与3．5％NaCl环境中的疲劳试验和断口分析，得到了相应结构疲劳全寿命和孔边角裂纹的裂纹长度-寿命数据．通过三维有限元分析得到了孔边角裂纹的应力强度因子．采用我们新近发展的三维疲劳寿命分析软件，基于材料裂纹扩展基准曲线和一组直通孔实验数据，对锪窝孔结构角裂纹的疲劳和腐蚀疲劳扩展寿命进行了预测．结果表明，提出的基于三维断裂力学的寿命预测方法和软件对复杂结构的全寿命有精确的预测能力，比传统的局部应变法优越，可适用于复杂环境下三维结构的疲劳寿命分析．     

随机超载对疲劳裂纹扩展迟滞效应的模拟

考虑超载的迟滞效应,对随机超载作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了模拟计算．载荷谱为在基本恒幅循环载荷基础上加入一以泊松流发生的随机超载序列,超载的大小为均匀分布．采用裂纹闭合模型考虑超载的迟滞效应,认为裂纹张开应力在超载引起的塑性区内按线性规律衰减．循环续循环模拟计算出裂纹从初始长度一直到疲劳破坏的扩展曲线．据此,计算了各种超载发生强度和大小下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的平均值与标准差。     

Plastic strip model of cracked weld joint with residual stresses

The effect of residual stresses on the fracture behavior of a cracked weld joint is studied by making use of the continuous dislocation formulation. Considered are the plastic zone length of the strip model zone and the opening displacement of a crack that is normal to both weld line and base metal boundary; they depend on the character of the yield stresses for the base metal (BM), weld material (WM), and heat affected zone (HAZ). The crack driving force is found to increase with the tensile residual stress while crack initiation and growth are suppressed if the residual stress is compressive. Moreover, the plastic zone and crack opening displacement are found to decrease linearly with the HAZ yield strength as the HAZ width is increased for HAZ yield strength greater than that of BM.     

A novel method for residual strength prediction for sheets with multiple site damage: Methodology and experimental validation

A unified method for solving the strip yield model for collinear cracks in finite and infinite sheet is proposed. The method is based on the weight function of a single crack. Two collinear cracks in finite and infinite sheets are used to apply and verify this method. The plastic zone size, crack opening displacement and stress distribution along the ligament between cracks obtained by using the present method are extensively compared with existing available results and finite element solutions, and very good agreements are observed. Combined with the Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA) criterion, the unified method is used to predict the crack growth behavior and residual strength for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet with Multiple Site Damage (MSD). Thirty-two sheets with four types of MSD are designed and tested to verify this method. It is shown that the present method is able to predict various crack growth behaviors observed in experiment. The predicted residual strengths are within 9% of the corresponding test results. Compared to the elastic–plastic finite element method, the present method is much more efficient.     

裂尖曲率对裂纹前缘塑性区的影响

考虑尖端为圆弧形的钝头裂纹模型，在外围取线弹性无裂纹体的解，应用线场分析方法。形成一套估计钝头裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸的方法。对含径向裂纹和圆弧形裂尖的圆盘受均匀张力作用情况，给出了塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸与裂纹尖端曲率的关系。得到的结论是，塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸与裂纹尖端曲率有关；对于给定的塑性区的裂纹前缘尺寸，载荷反比于外缘尺寸的平方。前一结论说明了塑性区的裂前尺寸作为裂纹失稳扩展判断的局限性；后一结论说明了裂纹体强度失效的尺寸效应规律：抗断强度与总体线尺寸的平方成反比。     

自适应分析在确定裂纹尖端塑性区中的应用

在分析裂纹扩展及材料强度时对塑性区的估算是很重要的,本文提出采用自适应有限元分析来确定裂纹尖端塑性区的方法,计算结果表明这种方法通过网格自动加密能够有效地跟踪出弹塑性的交界面。     

焊趾表面裂纹的形态发展曲线与疲劳寿命预测

以作者建立的焊地椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子数据库以及复杂应力场中焊践半随圆表面裂纹前缘应力强度因子分布计算的基本模式法为基础上,给出了复杂应力场中焊践表面表纹在疲劳扩展过程中形态变化规律及寿命的工程分析方法。     

基于反向传播神经网络的疲劳裂纹扩展分析

材料发生疲劳断裂时往往会引起重大安全事故,而基于传统数值模拟方法求解疲劳裂纹扩展问题时模 型复杂、计算量大．本文基于包含多隐层的反向传播神经网络分析金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为,计算了裂纹扩 展过程中的 von Mises应力场和位移场,并与数值解和实验解进行对比,误差分析结果表明其求解精度高．并 基于该神经网络有效预测了裂纹扩展中裂纹长度及裂纹扩展速率的变化过程,预测精度高．该神经网络分析方 法可为材料剩余寿命和疲劳强度预测提供研究基础．     

Intergranular strain evolution near fatigue crack tips in polycrystalline metals

The deformation field near a steady fatigue crack includes a plastic zone in front of the crack tip and a plastic wake behind it, and the magnitude, distribution, and history of the residual strain along the crack path depend on the stress multiaxiality, material properties, and history of stress intensity factor and crack growth rate. An in situ, full-field, non-destructive measurement of lattice strain (which relies on the intergranular interactions of the inhomogeneous deformation fields in neighboring grains) by neutron diffraction techniques has been performed for the fatigue test of a Ni-based superalloy compact tension specimen. These microscopic grain level measurements provided unprecedented information on the fatigue growth mechanisms. A two-scale model is developed to predict the lattice strain evolution near fatigue crack tips in polycrystalline materials. An irreversible, hysteretic cohesive interface model is adopted to simulate a steady fatigue crack, which allows us to generate the stress/strain distribution and history near the fatigue crack tip. The continuum deformation history is used as inputs for the micromechanical analysis of lattice strain evolution using the slip-based crystal plasticity model, thus making a mechanistic connection between macro- and micro-strains. Predictions from perfect grain-boundary simulations exhibit the same lattice strain distributions as in neutron diffraction measurements, except for discrepancies near the crack tip within about one-tenth of the plastic zone size. By considering the intergranular damage, which leads to vanishing intergranular strains as damage proceeds, we find a significantly improved agreement between predicted and measured lattice strains inside the fatigue process zone. Consequently, the intergranular damage near fatigue crack tip is concluded to be responsible for fatigue crack growth.     

含缺口试件疲劳全寿命预测一种建议的方法

传统的研究含缺口构件的疲劳的方法是将疲劳启裂和疲劳裂纹扩展两个过程完全独立起来,用不同的方法来模拟,相互间并没有定量的关系。本文是基于最新发展的多轴疲劳损伤理论,建立了一种适用于各种载荷条件下的疲劳启裂和裂纹扩展的普适方法。根据从弹塑性分析中得到的应力应变,确定疲劳损伤模型,建立能够预测疲劳启裂、裂纹扩展速率和扩展方向的新方法。整个模拟可以分为两步:弹-塑性应力分析得到材料的应力应变分布;再运用一个通用的疲劳准则预测疲劳裂纹启裂和裂纹扩展。通过对1070号钢含缺口试件的疲劳全寿命预测,得到了与实验非常吻合的模拟结果。