颗粒在大涡结构中的弥散

气相采用大涡模拟方法,颗粒相采用轨道模型研究了三维后台阶气粒两相湍流流动的大尺度涡结构的瞬时演变过程以及颗粒的瞬时弥散规律.比较了不同入流速度的颗粒在大涡结构中的瞬时弥散特性,尤其研究了高速释放大颗粒的弥散特性.三维流动中大尺度涡结构具有明显的脱离、发展、合并和破碎过程.小颗粒的分布受大涡结构的控制,其空间的弥散过程与流体 大涡结构的空间发展相一致,但是由于三维流动中大涡边缘和中心区的压力差,颗粒在大尺度 涡的边缘出现密集.而大颗粒在流场中的分布受其惯性控制,对气相的涡结构不敏感.高速释放到流场中的大颗粒受惯性影响最大,保持在其原有动量方向上运动.     

Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Channel Flow with 3D Roughness Using a Roughness Element Model

Large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow with dense and small 3D roughness elements is carried out using a roughness element model Profiles of mean Reynolds stress, mean velocity and rms velocity as well as turbulent structures near the wall are obtained. The shear stress in the rough wall is larger than that in the smooth wall side and the rough wall has a larger influence on the channel flow. Profiles of mean streamwise velocity near the wall have logarithmic velocity distributions for both smooth and roughness walls, while there is a velocity decrease for the rough wall due to larger fractional drag. All the three components of rms velocities in the rough wall region are larger than that in the smooth wall region, and the roughness elements on the wall increase turbulent intensity in all directions. The s~reak spacing and average diameter of near wall quasi-s~reamwise vortices increase with the presence of roughness elements on the wall and it is shown that the rough wall induces complex and strong streamwise vortices. Results of dense and small 3D roughness elements in both turbulent statistics and structure, obtained with a relatively simple method, are found to be comparable to related experiments.     

两相湍射流喷口附近湍流度影响因素研究

本文采用PDPA设备测量了不同材料(玻璃微珠和铜粉)、不同粒径(250μm和75μm)颗粒存在的条件下,两相圆湍射流中气相湍流度的分布.给出了喷口附近两相流中气相湍流度变化的规律.测量结果表明在喷口附近区域,速度梯度的变化是影响气相湍流度变化的主要因素.     

颗粒趋壁沉积的直接数值模拟

气相采用直接数值模拟方法、颗粒相采用拉格朗日轨道模型方法对摩擦雷诺数为180的充分发展槽道内Stokes数为1～104的颗粒趋壁沉积现象进行了研究.研究表明,惯性颗粒在湍流涡的作用下趋向壁面运动,并以一定速率沉积.在"吸收壁面"条件下沉积速率首先随着颗粒弛豫时间增大而增大,在弛豫时间大于100时,沉积速率保持不变.     

稀疏两相湍流的惯性颗粒倾向性弥散

气相采用大涡模拟、颗粒相采用拉格朗日轨道模型的方法对后台阶突扩流、充分发展槽道流和圆湍射流3种典型的稀疏气固两相流动进行了数值模拟,研究了颗粒倾向性弥散的特征和规律. 研究表明颗粒的跟随性和倾向性相联系,颗粒惯性和大涡结构同时决定颗粒的倾向性分布特征. Stokes数量级为1(气相时间参考尺度取为宏观特征时间尺度)左右的颗粒,倾向性分布特征最强烈. 颗粒倾向分布于低涡量(或是低脉动速度)的湍流区域.      

不同排列粗糙元对湍流拟序结构的影响

采用氢气泡流动显示技术,研究了壁面不同排列粗糙元对近壁湍流拟序结构的影响。实验中基于平均速度和水力直径的雷诺数分别为14300、31200、48000。氢泡丝上游布置的离散粗糙元直径为2．3、4和6mm,得到了光滑壁面和5种不同排列方式的离散粗糙元壁面湍流条带和湍流斑块特征。结果发现：相同雷诺数和相同排列方式下条带间距...     

雾化角对液体火箭发动机燃烧室压力振荡的影响

针对液氧/煤油火箭发动机模型燃烧室实现了三维非稳态两相燃烧过程的数值模拟,得到的燃烧室截面平均压力和平均速度与实验吻合。在初边值条件不施加任何扰动的情况下,得到了燃烧室压力自激振荡过程,并研究了液氧和煤油喷嘴雾化角对燃烧室压力振荡的影响。计算结果表明:当雾化角为40°或120°时,由于燃料与氧化剂喷雾锥重叠区域较小或较大,导致了推进剂混合很差或很好,不易在燃烧室头部出现局部爆炸性的可燃混气团,致使燃烧室压力振荡强度较弱;而当雾化角为中间值65°时,易于出现爆炸性的可燃气团并导致剧烈的压力振荡,使燃烧室中出现燃烧不稳定性。因此,雾化角的合理设计是抑制燃烧不稳定性的一种途径。     

两相圆湍射流大颗粒调制作用的PDPA实验研究

采用相多普勒颗粒分析仪(PDPA)测量了雷诺数为8500的两相圆湍射流速度场,研究了两种大粒径颗粒对湍流的调制作用.发现在相同气载比条件下,大粒径颗粒加入后,在射流近场区域(X/D<10)气相湍流度增强,沿着射流中心轴线轴向和径向气相湍流度增强;较小粒径颗粒加入后削弱气相湍流度.在射流远场X/D=20截面,较大粒径颗粒的加入会削弱气相湍流度,但其削弱程度不如小粒径颗粒.随着粒径的增大,两相射流湍流的气相湍流度进一步增加.     

粒度、压力和水分对型煤冷态强度的影响

介绍了实验室关于有粘结剂冷压成型型煤强度研究的一些实验结果。所用原料煤为烟煤,以高分子聚合物为粘结剂。本文讨论了原料煤粒度、压力和水分对型煤冷态强度的影响,实验结果对工业生产有一定的指导意义。实验表明:原料煤的粒度对型煤冷态强度影响较大;成型水分对亲水性粘结剂的分散起重要作用。     

Particle transport behavior in air channel flow with multi-group Lagrangian tracking

The particle motions of dispersion and transport in air channel flow are investigated using a large eddy simulation(LES) and Lagrangian trajectory method. The mean and fluctuating velocities of the fluids and particles are obtained,and the results are in good agreement with the data in the literature. Particle clustering is observed in the near-wall and low-speed regions. To reveal the evolution process and mechanism of particle dispersion and transport in the turbulent boundary layer, a multi-group Lagrangian tracking is applied when the two-phase flow has become fully developed: the fluid fields are classified into four sub-regions based on the flow characteristics, and particles in the turbulent region are divided accordingly into four groups when the gas–particle flow is fully developed. The spatiotemporal transport of the four groups of particles is then tracked and analyzed. The detailed relationship between particle dispersion and turbulent motion is investigated and discussed.