冰激结构振动的非线性分析

冰对结构的作用表现为冰的变形和破碎两个阶段，具有间隙非线性特征本文根据试验结果，将非线性分析方法应用到冰激结构振动方程中，从理论上阐明，冰激柔性结果的振动是一种多频干扰自激和强迫振动系统，并研究了试验中观察到的锁频现象的机理。计算结果与试验结果是一致的。本文得到的冰力计算公式可用于海洋工程结构的设计计算。     

平整冰和碎冰区单桩锥体风电基础结构冰载荷离散元分析

在渤海和北黄海海域,冰载荷是影响风电基础结构振动响应及疲劳寿命的关键因素.对于单桩风电柔性结构而言,在水线处安装抗冰锥可有效降低冰载荷,保障海上风电安全运行.为分析海冰对锥体风电结构的冰载荷,基于扩展多面体离散元方法模拟了平整冰和碎冰对锥体风电结构的作用过程,分析了不同锥径和海冰密集度下的锥体风电结构冰载荷及冰激结构振...     

冰区航行中船舶结构冰载荷的现场测量与反演方法研究进展

冰载荷是影响极地船舶航行安全的重要环境因素,而对船舶结构的现场监测是获取冰载荷的可靠途径.鉴于船-冰相互作用的复杂性, 目前还难以直接测量冰载荷,一般通过结构应变、六自由度运动参数等船舶结构局部或总体响应的测量数据间接反演冰载荷.根据冰载荷的作用范围,本文将船舶结构冰载荷现场监测划分为局部冰载荷现场监测与总体冰载荷现场监测两大类.对国内外18艘极地船舶冰载荷现场测量试验的开展时间、试验海域、测量方案等信息进行了系统的总结和分析.从基本原理、适用范围、应用现状和发展前景等方面全面地介绍了船舶结构冰载荷反演的影响系数矩阵法、支持向量机法、格林函数法、运动参数法和功能关系法,并重点分析了"MV Timofey Guzhenko"极地穿梭油轮与"IBRV Araon"破冰考察船的冰载荷测量结果.在此基础上对船体局部冰压、冰力峰值、冰载荷概率分布和冰激振动加速度等相关研究进展进行了深入的讨论.最后从测量技术、反演方法、冰载荷特性等方面剖析了当前船舶结构冰载荷现场监测中存在的问题,并探讨了相应的研究方向.本文对国内外极地船舶冰载荷现场测量与反演方法的论述可为后续研究与工程应用提供科学参考,从而更好地促进我国极地船舶的抗冰结构设计与冰区航行技术的发展.      

平原水库静冰压力推坡计算

本进行了冰压力推坡计算研究，即在冰推力下，堤坝护坡结构强度校核问题，采用不同方法计算了冰压力的推坡作用，给出了计算实例．     

平台结构在冰激励下的平移和扭转耦合共振

用多尺度方法对冰、桩土与海洋平台系统的偏微分非线性动力学模型（见第１部分）进行了摄动分析，发现此系统存在多种组合共振现象，其固有振动频率与模型平台实测结果相符。在主参数内共振条件下，文章讨论了在不同振在型（自激、锁定、强迫）下它的非线性动力学特性，计算结果说明在某冰速范围内模型平台将产生跳跃性的剧烈振动，这与现场观察到的冰激平台共振的现象一致，本文解释了冰激振动的机理，因此为海洋平台结构系统的非线     

斜面结构冰荷载的动荷效应

利用改进的刚性梁模型进行了斜面结构冰荷载的动荷效应，推导了冰力的动荷系统，算例得到了与模型试验值和数值解相近的结果，依据分析对试验观察到的规律给出了理论上的证明和定性的解释，给出了准静态冰力条件的判别式。     

大桥螺栓旋拧轴力的超声测量

本文利用纵横波相结合的方法对九江大桥联接螺栓的施拧轴力进行了群栓测量。该方法无需预知螺栓的初始长度，更为实用。     

海上构筑物波浪载荷的一些基本问题

本文分析了海洋工程中 Morlson 方程的物理含义,给出了计算涡流力的新方法,考虑了势流力各向异性与非线性效应,指出了现有计算非线性力方法的不合理性,并将结果应用于目前正在研制的顺从式结构.这对于正在从事这一领域研究的科研和工程技术人员会有一定的启发.     

