悬臂轴拉杆一阶随机分析的解析解

针对悬臂轴拉杆在自由端受集中力问题进行了随机分析，其中考虑了轴拉杆杨氏模量的变异，在小变异情况下获得了不同相关结构与相关长度下问题的解析解，并就结果对相关结构的敏感性进行了讨论．     

建筑物-设备互动体系的减震机理研究

将结构及结构中某些设备分别视为主、子结构组成互动体系，通过对这种结构的频域分析，得到了在外部激励荷载作用下结构反应的概率特性，主、子结构的相互作用情况，以及由于主、子结构的相互作用对主结构产生减震效果的减震机理，并分析了互动减震体系中对减震效果有影响的因素．研究表明，互动减震体系的减震机理是子结构向主结构施加一个惯性力，其大小与激励外力相等，方向相反，使主结构的振动消失。     

大变形条件下具有不同裂纹长度试件的断裂韧性JC工作估算

本文首先通过有限元分析，在不同长度裂纺尺寸结构的临界破坏载荷下计算出临界断理解韧性值，然后细观入手，在文献「１」「２」等的工作基础上，通过理论推导得到了三维应力度参数Ｒσ与断裂韧性的关系。经过验证计算，证明该参数可用于描述结构尺寸效应的影响，能够在平面应变断裂韧性的基础上，确定不同尺寸１结构的临界断裂韧性ＪＣ的值，适用于工程上的应用和推广。     

考虑地基-结构-散粒体相互作用时贮仓结构的静、动力研究[Ⅱ]--有限元分析

对贮仓结构的静、动力问题进行了系统的分析计算：考虑到地基—结构—散粒体间的相互作用，引入新的计算模式，对不同地基上的贮仓结构模型进行了系统的有限元静、动力分析计算，并与作者所完成的试验结果进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的计算模式及有限元计算模型是正确的。     

窄锥冰力幅值与作用周期分析

提出了窄锥结构冰力函数的两个关键参数－冰力幅值和相互作用周期的简化分析方法,得到了与模型试验相近的结果。     

土-桩-结构相互作用体系随机地震反应分析

本文采用随机振动理论与有限元技术相结合的方法，以基岩随机地震作为输入，对群桩基础和土-桩-结构相互作用体系进行了三维随机地震反应分析。文中首先以一3X3群桩基础作为分析模型，探讨了桩-土-桩动力相互作用对承台随机地震反应的影响；然后，用单自由度体系模拟上部结构，分析了上部结构惯性对桩基承台随机地震反应的影响。在此基础上，以某桥桥墩为背景，用多自由度体系模拟上部结构，建立了土-桩-结构相互作用体系的三维分析模型，获得了桩基承台的功率谱响应、以及桩顶处的主应力标准差和主应力速率标准差等结果，探讨了群桩顶部各桩主应力标准差的分布规律，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。     

埋入式封装的光纤光栅传感器应变传递分析

推导了布拉格光纤光栅传感器所测应变与实际结构应变的关系,得出了平均应变传递率并与实际试验结果进行比较. 根据应变传递率确定了光纤的临界粘接长度，并推导了多层粘接时的应变传递情况，讨论了影响应变传递率的因素. 结果表明，光纤光栅的粘贴长度必须大于临界粘贴长度，且光纤光栅传感器所测应变需要加以修正才能得到实际结构应变.     

后台阶流动再附着过程的大涡模拟研究

应用自主开发的大涡模拟程序数值模拟研究了后台阶流动中再附着过程的演变。在流动几何参数不变情况下，给出了再附长度随雷诺数的变化规律，并与实验进行了比较，二者相符得比较好。在此基础上，给出了三种典型雷诺数下，后台阶流动的回流区特征。在湍流情况下，研究了突扩比对再附长度的影响，与实验结果吻合的比较好。详细讨论了湍流情况下大涡拟序结构的瞬时再附着过程。 这些研究结果对具有再附着现象的流动结构的工程应用具有指导意义。     

