具有区域极点约束的柔性梁鲁棒H∞振动主动控制

本文基于H∞控制理论研究了传感器和作动器非同位配置情况下,柔性悬臂梁的多模态振动抑制问题。采用频域辨识方法获取低阶名义模型,合理选取加性不确定权函数和性能权函数,将鲁棒H∞控制问题转化为标准H∞控制问题。为了避免H∞控制器设计过程中产生的零极点对消问题,在求解过程中引入区域极点约束。比较了鲁棒H∞控制器和不考虑高阶未建模动态的非鲁棒H∞控制器的控制效果,实验结果表明,设计的鲁棒H∞控制器能够有效抑制柔性梁的前三阶模态振动,而且不会发生溢出问题。     

平台稳定回路H_∞鲁棒控制设计

平台是一个耦合系统 ,表现在转动惯量耦合和力矩耦合。在设计稳定回路时平台模型与实际物理模型有差别 ,因此要求所设计的控制器具有鲁棒稳定性。 H∞ 控制理论是目前解决鲁棒控制问题比较成功且比较完善的理论体系 ,本文利用 H∞ 控制理论 ,研究了平台稳定回路多输入多输出 ( MIMO)控制器的设计。最后通过计算机仿真 ,验证了控制器的正确性。     

火箭发动机燃烧过程的鲁棒非脆弱H∞控制

针对某液体火箭发动机燃烧室的燃烧过程,设计了鲁棒非脆弱 H_∞ 状态反馈控制器。首先，基于一种新型的时滞分割法和交互式凸组合技术，借助于构造一个包含四重积分项的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函(LKF)，并利用新的积分不等式方法给出了LMI形式的时滞相关有界实判据；其次，在有界实判据的基础上，采用矩阵的合同变换以及变量替代技巧将燃烧过程非线性矩阵不等式线性化，通过求解线性矩阵不等式得到相应的非脆弱H_∞控制器的可行解。模拟结果验证了本文设计方法的有效性。     

H_∞控制器在变参数有源磁悬浮系统中的应用

建立了液浮陀螺仪浮子有源磁悬浮控制模型,深入地分析了其结构组成及工作原理。针对所建立的数学模型对各个结构参数进行了鲁棒性分析研究,得出了系统鲁棒稳定性对各个参数的要求。在此基础上,建立了系统工作的状态方程,对变参数的阻尼系统进行了分析研究,设计了满足系统动态性能和鲁棒稳定性要求的H∞控制器。最后分别对初始系统和校正系统进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,H∞控制器提高了阻尼在一定范围内变化的磁悬浮系统的鲁棒控制性能,增强了系统的抗干扰能力和动态特性。     

含时滞的参数不确定主动悬架离散系统鲁棒控制

针对主动悬架存在传输时滞和参数不确定性的控制问题，设计了含时滞的参数不确定鲁棒控制器。首先，运用线性分式变换方法推导出含时滞的参数不确定主动悬架状态空间方程，采用零阶保持器取值处理和双线性变换，建立主动悬架离散控制系统模型。其次，以车身垂向加速度为车辆悬架系统的最优化输出目标，采用Lyapunov泛函方法，推导出系统渐进稳定的鲁棒控制器充分条件，得到满足最优H_∞性能指标约束的反馈控制律，再通过求解线性矩阵不等式获得控制器参数。最后，进行数值算例仿真，结果表明，相较于只考虑时滞的控制器，含时滞的参数不确定鲁棒控制器具有更好的控制效果和鲁棒性，且受采样周期与不确定参数的耦合影响较小。     

平台稳定回路H∞鲁棒控制设计

平台是一个耦合系统,表现在转动惯量耦合和力矩耦合。在设计稳定回路时平台模型与实际物理模型有差别,因此要求所设计的控制器具有鲁棒稳定性。H∞控制理论是目前解决鲁棒控制问题比较成功且比较完善的理论体系,本利用H∞控制理论,研究了平台稳定回路多输入多输出（MIMO）控制器的设计。最后通过计算机仿真,验证了控制器的正确性。     

智能梁结构鲁棒PID控制及其时滞稳定性分析

研究了智能梁结构振动的鲁棒PID控制器的设计问题,考虑结构模态阻尼比及模态频率的不确定性,同时结合PID控制、保成本控制和H∞控制的优点,提出了一种鲁棒PID控制的设计方法,将PID控制器的参数整定问题转化为线性矩阵不等式凸优化问题的求解.考虑到实际系统中存在的时滞因素,对设计出的鲁棒PID控制系统进行了时滞稳定性分析,得出了使系统稳定的最大时滞量.最后,给出的数值算例说明了文中方法的可行性和有效性.     