空间刚架结构的广义逆力法

在结构计算中，根据算法中所采用的基本未知量的不同．结构分析方法可以分为力法、位移法和混合法。其中位移法由于适宜计算机处理而在结构计算领域得到了广泛的应用．经典力法相比之下应用就远不如位移法普遍，虽然力法本身在力学上有其独特的优势。广义逆矩阵做为一种较新的数学工具，自二十世纪五十年代诞生以来正日益表现出越来越旺盛的生命力。广义逆力法就是一种基于力法和广义逆矩阵理论的新的迭代算法。这种算法是一种完全适合计算机处理的力法方法。该算法的思路以及对于求解线弹性空间刚架结构问题的具体公式均在文中给出并给出了算例。从算例计算结果可以看到广义逆力法有着较好的计算效率和计算精度。该算法的提出为力法在计算机计算领域的应用开拓了新的发展空间。该算法在材料非线性问题和结构并行计算方面也有着较好的应用前景。     

A tire–ice model (TIM) for traction estimation

Increased traffic safety levels are of highest importance, especially when driving on icy roads. Experimental investigations for a detailed understanding of pneumatic tire performance on ice are expensive and time consuming. The changing ambient and ice conditions make it challenging to maintain repeatable test conditions during a test program. This paper presents a tire–ice contact model (TIM) to simulate the friction levels between the tire and the ice surface. The main goal of this model is to predict the tire–ice friction based on the temperature rise in the contact patch. The temperature rise prediction in the contact patch is based on the pressure distribution in the contact patch and on the thermal properties of the tread compound and of the ice surface. The contact patch is next classified into wet and dry regions based on the ice surface temperature and temperature rise simulations. The principle of thermal balance is then applied to compute the friction level in the contact patch. The tire–ice contact model is validated by comparing friction levels from simulations and experimental findings. Friction levels at different conditions of load, inflation pressure, and ice temperatures have been simulated using the tire–ice contact model and compared to experimental findings.     

Experimental investigation of pneumatic tire performance on ice: Part 1 – Indoor study

Currently, the probability of accident occurrence is much higher when driving on icy roads than on asphalt. Since the tire is the only element of the vehicle that contacts the icy road, it is crucial to thoroughly comprehend the friction mechanism at the tire–ice interface for improved tires and safety systems for icy roads. This study investigates the available friction levels at the tire–ice interface by varying operational parameters through the indoor testing program conducted at the Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory, Virginia Tech (in part I) and the outdoor testing program conducted at the Keweenaw Research Center (in part II). This two-part article presents the design of experiment, the indoor and outdoor test programs, and friction–slip ratio curves obtained from both test programs for different conditions. The effects of operational parameters and their inter-dependency for the entire slip ratio range during operation on ice is explained, as studied from the two test programs. This article (part I) details the indoor test method consisting of the ice creation procedure, pre-test procedures, the test procedure and analysis of the obtained friction–slip ratio curves. This experimental investigation performs the necessary groundwork and builds a strong foundation towards making driving on ice safe.     