双分隔板对圆柱体结构流致动力响应影响分析

基于流体计算软件Fluent，对雷诺数Re=150工况下的带双分隔板圆柱体结构流致振动问题进行二维数值模拟，主要分析了折减速度U_r=4.0和U_r=5.0工况下，双分隔板对圆柱体结构近尾流场分布、结构动力响应、流体力系数和频谱特性的影响．研究结果发现：在两种折减速度工况下，分隔板的长度对圆柱体结构的振动响应影响较小．随着双分隔板间距比n₁的增大，圆柱体结构的横流向振幅会逐渐减弱，但当n₁≥0.8时抑制作用会基本失效，并且会激发结构动力响应．同时，双分隔板对圆柱体结构的阻力的抑制效果也会逐渐减弱．然而，仅在U_r=4.0时会对升力产生抑制效果，当0≤n₁≤0.2时较为显著．另一方面，当U_r=4.0时，随双分隔板长度与间距的变化，圆柱体结构的尾流漩涡脱落频率会从单频率模式转为双频率模式．     

地下结构与地层相互作用理论及其应用

本文对岩土与结构相互作用条件下的地下结构受荷后内力的理论分析及其应用作了综合评述，论述了地层压力、地下壳体及桩基础等的计算方法，特别介绍了近似计算方法．     

气垫平台破冰阻力的模型试验研究

通过开展低温拖曳冰水池物理模型试验,测试气垫平台在遭遇平整冰时的破冰过程和破冰阻力.在模型试验中,以一座现役破冰气垫平台为原型,建立了合理的模型试验相似律.依据相似律分别对原型平台的结构框架、气道结构、围裙结构和垫升系统等部分进行了模拟,从而得到一套与原型平台结构型式和垫升机制相似的模型平台.模型平台在试验拖车的拖曳下通过低温冰水池中的模型冰排,分别以垫升高度和航行速度为试验参数,对不同试验工况下气垫平台的破冰过程进行测试.通过对模型试验现象和结果的分析,深入解析了气垫平台的破冰过程,揭示了气垫平台的破冰机理.通过试验发现,非全垫升状态更有利于模型平台的破冰作业.气垫平台破冰的关键机理是在冰排底部形成稳定的气腔,从而促使冰排在结构的下压作用和气腔的上顶压力下发生弯曲破坏.在试验中测试了气垫平台破冰风压随结构姿态的变化,在时频域内对风压的变化情况进行了分析,并讨论了风压随航行速度的变化规律.以此为基础,对气垫平台破冰阻力随垫升高度和航行速度的变化规律进行分析,从而为该类气垫平台的结构设计和操船方法提供必要的基础性数据和参考依据.      

水位变化对正倒锥体冰载荷影响的离散元分析

在海冰与锥体海洋结构的相互作用过程中,潮汐水位变化时海冰作用于锥体结构的位置改变对冰载荷具有显著影响.本文采用具有粘结破碎功能的离散元方法计算海冰与锥体作用的破坏过程.同时考虑海冰上下表面温度差异对海冰强度的影响,将离散元计算冰载荷及海冰破坏模式与渤海现场实测数据进行对比验证.离散元结果表明,海冰与正锥和倒锥碰撞时均发生弯曲破坏,且冰载荷均随水线处锥径的增大而增大.在水线处锥径相同的情况下,正锥冰载荷大于倒锥冰载荷,而正锥作用下海冰的断裂长度则较小.基于离散元计算结果和渤海现场观测资料分析了海冰与正锥、倒锥作用时冰载荷和断裂长度差异的主要原因.海冰与正倒锥交界线处作用时,一般发生弯曲破坏.当冰层中心高度与正倒锥交界线的高度相同时,海冰才会发生局部挤压破碎,但冰荷载并没有明显升高.由此可见,倒锥体结构可有效降低冰载荷从而具有较好的抗冰性能.以上研究表明离散元方法可确定海冰与锥体结构作用时的海冰破碎规律和冰载荷特性,为海洋工程结构的抗冰设计提供参考依据.      

极地船舶冰区操纵性能的六自由度离散元分析

极地船舶操纵破冰性能是破冰船设计建造过程中需重点考虑的问题。为分析极地船舶操纵性能,本文发展了冰区船舶六自由度操纵破冰运动模型,采用扩展多面体离散元模拟海冰,舵桨操纵模型提供破冰力。开展平整冰区定常直航模拟计算,并与Lindqvist船体冰阻力经验公式展开对比验证;开展雪龙号敞水35°舵角操纵性仿真,并与实船试航结果进行对比。在此基础上,开展冰厚及舵角影响下的船体结构冰载荷及破冰轨迹计算,模拟得到操纵破冰航行中船体垂荡、横摇及纵摇运动时程;最后分析操纵破冰船体线载荷分布与直航破冰下的差异。     