SINS初始对准中的鲁棒超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波方法

捷联惯导初始对准大失准角系统误差模型中,当噪声具有不确定统计特性时,基于白噪声假设的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法鲁棒性较差.针对该问题,提出了一种基于H∞理论的鲁棒超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波算法.给出了计算量小的超球体采样策略,推导了H∞滤波的鲁棒机理,分离了鲁棒环节.将鲁棒环节引入超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,得到鲁棒超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,并分别在系统噪声和量测噪声为白噪声和有色噪声的条件下,对超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波和鲁棒超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波两种滤波方法进行了仿真实验.仿真结果表明,鲁棒超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波在白噪声情况下虽然精度有所降低,但是相对超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波具有了对有色噪声的鲁棒性,较超球体无迹卡尔曼滤波方法更适用于天向失准角为大角度并且噪声特性为有色噪声的情况.     

可控约束阻尼层梁的H∞控制实验研究

建立了可控约束阻尼层悬臂梁的动力学模型,分析了模型中的不确定性．针对模态溢出问题,研究了可控约束阻尼层梁结构的Ｈ∞鲁棒控制设计,并进行了数值仿真与控制实验研究．结果表明,与位移比例反馈控制相比,Ｈ∞控制能有效抑制可控约束阻尼层梁结构的模态振动,且对被截断模态不产生控制溢出,具有良好的鲁棒稳定性．     

利用H∞滤波器改进舰船SINS在摇摆基座上的初始对准

在摇摆状态下,利用常规Kalman滤波器得到的初始对准精度较低。为了提高捷联惯性导航系统在舰船摇摆基座上的初始对准精度,提出应用鲁棒扩展H∞滤波器实现初始对准。鲁棒扩展H∞滤波器是建立在鲁棒控制理论基础上的次优估计算法,以牺牲一定的准确性来提高滤波器的鲁棒性。在摇摆基座初始对准中利用鲁棒扩展H∞滤波器,是为了克服在大干扰情况下,系统误差模型不准确造成Kalman滤波器估计误差较大的问题。半物理仿真试验结果表明:在舰船横摇、纵摇、艏摇运动环境下,采用鲁棒扩展H∞滤波器得到的初始对准姿态角误差在12″(1σ)以内,方位角误差在15′(1σ)以内,优于使用Kalman滤波器的结果。     

MODAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR NORM COMPUTATION OF H ∞ DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS ( Ⅰ )

When using H ∞ techniques to design decentralized controllers for large systems,the whole system is divided into subsystems, which are analysed using H ∞ control theory before being recombined. An analogy was established with substructural analysis in structural mechanics, in which H∞ decentralized control theory corresponds to substructural modal synthesis theory so that the optimal H∞ norm of the whole system corresponds to the fundamental vibration frequency of the whole structure. Hence, modal synthesis methodology and the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm were transplanted from structural mechanics to compute the optimal H ∞ norm of the control system. The orthogonality and the expansion theorem of eigenfunctions of the subsystems H∞ control are presented in part ( Ⅰ ) of the paper. The modal synthesis method for computation of the optimal H∞ norm of decentralized control systems and numerical examples are presented in part ( Ⅱ ).     

MODAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR NORM COMPUTATION OF H∞ DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS (Ⅱ)

When using H ∞ techniques to design decentralized controllers for large systems,the whole system is divided into subsystems, which are analysed using H∞ control theory before being recombined. An analogy was established with substructural analysis in structural mechanics, in which H ∞ decentralized control theory corresponds to substructural modal synthesis theory so that the optimal H ∞ norm of the whole system corresponds to the fundamental vibration frequency of the whole structure. Hence, modal synthesis methodology and the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm were transplanted from structural mechanics to compute the optimal H∞ norm of the control system. The orthogonality and the expansion theorem of eigenfunctions of the subsystems H∞ control are presented in part (Ⅰ)of the paper. The modal synthesis method for computation of the optimal H ∞ norm of decentralized control systems and numerical examples are presented in part (Ⅱ).     

空间机器人双臂捕获卫星力学分析及镇定控制

随着航天技术的发展,空间机器人要求具有对非合作卫星的在轨捕获能力. 双臂空间机器人与单臂空间机器人相比在这方面显然更具有优势. 然而由于太空环境的复杂性,使得空间机器人双臂捕获非合作卫星操作过程的动力学与控制问题表现出下述特点:非完整动力学约束,动量、动量矩与能量传递变化,捕获前后结构开、闭环变拓扑,与闭环接触几何、运动学约束多者共存. 因此空间机器人双臂捕获卫星技术相关动力学与控制问题变得极其复杂. 为此,讨论了双臂空间机器人捕获自旋卫星过程的动力学演化模拟,以及捕获操作后其不稳定闭链混合体系统的镇定控制问题. 首先,利用拉格朗日第二类方程建立了捕获操作前双臂空间机器人的开环系统动力学模型,利用牛顿-欧拉法建立了目标卫星的系统动力学模型;在此基础上基于动量守恒定律、力的传递规律,经过积分与简化处理分析、求解了双臂空间机器人捕获目标卫星后受到的碰撞冲击效应,给出了合适的捕获操作策略. 根据闭链系统的闭环约束几何及运动学关系获得了闭合链约束方程,推导了捕获操作后闭链混合体系统的动力学方程. 最后基于该动力学方程针对捕获操作结束后失稳的闭链混合体系统,设计了镇定运动模糊H_∞ 控制方案. 提出的方案利用模糊逻辑环节克服参数不确定影响,由H_∞ 鲁棒控制项消除逼近误差来保证系统控制精度;通过最小权值范数法分配各臂关节力矩,以保证两臂协同操作. 李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了系统的全局稳定性. 最后通过数值仿真实验模拟、分析了碰撞冲击响应,并验证了上述镇定运动控制方案的有效性.      

MODAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR NORM COMPUTATION OF H∞ DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS （II）

When using H∞ techniques to design decentralized controllers for large systems, the whole system is divided into subsystems, which are analysed using H∞ control theorybefore being recombined. An analogy was established with substructural analysis instructural mechanics, in which H∞ decentralized control theory corresponds to substructuralmodal synthesis theory so that the optimal H∞ norm of the whole system corresponds to thefundamental vibration frequency of the whole structure. Hence, modal synthesismethodology and the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm were transplanted from structuralmechanics to compute the optimal H∞ norm of the control system. The orthogonality and theexpansion theorem of eigenfunctions of the subsystems H~ control are presented in part (I)of the paper. The modal synthesis method for computation of the optimal H∞ norm ofdecentralized control systems and numerical examples are presented in part (Ⅱ).     

航天器有限时间饱和姿态跟踪控制

针对刚体航天器系统,对存在模型不确定性、外界干扰力矩和控制器饱和等条件下的姿态跟踪控制问题进行了研究。首先,考虑未知模型不确定性和外界干扰,且总干扰上界为未知常数,结合快速非奇异终端滑模、快速终端滑模趋近律以及辅助系统构造了基本的鲁棒有限时间饱和控制器,并通过辅助系统直接补偿了控制器饱和;其次,针对系统总干扰具有多项式上界的情形,进一步结合自适应控制算法,对其上界函数中的未知参数进行在线估计,并设计了自适应有限时间饱和控制器。同时,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所提出控制算法的有限时间收敛特性。最后,通过数值仿真验证所提出控制算法的控制效果,在两种控制器作用下姿态的跟踪精度分别为5×10-5和1×10-5,证明了所提出控制算法的有效性。     