基于巴西盘试验的海冰拉伸强度研究

海冰拉伸强度是其基本力学性能之一, 同时也是冰区船舶与海洋工程结构设计所需的重要参数. 对于脆性材料的拉伸强度测试, 巴西盘劈裂试验相比单轴拉伸试验在试样制备与加载上具有明显的优势. 为研究海冰的拉伸强度特征, 对渤海辽东湾沿岸的粒状冰开展了系统的巴西盘劈裂试验研究. 在加载过程中与试样破坏后, 分别对加载横梁的位移与加载力以及试样最终破坏模式进行了记录. 同时, 对试样的冰晶结构、盐度、温度以及密度进行了测量. 通过改变加载速率、试样厚度与试样温度以研究不同参数对试验结果的影响. 针对传统试验中试样的刚体假设, 考虑了试样变形对应力状态的影响并将其引入了理论模型. 试验过程中所有海冰试样均以劈裂模式破坏. 试验结果表明, 加载速率与试样厚度对拉伸强度的影响并不显著, 但孔隙率的影响较为明显. 当孔隙率由75‰降低至10‰时,拉伸强度由1.0 MPa升高至2.8 MPa. 与单轴拉伸试验所测得数据对比, 巴西盘劈裂试验所得到的拉伸强度随孔隙率的变化趋势相一致. 但该方法所得到的粒状冰拉伸强度要高于预期结果. 试验表明巴西盘劈裂试验中海冰试样的破坏模式与试验结果均较为合理, 可成为海冰拉伸强度的有效测试方法.      

ANALYSIS OF SHIP MANEUVERING PERFORMANCES AND ICE LOADS ON SHIP HULL WITH DISCRETE ELEMENT MODEL IN BROKEN-ICE FIELDS

采用离散元模型对碎冰区浮冰与船舶结构的相互作用进行了数值研究。碎冰由三维圆盘单元构成,并考虑其在海流作用下的浮力、拖曳力和附加质量。船体结构由一系列三角形单元组合构造。通过海冰与船体单元间的接触判断和接触力计算,确定海冰与船体结构之间的相互作用。采用以上离散单元模型对不同冰况（冰速、冰厚、冰块尺寸和密集度）以及航速条件下,海冰对船体的动力作用过程进行了数值分析,对比分析了以上因素对船体冰载荷的影响,可为冰区船舶的安全运行和结构设计提供一定的借鉴作用。     

The coupling between ocean waves and rectangular ice sheets

This paper describes a semi-analytic approach to problems involving rectangular elastic plates of shallow draft floating on water. Specifically, two problems are considered: the scattering of plane monochromatic incident waves by a single elastic plate and the propagation/attenuation of waves through a periodic rectangular arrangement of plates. The approach combines Fourier methods with Rayleigh–Ritz methods for free modes of rectangular plates which reduces each problem to an algebraic system of equations which are numerically accurate and efficient to compute. A selection of results are given to illustrate the work. The approach can be applied to many problems in hydroelasticity including the seakeeping of large flat-bottomed marine vessels, deflections in very large floating structures such as offshore airports and wave propagation through areas of broken sea ice.     

人造多晶冰抗压强度实验研究

对实验室制作的平均粒径为４ｍｍ的宏观各向同性粒状多晶冰，在冰温分别为－０．５、－２、－５和－１０℃及应变率分别为４．２×１０－４、５．５×１０－５、５．５×１０－６及３．５×１０－７ｓ－１下进行了单轴抗压强度实验。结果表明，极限抗压强度与负温和应变率的对数均呈正比例关系；在较高应变率下（４．２×１０－４ｓ－１），在－５℃时，出现韧脆性转折点。     

Numerical solution of the problem of the effect of a shock pulse on an ice sheet

A mathematical formulation of the problem is given. A method is proposed to determine the initial velocities of points of an ice sheet subjected to a point shock pulse. An example of calculation of ice-sheet deflections is considered. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 152–159, March–April, 2008.     

Evolution of the ice breaking process

The spatial problem of the stress-strain state of an ice sheet of finite thickness broken by a patented method is solved using the theory of small elastic strains and a proven numerical method. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 114–119, January–February, 2008.     

Numerical solution of the problem of motion of a load on a cracked ice sheet

A mathematical model is constructed for the motion of a load on a cracked ice sheet. Examples of calculation of ice deflections are given, and the calculation results are analyzed. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 151–156, May–June, 2008.     

Mathematical Modeling for One New Method of Breaking Ice Cover

The spatial problem of determining the stress-strain state of an ice plate of finite thickness broken by a patented method is solved using the theory of small elastoplastic strains and a proven numerical method. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 139–146, March–April, 2006.