The effect of basal topography on ice sheet dynamics

Classical shallow-ice theory assumes that bed topography under ice sheets has slopes comparable to the surface slope of the ice sheet. A modification of the classical steady-state theory which allows for significant bed topography on shorter length scales has recently been developed by Morland (Proc. R. Soc L. Ser. A., 456, 1711-1739 ), but his theory requires explicit integration of the ice-flow equations over the topography length scale, which may be below the grid size of typical numerical ice sheet models. Here we present a method for parameterising the effect of basal topography of wavelengths much greater than ice thickness but much smaller than the horizontal extent of the ice sheet on the bulk flow of the ice sheet. In particular, we are able to show through the use of a multiple-scales expansion technique that the effect of such topography is described by a simple correction factor applied to the classical expression for ice flux. This correction factor dispenses with the need to integrate explicitly over the topography length scale and could allow the effect of such topography to be included in numerical models with limited grid size. Examples are given for the practical implementation of this `correction factor method' in calculations of the steady-state shape of ice sheets. Received August 20, 2002 / Accepted February 3, 2003/ Published online May 9, 2003 / L. W. Morland     

Dynamic ice loads on conical structures

Two series of model tests were performed to observe the dynamic ice loads on conical structures. The variable testing parameters include the water line diameter of the model cone and ice parameters. During small water line diameter tests, two-time breaking is found to be the typical failure of ice on steep conical structure, and also be controlled by other factors, such as ice speed and the cone angle. During big water line diameter tests, the ice sheet failed nonsimultaneously around the cone. Several independent zones of bending were found in the nonsimultaneous failure process of ice. With the increase of the ratio of D/h and the number of independent zones, the total ice force was found being gradually reduced.     

Two-dimensional discrete element simulations ofice–structure interaction

The paper presents the application of a discrete element technique for the study of the plane strain problem of the interaction between a moving ice sheet and a flexible stationary structure. The discrete element technique accounts for the generation of failure within an initially intact ice sheet. The failure of the ice corresponds to situations where the ice can exhibit combinations of brittle fragmentation and viscoplastic flow. The modelling also accounts for size dependency in the strength of the ice after fragmentation. The inter-fragment interactions are modelled by non-linear constraints which includes Coulomb frictional behaviour. The computational scheme is used to evaluate the time history of the average contact stresses and the distribution of local contact stresses at the ice–structure interface in the fragmentation zone.     

基于近场动力学数值方法的冰-吊舱推进器接触判断研究

吊舱推进器在极地船舶中的应用, 可避免冰区航行中转向、调头困难等操纵问题, 是极地船舶广泛采用的推进形式. 在冰-吊舱推进器切削过程中, 吊舱推进器受到了极端冰载荷的作用, 对吊舱推进器结构强度和极地船舶的安全性带来严重的危害. 为了研究不同操纵状态的吊舱推进器与冰切削时冰载荷的变化规律, 首先, 详细介绍了近场动力学方法研究物体断裂问题的理论基础, 分析该方法模拟冰材料的可行性. 基于近场动力学方法和面元法耦合推导了适用于冰破碎问题模拟的材料破坏准则和冰载荷计算方法. 其次, 提出了不同操纵状态的吊舱推进器与冰的接触判断方法, 建立了冰-吊舱推进器切削状态的数值计算模型, 实现了冰-吊舱推进器切削动态变化过程的数值仿真. 最后, 分析了吊舱推进器在直航、斜航以及操舵状态与冰切削时冰块破碎、螺旋桨和桨叶冰载荷以及吊舱单元整体扭矩的变化情况. 计算结果表明: 本文提出的不同操纵状态的吊舱推进器与冰切削时的接触判断方法能够真实地模拟冰-吊舱推进器的切削过程, 并能获得该过程中冰块的破坏现象和冰载荷变化特性, 可为冰区海洋结构冰载荷数值预报技术的发展、冰区吊舱推进器结构的优化设计和运营提供指导.      