Seismic-vibration mitigation of a nonlinear structural system with an ATMD through a fuzzy PID controller

This paper discusses the design of fuzzy PID type controllers (FPIDC) to improve seismic control performance of a nonlinear structural system with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) against earthquakes. Since structural systems have nonlinearities and uncertainties, fuzzy-based controllers are adequate because of their robust character and satisfactory performance in active structural control. The main advantages of this controller are the ability to handle nonlinearities and uncertainties effectively. In the literature, various structures for fuzzy PID (including PI and PD) controllers have been proposed. In order to obtain proportional, integral and derivative control actions altogether, it is intuitive and convenient to combine PI and PD actions to form a fuzzy PID controller. The simulated system has fifteen degrees of freedom and is modeled using nonlinear behavior of the base–structure interaction. The system is then simulated against the ground motion of the Northridge earthquake (M _w =6.7) in USA on 17 January, 1994. Finally, the time history of the storey displacements, accelerations, ATMD displacements, control voltage and frequency responses of both the uncontrolled and controlled cases are presented. The ground motion recorded of the El-Centro and Kocaeli earthquakes has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The robustness of the controller has been checked through the uncertainty in stiffness of the structure. Simulation results exhibit that superior vibration suppression is achieved by the use of designed fuzzy PID type controllers.     

MODAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR NORM COMPUTATION OF H∞ DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SYSTEMS （ I ）

When using H∞ techniques to design decentralized controllers for large systems,the whole system is divided into subsystems, which are analysed using H∞ control theorybefore being recombined. An analogy was established with substructural analysis instructural mechanics, in which H∞ decentralized control theory corresponds to substructuralmodal synthesis theory so that the optimal H∞ norm of the whole system corresponds to thefundamental vibration frequency of the whole structure. Hence, modal synthesismethodology and the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm were transplanted from structuralmechanics to compute the optimal H∞ norm of the control system. The orthogonality and theexpansion theorem of eigenfunctions of the subsystems H∞ control are presented in part(I) of the paper. The modal synthesis method for computation of the optimal H∞ norm ofdecentralized control systems and numerical examples are presented in part (Ⅱ).     

On the Design of Structure and Controls for Optimal Performance of Actively Controlled Flexible Structures

ABSTRACT

The simultaneous design of scruccure and active controls is considered for structures equipped with force controllers. Both requirements for mission control (prescribed terminal conditions) and for the control of structural response (control damping) are reflected in developments for the design of

distributed parameter and large scale structures. As an example of problems with simple modal control, the optimal design is predicted for a cantilevered beam and for the feedback gains and actuator positions of its discrete controllers. Also the additional criterion to limit control spillover is incorporated into the formulation for modal control with a prescribed number of controlled modes. Computational results indicate that in some cases the use of a fully coupled model for the design of structure and its control devices leads to a considerable improvement in performance.     

Active vibration control of nonlinear benchmark buildings

The present nonlinear model reduction methods unfit the nonlinear benchmark buildings as their vibration equations belong to a non-affine system. Meanwhile, the controllers designed directly by the nonlinear control strategy have a high order, and they are difficult to be applied actually. Therefore, a new active vibration control way which fits the nonlinear buildings is proposed. The idea of the proposed way is based on the model identification and structural model linearization, and exerting the control force to the built model according to the force action principle. This proposed way has a better practicability as the built model can be reduced by the balance reduction method based on the empirical Grammian matrix. A three-story benchmark structure is presented and the simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is viable for the civil engineering structures.     

SOME PROBLEMS IN THE TEACHING OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS1)

结合结构力学的教学实践,给出了几何构造分析概念在求解静定结构内力、用机动法作梁的影响线、应用虚功原理求静定结构反力等方面的应用;分析了自由度、计算自由度、结构动力计算自由度、稳定性问题的自由度之间的区别与联系;汇总了力法、位移法等方法的特点及适用问题;介绍了部分结构力学内容应用多媒体、实验、数值仿真相结合的教学方法。将结构力学内容的内在联系、容易混淆的概念、各种方法的特点理清楚,从而提高教学效果。