Modeling ocean wave propagation under sea ice covers

Operational ocean wave models need to work globally, yet current ocean wave models can only treat ice covered regions crudely. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of ice effects on wave propagation and different research methodology used in studying these effects. Based on its proximity to land or sea, sea ice can be classified as: landfast ice zone, shear zone, and the marginal ice zone. All ice covers attenuate wave energy. Only long swells can penetrate deep into an ice cover. Being closest to open water, wave propagation in the marginal ice zone is the most complex to model. The physical appearance of sea ice in the marginal ice zone varies. Grease ice, pancake ice,brash ice, floe aggregates, and continuous ice sheet may be found in this zone at different times and locations. These types of ice are formed under different thermal-mechanical forcing. There are three classic models that describe wave propagation through an idealized ice cover: mass loading,thin elastic plate, and viscous layer models. From physical arguments we may conjecture that mass loading model is suitable for disjoint aggregates of ice floes much smaller than the wavelength, thin elastic plate model is suitable for a continuous ice sheet, and the viscous layer model is suitable for grease ice. For different sea ice types we may need different wave ice interaction models. A recently proposed viscoelastic model is able to synthesize all three classic models into one. Under suitable limiting conditions it converges to the three previous models. The complete theoretical framework for evaluating wave propagation through various ice covers need to be implemented in the operational ocean wave models. In this review, we introduce the sea ice types, previous wave ice interaction models, wave attenuation mechanisms,the methods to calculate wave reflection and transmission between different ice covers, and the effect of ice floe breaking on shaping the sea ice morphology. Laboratory experiments,field measurements and numerical simulations supporting the fundamental research in wave-ice interaction models are discussed. We conclude with some outlook of future research needs in this field.     

Numerical investigation of ice breaking by a high-pressure bubble based on a coupled BEM-PD model

In this paper, by combining the boundary element method (BEM) and peridynamics (PD), a bubble-ice interaction model is established, which can investigate the dynamic interactions between a high-pressure bubble and an ice plate with particular focus on the mechanical behaviors of ice breaking. The bubble dynamics are solved by BEM based on the potential flow theory. Ice cracks initiation and propagation are simulated by the bond-based peridynamics which is validated by a three-point bending test. The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is achieved by matching the normal velocity and hydrodynamic loads at the fluid–structure interface. To validate the proposed FSI model, an experiment is carried out in which an oscillating bubble is generated under an ice plate by underwater discharge system. The whole interaction process is captured by a Phantom V711 high-speed camera. Qualitative agreements are achieved between the numerical and experimental results. The underlying mechanism of cracks initiation, propagation, branching, and coalescence of the ice plate is found to highly depend on three parameters, i.e., bubble–ice distance, ice thickness and bubble size. The present study is expected to provide further assists in the understanding of ice breaking problems.     

冰激结构频率锁定振动的发生机理及简单分析方法

冰激结构频率锁定振动是冰区海洋工程结构的危险工况.对频率锁定振动过程的传统机理解释没有体现这一过程的全部物理特征,导致现有的分析方法无法准确分析这一问题.本文基于对现场测量结果的分析,提出了一种海冰韧性损伤-破碎过程与结构振动耦合导致频率锁定振动的机理.该机理认为,海冰在直立结构频率锁定振动过程中发生韧性损伤-破碎行为,海冰的韧性损伤-破碎与结构运动相位耦合,导致了频率锁定振动. 海冰对结构作用产生的载荷为锯齿形,作用过程可以分为加载和卸载两个阶段,其中加载阶段时间长度约为卸载阶段3倍以上.在加载阶段,结构从平衡位置先与海冰运动方向相反振动到反向最大振幅位置后回摆,然后与海冰同向运动到正向最大振幅位置,这段过程中海冰与结构接触部位内部产生裂纹并扩展但未发生主要的破碎,在此阶段海冰发生韧性损伤;在卸载阶段,结构从最大振幅位置向平衡位置回摆,结构与海冰运动方向相反,这一过程中应变速率的突然增大导致裂纹加速扩展并失稳开裂,此时带有韧性损伤的海冰发生破碎.基于这一新的机理解释,本文提出了一种冰激结构频率锁定振动幅值的简单分析方法.该方法认为海冰破碎长度是频率锁定振动的关键参数. 理想状态下,海冰破碎长度约为结构水线处振动幅值的2.2倍.当冰速接近海冰破碎长度与结构自振周期的比值时,结构会发生频率锁定振动.该方法对评估海洋工程结构频率锁定振动的发生概率及疲劳损伤具有指导意义.